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VERB TENSES  

TIME PERSPECTIVE {berdasarkan waktu}

-  The Present Tense -  The Past Tense -  The Future Tense

USAGE PERSPECTIVE {berdasarkan penggunaan}

- Simple - Continuous/Progressive - Perfect - Perfect Continuous /Progressive

Jika 3 perbedaan waktu tadi dikalikan dengan 4 kategori tenses yang ada, maka jumlah tenses keseluruhan:

12 kategori verb tenses

Apa saja ke 12 Verb Tenses itu?

Present •  1. Simple Present Tense

Past •  2. Simple Past Tense

Future •  3. Simple Future Tense

Present •  4. Present

Continuous Tense

Past •  5.Past

Continuous Tense

Future •  6. Future

Continuous Tense

Present •  7. Present Perfect Tense

Past •  8. Past Perfect Tense

Future •  9. Future Perfect Tense

Present •  10. Present

Perfect Continuous Tense

Past •  11. Past Perfect

Continuous Tense

Future •  12. Future

Perfect Continuous Tense

CIRI UTAMA kategori continuous

menggunakan verb-ing (present participle).

{washing, cooking, riding, watching, trying}

CIRI UTAMA kategori perfect

menggunakan auxiliary/ kata bantu “have/ has/ had”

+ verb 3 (past participle).

{Has broken, Have fallen, Had written}

CIRI UTAMA kategori perfect continuous

menggunakan auxiliary “have/ has/ had”

+ been + verb-ing/ present participle

{Have been reading, Has been waiting, had been living}

Berikut penjelasan sederhana kapan tiap tense digunakan…

Present Simple

Digunakan untuk rutinitas, fakta alam/ dll yang tidak terpengaruh waktu. Contoh: 1.  “I go to work every day.” 2.  “She always reads books in her free time.” 3.  “The sun rises in the East.”

Past Simple

Digunakan untuk hal yang terjadi di satu waktu di masa lampau (dengan keterangan waktu yang jelas). Dimulai dan selesai di masa lampau. Contoh: 1.  “I went to Bogor yesterday.” 2.  “Ana never studied English before.” 3.  “They watched a movie last night.”

Future Simple

Digunakan untuk hal yang akan terjadi di satu waktu di masa depan/ akan terjadi. Contoh: 1.  “I will go to Bogor tomorrow.” 2.  “Ana will study English next month.” 3.  “They will watch a movie tonight.”

Present Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang sedang berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan. Dimulai di masa lampau dan mungkin akan berlanjut di masa depan. Contoh: 1. “I am working at the o!ce right now.” 2. “He is studying English at the moment.” 3. “They are watching a movie now.”

Past Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang sedang berlangsung pada satu waktu di masa lampau. Contoh:

Situasi: film yang dimulai pk 14.00 dan selesai pk 15.00 tadi siang.

Contoh kalimat: 1. “I was working at the o!ce when he called.” 2. “They were watching a movie when it rained.”

Future Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang sedang berlangsung pada satu waktu di masa depan. Contoh:

film yang diputar pk 21.00 – 22.00 nanti malam.

Contoh kalimat: 1.  “I will be working at the o!ce when you

call.” 2.  “They will be watching a movie when it

rains.”

Present Perfect

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah terjadi di masa lampau, tapi keterangan waktu tidak disebutkan/ tidak penting untuk diketahui. Contoh: 1.  “I have worked for 8 hours.” 2.  “John has studied English since last

month.” 3.  “They have watched the movie.”

Past Perfect

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah selesai dilakukan sebelum hal lain terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh situasi: Saya sudah selesai bekerja sebelum kamu datang tadi. Contoh: 1. “I had finished working when you called.” 2. “They had watched the movie when they

read the review.”

Future Perfect

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah selesai dilakukan sebelum hal lain terjadi di masa depan. Contoh situasi: Saya akan telah selesai bekerja sebelum kamu datang nanti. Contoh: 1. “I will have finished working when you call.” 2. “They will have watched the movie when

they read the review.”

Present Perfect Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah berlangsung. Dimulai di masa lampau, terjadi hingga kini/ sekarang. Contoh: 1.  “I have been working for 8 hours.” 2.  “John has been studying English

since last month.” 3. “They have been watching.”

Past Perfect Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah berlangsung sebelum hal lain terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh: 1.  “I had been working for 8 hours before

you called.” 2.  “John had been studying English for a

month before the test.”

Future Perfect Continuous

Digunakan untuk hal yang telah berlangsung sebelum hal lain terjadi di masa depan. Contoh: 1.  “I will have been working for 8 hours by

the time you call me.” 2.  “They will have been watching by the

time you come.”

THANK YOU, FRIENDS

Compiled and written by @NenoNeno (http://twitter.com/NenoNeno) at @EnglishTips4U (http://twitter.com/#%21/EnglishTips4U)

Slide by @alissafatma

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