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Creole as a language
Gyeoung-min BagHye-sung Kim
Table of contents
• The definition of Pidgin & Creole• The developmental stage of Creole• Video to watch through youtube• Linguistic features of Creole (Jamaican Creole)• Conclusion• References
Definition of Pidgin & Creole
Pidgin Creole
- No native speaker
- mixing of language
- reduced grammar & vocabulary
- Native speaker exist - mixed language associated with cultural and often racial mixture - have parents who use pidgin
The devel-opmental
phenomena from Jargon to standard language
Three types of develop-ments
1. Abrupt Language: early nativization eg) Hawaiian pidgin English
2. stabilized pidgin -> Creole eg) North Australian Creole
3. Gradual change -> Creole eg) New Guinea Tok Pisin
Jamaican creole
Jamaican creole
• www.youatube.com/watch?v=6j6xlGmg95a (0:25~1:05)
• Smaddy – somebody someone - phonological feature
• Chakka chakka – untidy - morphological feature
• Dutty up – to make dirty / Galang – go on - morphological feature
Creole is a “Language”
• Creativity - possible to product new utterances
e.g.) I man don’t play hockey, I eat hockey(ackee)!
Creole is a “Language”• Syntactic features- Each of morphemes and phonemes has a identity and that of place in sen-tences.
Creole is a “Language”
• Morphological features e.g.) likl – likla – liklis (comparative / superlative)
e.g.) dem bwoy-ya / dat mango-de (demonstrates)
e.g.) huoli-huoli (Full Reduplications)
e.g.) sidong / pudong / dwiit/ wentaim (alternatives)
Distinctions between Jam and Eng
e.g.) singular plural
1 person mi wi 2 person yu unu3 person im(s/he) dem i(it)
Distinctions between Jam and Eng
• Gender differentiation / declen-sion
e.g.) im can be translated he/him/she/her wi can be translated us
dem can be translated they/them
e.g.) mi buk / yu buk / dem buk
Distinctions between Jam and Eng
• Plural Marking / Negation
e.g.) unman-dem / dawta-dem
e.g.) Wi no kayta / Mi naa(no+a) go Mi neba nuo dat / Nobody neva ansa dat
Distinctions between Jam and Eng
• Tense Structuree.g.) Mi lef I leave(habitually) ; left Mi a lef I am leaving Mi ena(en+a) lef I was leaving Mi en lef I have left ; I had left
Conclusion
• Jamaican creole is a language based on the “design features” classification of language
• Jamaican creole can also be considered a “full” language because it has undergone structure formalization, to phonology, mor-phology and syntax
• There are marked distinctions between standard British English and Jamaican creole
References
• 피진과 크리올의 분화 , 2004, 이원진• 크리올의 특성비교 : 언어학적 관점에서 , 2004, 박찬후
• 영어전쟁 그 후 , 2010, 서영교• The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole
Languages, 2008, SIEGEL, Jeff• Syntactic features