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UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE GUERRERO
UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS
ENGLISH III
PROFESSOR: M.C.JORGE LUIS MONROY GUTIERREZ
TEAM MEMBERS:
CONDE CAMPOS REMBERTO
ORTEGA NAVA ALMA JULIET
ROJAS APARICIO AUGUSTO
VILLEGAS ROMAN VICTOR MANUEL
THURSDAY, JUNE 17TH, 2011 GROUP: 302
CARBON COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL BONDS
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of
carbon. The compounds of carbon are central to life on this
planet.
Their first deliberate experience with anorganic reaction probably dates from their
discovery of fire
The fermentation of grapes to produce ethylalcohol
As a science, organic chemistry is less than200 year old. Most historians of science date
its origin tho early part of the nineteenthcentury, a time in which an erroneous belief
was dispelled
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMESTRY AS A SCIENCE
VitalismDuring the 1780s
scientists began to
distinguish between
organic compounds and
inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds were
defined as compounds
that could be obtained
from living organisms.
Inorganic compounds
were those that came from
nonliving sources.
EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULES
As a result, many molecules that had appeared earlier to have
the same formula were seen to be composed of different
numbers of atoms.
THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The atoms of the elements in organic compounds can form a
fixed number of bonds. The measure of this ability is called
valence. Carbon is tetravalent; that is, carbon atoms form
bonds. Oxygen is divalent; and hydrogen and the halogens
are monovalent.
CARBON CYCLE
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which
carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere,
geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It is
one of the most important cycles of the earth and allows for
carbon to be recycled and reused throughout the biosphere
and all of its organisms.
CARBON-CARBON COVALENT BONDS
Carbon s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other
carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom
that accounts for the very existence of a field of study
called organic chemistry.
HYDROCARBONS: REPRESENTATIVE ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES,
AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
As the name implies, are compounds
whose molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
ALKANES
ALKENES
ALKYNES
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
ALKANES
The principal sources of alkanes are natural gas and petroleum.
The smaller alkanes (methane through butane) are gases under
ambient conditions.
•The simplest
alkane
•Major
component of
natural gas
•There are
organisms that
produce methane
called
methanogens
ALKENES
Ethene is used as a starting material for the synthesis of many
industrial compounds, including ethanol, ethylene oxide, ethanal,
and the polyethylene.
Propene is used in making the polymer polypropylene, and in
addition to other uses, propene is the starting material for a
synthesis of acetone and cumene.
ALKYNES
The simplest allkyne is ethyne. Alkines occur in nature and can be
synthesized in the laboratory.
Alkynes whose molecules have multiple triple bonds exist in the
atmosphere of the outer planets in our solar system
BENZENE: A REPRESENTATIVE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
The compound known as benzene is the prototypical aromatic
compound. Benzene can be written as a six-membered ring
with alternating single and double bonds, called a Kekulé
structure after August Kekulé.