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Feast and Famine:How the world moved to a two-tiered
food system
Harriet Friedmann, University of Toronto
Northern Hunger
• First food banks: 1980s
• First anti-hunger organizations: 1990s
• Cuts to social assistance; creation and removal of food supplement to social assistance: 2000s
Northern Feasts
• The supermarket revolution
• Eating globally
• New food imports: the healthy ones
The South As Global Farm
• Debt crisis and export imperative: 1980s
Led to……
• “Non-traditional” exports….
So what is happening to diets in the global south?
Is the Northern diet one to which people everywhere should aspire?
• The novelty of the industrial diet
• Nutrition Transition: democratization of fat
• Deficiencies because of abundance
• What is lost?
Great Britain - $253 per week for food(Hungry Planet)
The Nutrition Transition
Kenya: An ExampleThanks to Kristie O’Neill
• Exporting healthy food
• Importing processed foods high in fats and sugars and salt
Maize Available for Consumption from 1993-2005 in kcal/per capita/day
Palm Oil Available for Consumption from 1993-2005 in kcal/per
capita/day
Soyabean Oil and Other Oil Available for Consumption from 1961-2005 in
kcal/per capita/day
• A tasty dish of fried bhajia and sausage. Over-consumption of cheap cooking fats, driven by their tasty flavour, poses a major public
health crisis in Kenya. Photo/PETERSON GITHAIGA Source: Daily Nation, Kenya 26 May 2010
Avocado and Green Bean Production in tonnes from 1961-2005
• A tasty dish of fried bhajia and sausage. Over-consumption of cheap cooking fats, driven by their tasty flavour, poses a major public
health crisis in Kenya. Photo/PETERSON GITHAIGA Source: Daily Nation, Kenya 26 May 2010
But more is going on…
In cities…
Stephen Ajengo explains how a sack is prepared. COOPI provided the top soil, sand, manure and seedlings. The project targets 1,000 households in Mathare.
Source: Irin Africa 25 May 2010
And in the countryside
Two futures
• World Development Report 2008
• International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development
Or…
Egypt - $68.53 a week for food(Peter Menzel, Hungry Planet)
Ecuador- $31.55 a week for food
Questions for the South
• Is good diet mainly about money?
• Is living on $2 per day twice as good as living on $1 per day?
• Does it not depend on the farming system and its relation (or lack of relation) to what people eat?