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Different Types of Activities in the Industries
Woodworking
• Many of the skills acquired on the woodworking are rewarding. The carpentry should be know the students not only in employment but also for their own needs at home as repairing broken chairs, tables, fences and more.
Metal Works
• One of the chambers of economic education today is timely because many scattered waste such as metal cans that can be used again in developing projects such as dust pan, grater, soap dish, recipe box and frame.
Electricity
Here the students to gain basic knowledge and skills of electricity, corresponding precautions and safety practices to avoid disaster.
Tools and Equipment of Woodworking
Measuring tools
Pull – Push Ruleflexible tape that slides into a material case and it is used tomeasure irregular and regular shapes.
Ruler12-inch or one foot rule and it is used to take/make simplemeasurements.
Meter Stickused to measure a work piece.
Try Squaresquaring, measuring and testing tool used to check adjacentsurfaces for squareness.
Caliperused to transfer measurements from the rule to the work.
MARKING LINING TOOLS
Pencilused to layout or mark cutting lines.
Chalk Lineused to establish a straight line on a surface.
Dividertool with two metal legs used to lay-out an arc circle or stepoff division on a line.
Compassused to scribe arcs and circle in a metal wood.
TESTING TOOLS
Try Squaretool used in squaring, measuring and testing the squarenessof a wood.
Steel Squareframing square used to mark out the work for squaring andchecking of angles and is used in the construction of roofframing and large furniture.
Spirit Leveltool used for testing vertical and horizontal surfaces.
Plumb bobtool used to test the vertical and horizontal surfaces.
EDGE CUTTING TOOLS
Chiseltool used to trim and shape wood.
Planeused to obtain a smooth and flat surface.
Spoke shavesmall plane like tool from irregularly shaped objects.
Cabinet scraperrectangular piece of steel with two cutting edges used forworking flat and curved shapes.
Tooth cutting tools
Cross Cut Sawhandsaw used to cut the wood across the grain.
Rip-sawhand saw used to cut the wood along the grain.
Differences of Crosscut Saw and Rip Saw
Back Sawhandsaw with a metal back and plywood and joinery.
Compass Sawused to cut irregular shape either in large or small board.
Turning Sawused to rip, cross and cut curves in lumber.
Coping Sawu-shaped saw used for cutting irregular shape in small board.
Dovetail Sawsmall back saw with a straight chisel type handle used to cutvery fine joints.
BORING TOOLS
Auger bittool used to make hole in woods.
Expansive bittool used to drill holes of various sizes in woods.
Drill bittool used for boring holes either in metals, woods or plastics.
HOLDING TOOLS
C-Clampused for holding together pieces of lumber while working.
Bench Viseused to hold any materials or tools in place.
Bar Clampused to hold large boards or frames together whileassembling or gluing.
Miscellaneous tools
Oil Stoneused for sharpening edge cutting tools such as chisel.
Filesused to smoothen metal and wood surfaces.
Paint Brushused to apply paint or varnish on wood surfaces.
Nail Setused to drive the head of nails lower than surface of wood.
Saw Setused to bend the upper half of each tooth to one side or theother to form a set.
Portable Powertools
Sanderportable power tool used for sanding furniture pieces.
Routerused for shaping surfaces and edges of furniture parts.
Jigsawpower tool used primarily for cutting curved or irregularshapes of wood surfaces.
Circular sawpower saw used for many types of cutting, particularly onlarge panel stock.
Electric Drillpower drill which is used to drill holes in various materials toperform a multitude of tasks.
Driving tools
Claw Hammerused to drive and pull out nails on wooden surfaces.
Malletmade out of wood or rubber used to drive other tools likechisel.
Nail Setused in setting the head of a finishing nail below the surfaceof the wood.
Screw Driverused to drive and loose screws.
Tools and Equipment of Metal Works
Measuring Tools
Pull – Push Ruleflexible tape that slides into a material case and it is used tomeasure irregular and regular shapes.
Steel Tapeis similar to a steel tape rule except for its flexible number of feet that are marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and available in 25 to 100 feet length.
Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in the tool room. It is made of tampered steel about 1/8 inch thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long. The same style maybe obtained from 1 to 48 inches in length.
Try square
is an instrument used to measure and test the squareness of an object.
Combination square It is a measuring instrument combined with 45°, 90° and a protractor.
Micrometer calliper Is a precision measuring instrument used to measure dimensions in thousandths of an inch.
Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the inside, outside diameter, as well as depth of hole and slot.
Dividers These are used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay out arcs and circles.
Bench Rule/Rulert is the most common tool in the tool room and it is made of tempered steel about 1/8” thick , ¾ “ wide and 6-18 inches long.
CUTTING TOOLS
Hacksaw is a tooth cutting tool usually with a solid and adjustable frame. The main parts are handles, blade, tightening screw and nuts.
Files are made of high grade steel which are hardened and tempered. Each file has rows of teeth that form, shape and finish metal by removing small chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal surface.
Cold chiselA wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut, and chip metal
Scraper is used in removing points, burrs and sharp edges from metal surfaces and similar parts. This tool is made of hardened steel of various shapes that fit according to each purpose.
Punches
are used for permanent markings on the surface of metals.
DRIVING TOOLS
Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and deforming metals. It has two faces. One is flat used in striking cold chisels and punches. The other side, the “peen”, is rounded for bending and shaping metals.
Chipping hammer is used for removing slag on weld. It has two faces, on one side and round pointed on the other side.
Wrench It is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.
ScrewdriverIs hand tool that is designed to turn screws.
HOLDING TOOLS
Clamps
are made of different sizes and appearance that are fitted to its purpose.
Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaws that easily goes back or forth by raising the handle.
Machinist vise is a work holding tool for machining activity.
Hand vise V block with clamp is used to hold metal stocks for small machining operations.
Vise Grip is a tool used to grip the stock tightly enough to hold the object.
Tong is used to hold the metal to be forged and must be held securely while working.
Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires.
Tools and Equipment of
Electricity
Standard/Flat Screw Driver
The blade tip is wedge shaped and resembles a negative (-) sign. This is used to drive screws with a single slot head.
Philips Screw Driver
This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. This is used to drive screws with cross slot heads.
Allen Screw Driver/Wrench
This could be in the shape of screw driver or a wrench, its function is to drive a screw with hexagonal slot head.
Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers)
is used to grip, hold, cut electrical wires and cables and even small nails. Usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks.
Side Cutting Pliers
This type of pliers is used for cutting fine, medium and big wires and cables.
Long Nose PliersUsed for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight spaces or small openings where other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal loops of copper wires.
Wire Stripper is a tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
THANK YOU AND GOD
BLESS