HRTM Tourism and Culture Sectors

Deckblatt Focus on fine solutions

إدارة التقانات العالية

البازغة وتحدياتها High & Emerging Techs Mgt By Dr. Sabri MOURAD [email protected] Lecture 3

mailto:[email protected]

Definition of a Tourist

• Tourists are people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

(UNWTO, 1995)

Definition Ottawa Conference (1991)

International Tourism:

• Travelers

– Visitors (included in statistics)

– Other Travelers

• Two types of Visitors:

– Tourist (Overnight Visitor)

– Same-day Visitor

A more easy definition:

A tourist is a temporary leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for the purpose of experiencing a change

• Time: Temporary

• Choice: Voluntarily

• Destination: Place away from Home

• Motivation: Experience

Maslow’s needs and motivations

Maslow states that there is a hierarchy in human needs. When a lower need is fulfilled, than a person is motivated to pursue a higher need.

From low to high he distinguishes the following needs:

• Physiological: Food, Drink …

• Safety: Security (Health)

• Belonging: Love (Togetherness, Roots)

• Esteem: Status (Recognition)

• Self-Actualization: Be yourself (Self-discovery)

• Enhancement 1: To Know and Understand: Knowledge (Culture)

• Enhancement 2: Aesthetics: Beauty (Scenery)

Tourism is almost perceived as an enhancement, It needs to be perfect

Technologies in Tourism sector

Tourism sectors, some general information

There were 1035 million tourists in the world in 2012 (913 in 2008 and 935 in

2010)

Asia 233 million (204 million in 2010)

Africa 53 million (49 million in 2010)

Middle East 52 million (60 million in 2010)

Europe 534 million (471 million in 2010)

Americas 163 million (151 million in 2010)

In 2012, the tourism industry generates 1075 USD $ million (935 million in 2009).

An additional US$ 219 billion was recorded in receipts from international

passenger transport, bringing total exports generated by international

tourism in 2012 to US$ 1.3 trillion.




Tourism sectors, some general information. Top 10 destinations in millions

France

USA

China

Spain

Italy

UK

Turkey

Germany

Malaysia

Mexico


Tourism sectors, some general information. Top 10 revenues in Billions US$

USA

Spain

France

China

Italy

Germany

UK

Australia

Hong Kong

Thailand

2012

128

56

54

50

41

38

36

32

31

30


Tourism sectors, some general information

Tourism sector is very dynamic and a major source of jobs (more than 70 million

jobs worldwide)

Most of companies working in tourism are SMEs or personal affairs

Tourism is a major motor of investment in infrastructure

Tourism is characterized by the use of low qualified people but it uses a lot of

technologies

Tourism is a tool of Revitalization of poor or non-industrialized regions


Technologies trend in tourism sector

-High technologies to maintain the quality of the environment which is an

attractive factor for tourists

- High technologies to develop the tourism activity and to facilitate the tourism

-Web technologies and Internet

- Revival of cultural heritage (RCH)

- Customer reservation systems (CRS)

- Global distribution system (GDS)

- Geographic information system (GIS)

- Mobile and communication systems

- E-learning

- Human language technologies (HLT)

- Global positioning system (GPS)

- Automated Kiosks

Future impact of Tourism technologies on Syrian economy

Level of acceptance of the Syrian Economy

Impact

on S

yrian T

ourism

V limited

Limited

Medium

High

V. High

V Low Low Medium High V High

Internet Mobile

E-learning

GPS

CRS

GDS

Environment

Automated

kiosks

HLT RCH



Mobile technology for tourism

Holidaymakers are increasingly looking to take advantage of their

smartphone’s Internet capabilities to help them gather holiday information, find

reviews and even book tickets while travelling.

The total number of mobile Internet users are expected to reach 350 million by

2013 as a result of the increasing rise in smartphone popularity (2,2 billion

users of internet in general).

Thanks to smartphones the tourism business’ exposure can dramatically

increase:

• Website is available to be viewed from any smartphone

• Guests can leave comments on Facebook Page via their Facebook

smartphone or iPhone app.

• Anyone can read TripAdvisor listing and post a review

• Smartphones even work as a GPS and let travelers find company

location.


New business will be developed to adapt the websites for smartphones


Applications (apps) are the driving force

behind increasing the capability of

traveller’s iPhones and other smartphones.

Apps are small programs available free or

for a few dollars. iPhone apps are by far

more popular than other smartphones’

apps. Skype, Facebook, TripAdvisor and

the major banks are just a few of the

hundreds of apps available.

Technologies in culture sector

The culture industry is all commercial activities related to the culture. It includes

all activities to produce, distribute and sell the culture related products


The culture industry is an important economic sector which offers

High number of job offers with almost low qualification

Can offer jobs in isolated areas (like hand arts)

Syria which has a great history and culture traditions suffers from the absence

of means to produce and distribute cultural products

It is clear that the ICT technologies (Internet) will offer the possibility of spread

the Syrian culture outside and create new jobs related to these activities

Syria has many handicaps in the culture industry area:

- Low number of qualified people in this area

- The high urbanization which killed many traditional artisanal activities

- Low investment in knowledge management related to culture traditions

- Absence of research and development in this area

- Misunderstanding of the market needs

Future impact of technologies on culture sector in Syria

Level of acceptance of the Syrian Industry sector

Imp

act

on S

yrian c

ulture

industr

y

V limited

Limited

Medium

High

V. High

V Low Low Medium High V High

Technologies in cultural sector

Mobile

E-commerce

Internet

ICT

Supply Chain

Environment

tech

HLT


Strong points of Syrian culture sector

- Good contribution to man power

- Low tech sector

- Extensive user of manpower

- Syria has a rich cultural history and traditions

- Syria Has good basis to establish cultural industry

- There is very few legal constraints to produce and sell cultural services

- Starting business in cultural area does not require high investment


Weak points of Syrian culture sector

-Lack of qualified people in this sector

- Low number of training and teaching capacities adapted to this sector

- Urbanization reduces the transmission of skills

- Lack of knowledge management in this sector

- Lack of intellectual properties protection

- Almost absence of qualified people in high techs related to this area

Education

HRTM Tourism and Culture Sectors