CITY AND METROPOLITAN PLANNINGDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

MASTERS OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNINGDepartment of Architecture,

Faculty of Technology & EngineeringThe Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,

Vadodara, IndiaSEPTEMBER 2015

SUBMITTED BY – AVANI SOLANKIDWEEP BUCHJANUMI RATHODPARTH SADARIA

Urban Planning Framework in China

Two-tier planning system (The 1990 City Planning Act )

CITY MASTER PLAN SITE DEVELOPMENT CONTROL PLAN

Medium and large size cities(>200,000) must prepare District Plans based on the master plan.

Plot by plot planning parameters-

(1) Permitted land use type

(2) Maximum plot ratio

(3) Maximum building height

(4) Maximum lot coverage ratio (Footprint area divided by the lot size)

(5) Minimum open space ratio

(6) The location of the entrance

(7) Minimum car parking standard

(8) Public facilities contribution.

(1) Forecasts the size of city, built-up area and population over the next 20 years

(2) Designates land uses areas

(3) Arranges trunk infrastructure and city-wide social amenities.

Guangzhou - Location

City administration area 7,434.4 Sq.km

2014 Population 13,080,500Density 1,800/Sq.km

• Sub-provincial city in Guangdong province – South China

• Influences of Arabs, Portuguese, Japanese, Persians

• 3rd largest Chinese city, largest in south-central China – direct jurisdiction over 11 districts

• Important transportation and trading port since history – leading manufacturing and commercial area

• Part of The Pearl River Delta Region

• Vast quantities of clothing, electronics, plastic goods, and toys are shipped from Guangzhou all over the world.

• A city that has sprung up recently with China's economic boom, it hosts the biannual China Import and Export Fair or “Canton Fair”.

City administration area 7,434.4 Sq.km

2014 Population 13,080,500Density 1,800/Sq.km

Guangzhou

City ProperSuburb

• Sub-provincial city in Guangdong province – South China

• Influences of Arabs, Portuguese, Japanese, Persians

• 3rd largest Chinese city, largest in south-central China – direct jurisdiction over 11 districts

• Important transportation and trading port since history – leading manufacturing and commercial area

• Part of The Pearl River Delta Region

• Vast quantities of clothing, electronics, plastic goods, and toys are shipped from Guangzhou all over the world.

• A city that has sprung up recently with China's economic boom, it hosts the biannual China Import and Export Fair or “Canton Fair”.

City administration area 7,434.4 Sq.km

2014 Population 13,080,500Density 1,800/Sq.km

Guangzhou

City ProperSuburb

WaterHigh density urban areaLow density urban areaAgricultureForest and green area

Growth1991

2005

High density urban areas ↑ 368.52 km²Low density urban areas ↓ 268.13 km²

Accelerating economic development + growing number of migrants

Growth

Main reasons for in migration –

1. Economic opportunities2. Household registration policy “hukou”

1. Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone 2. Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone – 2005- auto-mobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy

industry3. Guangzhou Free Trade Zone – 1992- international trade, logistics, processing industry and computer

software

ISSUES

• Temporary population• temporary residents• floating population• Environmental pollution• Homeless - 2.41 million homeless people in the whole of Guangzhou. • Traffic• Health Issues – • At a lot of bars and clubs, they tend to do fake liquor• sick from the pollution in Guangzhou so they would have to wear a mask.

There will be vaccinations to make sure they don’t get sick or prevent it from happening.

• Slums : Guangzhou is known as the Slum city’ due to the number of cheap and poorly built housing that roughly account for 20% of the whole city. The slum is mainly made up of migrant workers who live in the area due to the cheap rents and authorities say it’s a hotbed of crime and violence.

Large scale urban rescaling –

a) Development control over huge land resources, industrial and commercial developments

b) Higher revenue to municipal government by sale of land and taxes

Guidelines since mid 1980s- Central govt regulations to improve regional governance and strengthen role of metropolis-

a) Vertical re-organization

b) Horizontal re-organization

Strategies

City level

County level

Counties and county level

cities

Urban districts

“Urban Development Concept Plan” - not formally part of the conventional planning hierarchy

Strategies

Guangzhou’s future development strategy:

1. Expansion in the south, - growth corridors by building an international exhibition

center, a university town, Bio-Island, a new CBD & a special economic area

2. Optimization in the north - preserved as a local recreation area and source of drinking water

3. Advancement in the east - designated to serveas a center for high-tech and industrial production

4. Linkage in the west - a combinedentity with the neighbouring city of Foshan

Strategies

• To preserve the natural spatial pattern of “a city within mountains and water”

• accessibility and continuity of public spaces, adhering to green and ecological planning concepts and the principle of sustainable development.

• The focus is on the improvement of urban functions and upgrading of the quality and image of urban space.

• To manifest the features of Lingnan (Southern China) culture of the urban axis• Planned under concept of “Lingnan Impression, Green Axis in Floral City” and the positioning of an

“administrative centre”• Five major functional zones, including the tourist zone, administration/office zone, ecological and

recreational zone, waterfront residential zone and science and technology innovation zone.• To reinforce the regional centre’s service functions of concentrating supreme elements• three modes of development, the TOD (transit-oriented development), EOD (ecologic-oriented

development) and SOD (service-oriented development), a better balance between development and environmental protection is envisioned.

• To enhance the accessibility and continuity of pedestrian facilities

• Peak passenger flows of 26,900 passengers per hour per direction.• Daily ridership of around 800,000 passenger-trips per day on BRT buses • The world's longest BRT stations –around 260mincluding bridges, at the

largest stations.• The first BRT system in China to include bike parkingand bike sharingin the

BRT station design. • The first BRT system in the world to include direct connecting tunnels

between metro and BRT stations.

BRT

• In 2008, the Chinese government unleashed a plan to merge the Pearl River Delta’s nine cities – consisting of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou in the east, Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen in the west, and Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhaoqing in the centre – into a single megalopolis.

• ‘one-hour-living zone’ encompassing all the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta

Pearl River Delta - Megapolis

• Spend trillions on more than 150 major infrastructure improvements for a network of transportation, water, energy supply and telecommunication.

• Abolition of the household registration-basic services and inter-connectedness of all 9 cities Threat to Hong Kong due to huge competition

The Greater Pearl River Delta Region

Thank you

• www.waterandmegacities.org• http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/• http://www.prdculture.net• The Interplay of Innovative Urban Planning Approaches and Economic Upgrading

in China: The Case of Guangzhou Mega-City Michael Waibel, Friederike Schröder• High capacity BRT planning, implementation & operation: Case study of the

Guangzhou BRT• Evaluation of Plan Implementation in the Transitional China: A Case of

Guangzhou City Master Plan• Planning of the New Urban Axis Area of Guangzhou• The Pearl River Delta Greater: A report commissioned by invest Hong Kong 7th

Edition

REFERENCES

Photographs-• www.excelguangzhou.com• china.org.cn• www.demotix.com