Upload
-
View
491
Download
51
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
, HTML XHTML, . - , , - . , -. , -
, -, - -.
HTML XHTML, - . HTML - HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 CSS2, XHTML 2 CSS3, - , XHTML (XFroms, XFrames -). XML. :
HTML- , , , Java- - JavaScript
,
. , HTML XHTML - . , , , , , , . , - - .
, HTML- - , .
(Edward Mendelson), PC Magazine
, .
(Linda Roeder), About.com
HT
ML
XH
TM
L
HTML XHTML.
HTML XHTML
-
6-
: - / HTML
: -(812) 324-5353, (495) 945-8100
www.symbol.ru
html_xhtml_tdg_6ed_rus.indd 1html_xhtml_tdg_6ed_rus.indd 1 28.02.2008 19:08:3428.02.2008 19:08:34
Books.Ru ISBN 5932861045, HTML XHTML. , 6 Books.Ru . , . , ([email protected]), .
HTML & XHTML
Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy
The Definitive Guide
Sixth Edition
HTML XHTML
2008
HTML XHTML. ,6
. . . . . . . . , . .
., .HTML XHTML. , 6 . . . :, 2008. 752 ., .ISBN10: 5932861045ISBN13: 9785932861042
HTML XHTML HTML XHTML, . , , , . , , , .
HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 CSS2, XHTML 2 CSS3. XHTML (XFroms, XFrames ), XML. : ; HTML, ; , , ; HTML , JavaScript Java.
ISBN10: 5932861045ISBN13: 9785932861042ISBN 0596527322 ()
, 2008Authorized translation of the English edition 2006 OReilly Media, Inc. This translation is published and sold by permission of OReilly Media, Inc., the owner of allrights to publish and sell the same. , . , , .
. 199034, , 16 , 7,. (812) 3245353, www.symbol.ru. N 000054 25.12.98.
00593, 2; 953000 .
21.02.2008. 70100 1/16 . . 47 . . 2000 . N
199034, , 9 , 12.
,
, .
, ,
.
1. HTM
1.11.21.31.41.51.6
2.
2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.12.12.12.1
3.
3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
L, XHTML World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
. HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
. HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
. HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
. HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602. JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
. XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
. HTML/XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
8
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.44.54.64.74.84.94.1
5.
5.15.25.35.45.55.6
6.
6.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.8
7.
7.17.27.37.47.57.67.77.8
8.
8.18.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1340. HTML
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
, . . . . . . . . 143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
. : URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
9
8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2958.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3018.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3638.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
9.
9.19.29.39.4
9.59.69.79.89.99.1
9.19.1
10.
10.10.10.10.
11.
11.11.11.11.11.11.11.11.
12.
12.12.12.12.
13.
13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4020.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4061. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4102. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4212. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4233. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4424. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4552. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4563. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4584. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4645. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4676. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4697. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4718. XFrames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4802. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4843. JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5014. JavaScript () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
10
13.2. Clientpull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51813.3. SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.14.14.14.
15. XM
15.15.15.15.15.15.15.15.
16. XH
16.16.16.16.16.
17.
17.17.17.17.
A.
B.
C.
D. HTM
E. XH
F.
G.
H.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5292. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5323. XHTML Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5354. . . . . . . . . . 539
L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5472. DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5503. XML DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5514. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5565. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5616. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5647. XML DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5658. XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
TML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
1. XHTML?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5712. XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5733. HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5764. XHTML 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5825. XHTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5872. HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5944. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
HTML/XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
. . 649
L 4.01 DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
TML 1.0 DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Netscape . . . . . . . . . 709
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
HTMLpertex, ,
,
HTMLMarku
(Hypertext Markup Language,) (Extensible Hyt Markup Language, XHTML) .
. . HTML XHTML, , , . . , .
, , . , . . , , . .
, , . . ,
. , HTML. ,
, , . , ,
, , , .
. HTML XHTML (Extensiblep Language, XML). HTML XHTML ,
. , .
12
, , , , HTML XHTML.
XHT .
.
1 WiEle . , . , , . , , .
HTMLML, ,
. (, ).
(HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0), , , .
1 , , HTML XHTML . ,, , , , , .
, HTML XHTML,
, , ,
.
,
, , . HTML XHTML. , , , ,
lliam Strunk Jr. Elwyn Brooks White Thements of Style, , Strunk & White. . . .
13
; , .
, , , ASCII1 . , Op ,
,
1 AS
2 HT(. , Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator Operaera Software ASA. HTML XHTML 2, , . ,
, HTML XHTML . , , .
HTML, WWW , 1. , WWW .
, HTML, XHTML, 2.
, , .
HTML XHTML. . ,
, , .
CII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) .
, ASCII ( , , Microsoft Word, ). Windows ( ) . -. . .
, ML XHTML ( ) . , ) . . - .
14
HTML/XHTML, 1
,
( ,
1 HT
. . , , , .
, ( , ) , , .
, . , , .
, HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0, , .
HTML ) , HTML.
, HTML , XHTML, (/) , .
, .
HTML, , .
ML , , XHTML . HTML, , , .
:
: dirlang
: ;
: plain_text
: head_content
15
, . A.
, HTML XHTML . ,
,
1.
. , , ,
. , , ,
, , . [ , 3.3.1]
. , , . , .
HTML 4.01, 4.0. HTML HTML 4, 4.0 . .
XHTML 0. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) (XHTML 2.0), . XHTML 1.0 HTML 4.01. 16. , XHTML , HTML.
HTML XHTML , . ,
, , . (), (
) (). , () .
, , . ,
16
, , . , .
HTML HTML (Exten
crosof H.
, W Inte (Casca XHTML ,
4.01. W3C , . , HTML , (Extensible Markup Language, XML). XHTMLsible Hypertext Markup Language,
).
XHTML HTML, , . , Netscape Mit W3C, , . TML+ , HTML 3.0
, W3C , HTML 3.0 . 1996 W3C HTML 3.2, (
) HTML (Netscape).
Netscape . Microsoft Internet Explorer Windows
, . , Internet Explorer ( ), .
, 3C , HTML 4.0, 1999 HTML 4.01. , , Netscape
rnet Explorer, , . , ,
ding Style Sheets, CSS). CSS HTML
17
() , .
W3C , HTML HTML
W , , XHTMXML.
1 XM
2 X , . , , . , .
, W3C XML. XML .1
3C. XML , , , (
)
.L HTML, ,
, .
HTML XHTML? . XHTML . HTML , . , XHTML XML HTML 4.01. HTML 4 .2
, ,
, , , ,
L, HTML, ( WWW), : , . XHTML, XML WWW, XML. . . . XML XHTML 15 XML 16
HTML.
18
. HTML HTML , 1 , .
, . , .
, . ? ,
, , . , . ,, HTML/XHTML, , ,
. , . , , ,
, , .
, , . .
HTML , .
HTML, .
deprecated , , ; depre
ed , (, ) C/C++ GCC
GNU, . ( ) ,
. . . .
19
, HTML 4.01 . , HTML,
XHHTML
Jav Definneiks SheetLear
1 CGCG
2 . . , . , .
, ,, , . , HTML
TML. 4.01 XHTML 1.0,
. CSS,
.
, , HTML, . , , CGI1
a. CGI Java HTML
, , . , , , David Flanagan JavaScript: Theitive Guide, Scott Guelich, Shishir Gundavaram, Gunther BirzCGI Programming with Perl2, Eric Meyer Cascading Style
s: The Definitive Guide Pat Niemeyer Jonathan Knudsenning Java, OReilly.
HTML XHTML, , , , . , , . , , .
. , , , .
I (Common Gateway Interface) . , I. . . ., . , . CGI Perl, , 2001.
20
, . , , , , . CDROM OReilly . , .
The Dnedy.
Safari E
Safar safari
OR10Seb807070
htt
boo , , .
, , .
, , ISBN. , HTML & XHTML:efinitive Guide, Sixth Edition, by Chuck Musciano and Bill Ken
Copyright 2007 OReilly Media, Inc., 9780596527327.
nabled Safari Enabled, , OReilly Network Safari Bookshelf.
i , . ,
, , ,
. http://.oreilly.com.
:
eilly Media, Inc.05 Gravenstein Highway Northastopol, CA 95472
09989938 (in the United States or Canada)78290515 (international/local)78290104 (fax)
OReilly , , :
p://www.oreilly.com/catalog/html6
:
21
, , OReilly Network :
http://www.oreilly.com
(
(Ch (Mike ,
. , , , , , , )
. , , ,
HTML. , , .
at Clussman), (Patrick Krekelberg), (Sam Marshall) (Shlomi Fish) . . Loukides) (Tatiana Apandi) . , ,
.
HTM
1.1.
1
L, XHTML World Wide Web
,
( ) . , , , .
. , HTML XHTML,
1 .
, , , , ,
.
, , , . ,
, . , , . . . .
HTML XHTML HTML XHTML
1.1. 23
, .
. , , Wind
,
,
1.1.1.
Resea, . , Microsoft
ows , Linux, Mac OS Windows 3.1, , , , .
, , . - , , . , , .
, .
. , , , , , , .
.
, , , .
. , , . , , .
, . , , ARPAnet (Advancedrch Projects Agency Network, ).
24 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
, , , , .
,
.
1.1.2. HTM CERN ,
1 CE 1993 .
. , 90 , , , , , , ,
, . ( ,
, .)
, . , ?
, , ,
. , , , ,
America Online. , ,
, , .
L . 1 ( ) , .
RN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (.). . ..
1.1. 25
(HyperText Markup Language, HTML), . , , . HTML . , -
Mosai Gop
Mosai.
1.1.3.
. ,
1 FT
2 Go
3 , , . .
, (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, NCSA) , c. HTML, Mosaic
, FTP1 her2 .
, , ,c . , ,
Mosaic .
, , ,
, ,
3 . Mosaic . NCSA Netscape Communications
P (File Transfer Protocol) . . -. . .
pher . . . .. 50 Blue Suede Shoes (Carl Perkins), 5 . . ..
26 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
. , , Microsoft. ,
.
,
1.2. A
1 eti
2 Moham
3 .
, 2005 150 , ,
, .
, , . . , , , 1,
, 2 .
HTML , . , , 3,
, . , . HTML .
, ( pple II), , (Internet Protocol, IP) ,
,
. , netiquette . networkquette (.). . . .
nty Python Flying Circus, , (SPAM spiced).
( www.antispam.ru). . . . , : , . . . . .
1.2. 27
. IP- 1 , 256 , 192.12.248.73 131.58.97.254.
, . ,,
w (edu), ,
ver),
1
2 bo
3
4 als , . , , ,
, . , , . , -
, , .2 , , , , , .3
, . , www.oreilly.com ww, oreilly, , , (com) . (org), (gov) (net). : (ca) (jp) (uk) .4
, (, , Domain name system server, DNS ser IP
IPv4 4 ; Ipv4 Ipv6 6 . . . .
( ): , . . , www.books.ru, www, oks, , , ru. . . . ( ),
, IP, :
IP, . . . .
(ru) (su), (ua), (by) . . , , http://www.webclub.ru/materi-/domaintop/index.html. . . .
28 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
. .1 .
1.2.1.
HTMLNetscMozil
Intern
1 (ww
2 ) D, : , , , . ,
, , .
HTML, , , .
- .
. , Internet Explorer Microsoft, .
, . , , , , ,
. , ape Navigator 8, , NCSA Mosaic, Internet Explorer Microsoft,
la, , Firefox.
, XXI , Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator, HTML.et Explorer .2 HTML, , Netscape, , .
IP (RIPN) w.ripn.net). . . . ( : IE Mozilla: FireFox, SeaMonkey,
, IE (OM Document Object Model). . . .
1.2. 29
1.2.2. , . - , , w
,
,
(plug
1
2 : , . , (DNS),
, , ww.oreilly.com, IP, . ( ) , (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP).
, , (. . ) . , , , , ,
. , . , IP , 1, . , cookies, .
. . , , , .
. (helper program,
wizard ) in sofware, ) 2 (applets, ), , .
, , , .
, , , , ( ) GMT. . . . Java, HTML
. . . .
30 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
HTML XHTML, , , , .
,
1.2.3.
,
1.2.4. .
1 , .
, HTTP , .
, HTML/XHTML .
. ,
, CDROM, ,
. HTML/XHTML.
: , , , . , ,
, .1
, , . , . HTML XHTML , , , , . ., .
HTML , HTML , ,
HTML , , , .
1.2. 31
, , .
1.2.4.1. World Wide Web onsortiumWorld ,
HTTP
www.a
1.2.4. (Inter
IETF
1 Wide Web onsortium (W3C) HTML XHTML. , , , .
HTML XHTML W3C , . , (Extensible Markup Language, XML) ,
. , W3C .
HTML, XML, XHTML, CSS , http:// www.w3c.org.
comp.infosystems.www. comp.infosystems.uthoring.html comp.infosystems.www.authoring.images.
2. net Engineerig Task Force, IETF), . , IETF.
, , , Requests for Comment (RFC,
). , RFC IP .
IETF RFC1, , ,
IETF http://www.ietf.org.
RFC . , RFC . -. . .
32 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
1.3. HTML XHTML HTML XHTML ,
,
,
HTML
W3C HTML
1 , , : , . , , , .
, HTML XHTML, , ? , HTML . HTML SGML, (Standard Generalized Markup Language). SGML, , , . HTML SGML,
.
SGML , , . , , . HTML SGML1,
, HTML .
, SGML HTML, HTML , W3C (XML). SGML, XML , SGML . SGML, , , SGML , .
HTML 4.01 XML. XHTML, HTML XML. XHTML
4.01 , XML. , ,
.
(Document Type Definition, DTD) HTML, D HTML 4.01 DTD,
SGML HTML 4.01.
1.4. HTML XHTML 33
1.4. HTML XHTML ( , ),
1.4.1. HTML
XHTM,
HTML/XHTML , , . ,
. , . , , .
? XHTML
, , , . , , , . CSS.
HTML XHTML . , , . HTML L ,
. , , , , . ,, , . HTML/XHTML : .
HTML XHTML , . ,
FrameMaker Microsoft Word. , . , , HTML XHTML , .
, . HTML XHTML ,
34 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
, , . , , , , .
1.5.
XHTM
,
1.5.1. HTML HTML, 4.01. HTML . , , . HTML . W3C XHTML. , .
XHTML 1.0. , 1.0 L HTML 4.01.
, 16. HTML,
XHTML. , . XHTML, 2.0, W3C, , HTML .
, , HTML XHTML. ,
, .
, , . , .
? : , HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0,
, .
, ,
, . .
, .
1.5. 35
. , , , , HTML/XHTML. , . ,
1.5.2.
H
soft I XHT
1.5.3.
,
1 H .
. : , , , . , .
HTML, Netscape Microsoft, , .
, , , . ,
TML , , , .
, HTML 4.0 W3C . , .1
HTML, Netscape Navigator Micronternet Explorer, HTML 4ML 1,
.
, . , , . , .
, . , , .
TML 4.0 , . . . .
36 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
: , . , , . , , ,
1.5.4.
,
MathM
. , ,
1.6. ,
1.6.1. .
1.1 XHTML : XML. XHTML .
XHTML HTML , . XHTML,
, , . ., XHTML 1.0, .
. , XHTML, , XML , . , W3C
L, , XHTML .
XHTML 1.1 XHTML .
, W3C.
HTML XHTML, , . , , . , HTML, .
, , , .
1.6. # 37
1.6.1.1. WYSIWYG? HTML/XHTML. WYSIWYG1,
,
,
.
1 WY
2 . . , , , . , .
, , . , , , HTML/XHTML, .
, . , ( ) , , , . ,
.
, , , . , ,
, . , ,
2, , , . HTML, . , , , . ( , , HTML). ,
XHTML.
:
(, , ) , ,
, , .
SIWYG (whatyouseeiswhatyouget , ) . . . .
. . - .
38 1. HTML, XHTML World Wide Web
, , . HTML/XHTML, .
1.6.1., ,
Safar M. , In
1.6.2. , XHT 2. , , . , HTML/XHTML, , , , ,
, .
, , Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
i ( Apple), Opera Netscape Navigator, . , icrosoft, Linux, Mac OS, . .
, HTML XHTML . , , , . , ternet Explorer 5!
, ,
. , , ( ) , , . , HTML XHTML. HTMLML, . , , , .
,
2.1. W
HTML
, HTML. , , . HTML
, . HTML, XHTML.
, .
, HTML, XHTML. ,
, . HTML XHTML.
, , . HTML/XHTML , , .
HTML XHTML , . , . YSIWYG , , , , .
HTML
HTML XHTML
, ,
JavaScript
!
40 2.
; , , .
, , , , ple Sa
.
( ,
2.2.
, , HTML XHTML, . , ,
, ,
, .
, . , . .
, .) , .
HTML,
: Hello, World!. , Hello, World! . , , . World Wide Web:
ml>ad>tle>My first HTML documentead>dy>>My first HTML documentlo, World Wide Web! "Hello, World" >
2.2. HTML# 41
Greetings fromO'Reilly
Composed with care by:(insert your name here)
. myfirst.html. . ,
.doc, Microsoft Word, ) ,
HTML.
myfirst.html ( myfirst.htm, 1 , DOS Windows 3.11), ,
File () . (. 2.1). , , , .
8.3, : ,
, , 1 3 . . . .
.1. HTML-
42 2.
2.3. , , , , .
HTML
2.3.1.
HTML
1 HT : , (). [ , 3.3.1]
XHTML : , , , . ,
, , ( ) .
, , Hello, .1 [ , 4.5]
, . , , (=), .
. , ( ), , (/). , .
. HTML , , .
HTML , , , . ,
, . , , , ,
, , , Lynx. , , ,
, , , . . , ML , .
2.4. HTML 43
, HTML , . ?
XHTML , . [ , 16.3.2][
2.4. HTMLHTMLml>,
:
.
HTML
44 2.
. (, , .) , , HTML/XHTML ( ), .
2.5.1.
. 2
2.5.2. )
2.5.3.
, .
, .
, , , . , .1, . , , .
, , . HTML/XHTML (, . , , . , .
, ? HTML? .
, , , ,
, HTML/XHTML. HTML . ,
.
, , . , . .
2.6. 45
2.6. HTML/XHTML . , HTML
HTML(Unic
, ,
.
2.6.1.
1 Un .
. , , ,
, ( , ) , .ode 1
.) HTML XHTML, .
. , , . , , ,
. , . , , .
, HTML, XHTML , .
, , , ,
. , .
, , 8 40 , Helvetica, Geneva, Subway . , ,
icode , , , , ; Unicode , : UTF16, UTF8. Unicode. , , , Unicode. . . .
46 2.
! , , , . ,
. . (,
2.6.1. HTML.
1 . ? . . .
, , , ,
, -) , -
. , , , .
, . , .
HTML 4 ( XHTML 1.0) , . , . , , , .
1. , /XHTML . ,
1 , , , . [ , 4.4]
, , , . ,
, Google.
, . . ..
2.6. 47
, . , . ,
2.6.1. XHT
[
2.6.1. .
, , , , , . .
2. , . , HTML
ML , ( ) , .
, . , ,
, , , , , . , 4.5]
, . , , ,
, .
3. , , , , , .
, , (
48 2.
(>), ( ,
, , , .
. [ , 6.5.2]
, ( ) , : , . .
, . . . .
.4. , top)
2.9. , , 57
2.9. , , , ? ,
,
2.9.1.
.
,
1 . HTML XHTML , , . ; . , , , , . , , , , , .1
, . .
, , ,
, , . ,
, (list item, ) XHTML . . , . [ , 7.1.1] [ , 7.3]
, , , ( ,
XHTML), . , . , . [ , 7.2.1]
. , , :
, , ,
. ,
.
58 2.
(XHTML ). , , . [ , 7.5.1]
2.9.2. HTML,
, 6.6.1]
HTML
1 , . , , , , , . ( ), .
, ,
, . .1
. , HTML XHTML
, , , . [ (),[ , 9.2]
, , , . , .
, , , .
, , , . . [ , 9.2]
/XHTML , ,
. HTML 4.0; , , , .
2.10. 59
, , . ., , . JavaScript .
2.10.
() () ()
() ( HTML ). : , ,
. , , , , (. 2.5). 10.
.5.
60 2.
2.11.
, , , .1
1
. 2 , .
(. 2.6). , ,
. , , , HTML/XHTML. , , . , ,
. , , , , , .
. . , , . . . . .
.6. ,
2.12. JavaScript 61
, , .
, ; .
,
2.12. HXHTM
JavaS
W3C
1 pe er, , , . [ , 11.3.1]
, , ,
. , , , , ,
. , . 2.6 Chapter () Table of Contents () . . 11.
JavaScript , TML JavaScript. , HTML/L , , , . .
, .
cript , . JavaScript, , , JavaScript, .
, , HTML/XHTML (CSS). CSS JavaScript.1 Netscape 4
, JavaScript NetscaNavigator. Internet Explorer Jscript,
JavaScript, . , Jscript, Internet Explor
JavaScript , . . . .
62 2.
JavaScript (JavaScriptbased Style Sheets, JSS), 12, . , : JSS. CSS , ( )
JavaS,
2.13. .
CSS, (h1) :
ml>ad>tle> CSS CSS , , CSS, "" style. >style type="text/css"> /style>ead>dy>> CSS, .> !ody>tml>
, , . .
cript . (
), , . , . JavaScript, , . , 12.
!, . , , . HTML XHTML. , .
HTML (
3.1.
1 885
HTML HTML
XHTML , . ,
WYSIWYG, , .1 , , . ( ,
.) ) , . ,
, . , .
, ,
. . ,
, , , ASCII. , , , ISO91 . , , . F .
XHTML
HTML/XHTML
64 3. HTML#
, , , . , , , .
, , , ,
, . , , .
, , . (, ) (,
).
URL .
, .
, .
, Emacs, . , . , , , , .
, , .
, ,
3.2. HTML# 65
, , , , ?
3.2. HTMLHTML
, . , . . , , . , ,
( ), .
HTML XHTML ,
, . , (italic). simp ( simple
XHTML . 16.
.1. HTML-,
66 3. HTML#
) .
HTML XHTML , .
3.3.1.
(UR
,
HTM(
1 (XM , .
,
, (< >). , , . , .
HTML . , , , , . XHTML ; .
HTML, XHTML , , ; . ,
L) . [ : URL, 6.2]
, , , . , , .
(=).
, width=6, width = 6 width =6 ., , .
.
L, ), .
, , , .1 XHTML
. 1024 .
, , ), L XHTML. . . .
3.3. 67
. , , . HTML.
3.3.2.
, OReilly. href, , URL.
HTML, . , compact, , .
, XHTML. , compact , , .
HTML , , ., XHTML .
, .1
, , , HTML (href HTML , HREFreF). filename name , Filename.
, , .
Table of Contents, ; : , , , . . . .
68 3. HTML#
, , , , , . , . ,
3.3.4.
HTML XHTML , , . , () (), , . ,
. , , , , . , , HTML.
, , XHTML .
HTML . , ,
, ,
, , , .
, :
3.3. 69
XHTML . [ , 16.3.3]
3.3.6. XHT,
. [
,
3.3.7. HTML
1 , , , HTMLML. , .
. ? HTML . HTML .
, , , , , , .
, HTML , 4.1.2]
, HTML , . , , .
. XHTML
, , .
.
, . , . , .1 , .
HTML ( ). ,
. , . ,
, , : . . . .
70 3. HTML#
, .
, ,
3.4. XHTM
, ,
ML. [
HTML
1 , . , , , ,
. , , , . ,
, , . [ , 8.1.2]
XHTMLL HTML. HTML,
, , , XML
.
XML XHTML , (wellformed). , , , HTML , . XHTML
.1 [ , 16.3.3]
, XHTML . , , , HT , 16.3.4]
XHTML, , .
! [ , 16.3.1]
XML XHTML . HTML ,
, ,
: XML , (.. ), , , ,
/>. . . .
3.5. 71
, .1
15 16, XML XHTML ( ).
3.5.
3.5.1. XH
!)
1
2 X , HTML XHTML , . , , ISO88591. ASCII, .2 , , .
, HTML
TML , , , , .
, . , (
, .
. , . , ,
XML (XHTML), , , : XML . -. . .
, , , , . HTMLML/XHTML Unicode UTF8 (ISO 10646), . HTML , ,
; XML . . . .
72 3. HTML#
, , HTML. , , , , HTML XHTML
3.5.2.
H > .)
A
3.5.3. .
, HTML XHTML , , , . (
3.6. HTML/XHTML# 73
. () . , .
:
Intern 1 Ne > , >
, .
, HTML .1
et Explorer . , mment>, Internet Explorer . . , . .
, , .
HTML XHTML ,
. , ( -erverside include, SSI), , .
HTML/XHTML HTML HTML SGML DTD (DTD),
HTML. DTD , HTML. DTD , SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ) :
OCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
tscape , , , .
74 3. HTML#
, DTD HTML 4.01, WorldWide Web Consortium (W3C). DTD HTML, HTML DTD. ,
HTML
, XML.
3.6.1. X
XHTM
, . , , ,
, , HTML 3.0, DTD .
HTML SGML. , DOCTYPE , , .
XHTML, XHTML 15 16, DTD XML XHTML.
, . , HTMLHTML,
.
, , ( , ), HTML. , ,
. ,L .
. ,
.
: HTML XHTML
: dir , lang, version
: ; HTML
: head_tag, body_tag,
3.6. HTML/XHTML# 75
, . , , , .
.2. dir
76 3. HTML#
3.6.1.2. lang , lang , , , . , lang .
)((
3.6.1.
ver
3.7.
3.7.1. , . , ody> .
rict DTD). , HTML 4.01 DTD , (Frameset DTD), ,
(Traditional DTD). D. . . .
3.7. 77
,
, : ,
, . ( ,
) . , .
: ; HTML
: head_content ( )
: html_tag ( )
78 3. HTML#
. ,
N
XML, , DTD (Document Type Definition) . .. .
: ;
: plain_text ( )
: head_content ( )
.3. ?
3.7. 79
3.7.2.1. ? , .
,
3.7.2.
3.7.3. . , .
, , .
, , . 2, 6 , .
, 2: 6: , .
. ; . , ,
, , , . , ,
, .
, , , . , , , , , . , : ,
, , .
2. dir lang dir lang HTML XHTML . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
, , , , , ,
, , .
80 3. HTML#
, , :
( )
(CSS) . , 8.1.2]
; . .
ML 4 XHTML , . .
, . ,
3.9. 81
<
. , , .
, HTML, XHTML. , , dy> , .
: , , , , , , . alink, background, bgcolor, bgproperties, leftmargin, link, text,gin vlink 5, class style, , 8, JavaScript
( ) 12. (dir lang) , (id title) 4. [
, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2] [ id, 4.1.1.4] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
HTML XHTML . , . 11.
4.0 ,
id, lang, leftmargin, link, onBlur, onClick, onDblClick, onFocus, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onLoad,onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, onUnload, style, text, title, topmargin, vlink
: ; HTML
: body_content ( )
: html_tag ( )
82 3. HTML#
. , . (datetime) ,
3.9.1.
Netsc,
3.9.1.
. 3 (cite).
, . HTML 4/XHTML , .
ape 4 , Internet Explorer 4 , , , .
1. cite cite ,
. URL, , /
. cite , .
:
(. . 3.4)
: cite, class, datetime, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown,onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp,style, title
: ;
: body_content ( )
: body_content ( )
.4.
3.9. 83
3.9.1.2. datetime , , , . datetime
YYY MM DD T
hh
mm
SS TZD
200
200
3.9.1. style)
1 .
datetime YYYYMMDDThh:mm:ssTZD. :
Y , 1998 2010.
, 01 12 .
, 01 31.
, , .
24 , 00 23. ( , .)
, 00 59. ( , .)
, 00 59.
. : Z, 1, , ,
.
,
70222T14:26Z
22 2007 14:26 . (EST),
:
70222T19:2605:00
, , .
3. class, dir, event, id, lang, style, title events , HTML XHTML. (title) (id) ; (class,; (lang) ,
( , UTC) (Zulu) , Z.
84 3. HTML#
(dir). 1, , . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang,3.6.1.2] [ id, 4.1.1.4] [ : style, 8.1.1] [
3.9.2.
tetime
[ ]
, . cite datetime , .
, HTML 4 ,
(, , . .),
(event).
. . . .
3.10. 85
di
ISO HTML
HTML This would be readable if in Chinese, perhaps.k to the Western way of reading and writing.
, , , .
: class, dir, id, lang, style, title
: ;
:
: body_content ( )
.5.
,
4.1.
,
1
, . , HTML XHTML . . , , .
( ), , , ,
. . , , . .
,
, . ,
, . , .
, HTML XHTML , . 1,
. . . .
HTML
()
4.1. 87
, , , . , , .
), , ().
, : , div.abstract {leftmargin: +0.5in; fontstyle: italic}); ; , ; .
, 8.
HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0 1.1, . , , , id class, . , .
88 4.
4.1.1.(right, ( 4.1.2) , . align , HTML XHTML, .
2. nowrap Internet Explorer Opera, Firefoxetscape Navigator owrap . , .
nowrap , ,
, , ,
. , , nowrap, . Internet Explorer Opera, wrap, .
Click, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown,onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
: ; HTML
: body_content ( )
:
4.1. 89
4.1.1.3. dir lang dir , , lang . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
4.1.1.
#abstr
i .
4.1.1. 4. id id , , , , . , id , . , , , , ,
, . ,
.
id , URL, . ( , ) ( id , )., ,
, URL : report.htmlact. id id name, . [ , 6.3.3]
d ,
. , , . class id . , id,
8.
5. title title
. id, title .
90 4.
title , , , , . , title,
4.1.1.
. [
4.1.1.
4.1.2. . , , . , , ( ) . HTML XHTML .
on, , . , onmouseover,
ondblclick. . . .
4.1. 91
, () . ,
, .
, , , , , , ., , , HTML,
. , , ,
. . . .TML, , .
KeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
: ; HTML
:
:
92 4.
. , XHTML .
4.1.2.1.
4.1.2..
. 4HTML , , . ,
, , ( , )
, .
, . , (. 4.1), , , .
, .
, .
.
, , . , . [ , 4.6.5] [ , 4.6.1]
2. align
,
.1. /XHTML-
4.1. 93
center
t is the default.
, , . ,
. , , ,
. , ,
, .
, align HTML 4TML. .
3. dir lang dir ,
, lang , . dir lang
.2. align
94 4.
, . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
4.1.2.4. class, id, style title
, [
4.1.2. H
4.1.2.( ). , , , , .
7. , , .
. . . .
4.2. 95
, , , . . , , .
4.2. ,
4.2.1. (
, ,
.
. , ,
, , .
, ( , ). HTML/XHTML, .
5 8, ,
.
, , , , , , () ) , .
, , , . , , / , ,
. .
, , , , , :
: align, class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
: , , , , , ;
:
: body_content ( )
96 4.
.
4.2.1.
Smack in the middle.
.3.
4.2. 97
4.2.1.
4.2.1.
. [
4.2.1.on
. 4 justify align , , . align HTML 4 XHTML. .
2. dir lang dir ,
, lang , . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
3. class, id, style title id , , . [ id, 4.1.1.4]
title . [ title, 4.1.1.5]
style c . class , , , , : style, 8.1.1] [c , 8.3]
4.
, , HTML XHTML. ,
. [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
.4.
98 4.
4.2.2. , , .
, ...
. , , . , . , , , . [ , 3.7.2]
, . . , , . ;
.
, , . ,
. , , , , .
,
4.2. 99
, , , , ), (, , , , , , ,g> ). , , , .
. ,
.
. HTML XHTML, , . , !
.5. HTML/XHTML-
100 4.
. , . . 8.
4.2.5.
4.2.6.
forma
More Information
.6. ,
4.3. 101
, , , .
4.3.
4.3.1. ,
. .
, , W3C, .
, . .
8.
( ) ,
. , . . , . , . , , , .
, , . , ,
. , , .
HTML XHTML , , . , . ,
, .
102 4.
4.3.2. , . , , , , .
,
4.4.
4.4.1. ,
, , , , ,
, . .
, HTML XHTML , , . ( ) . . ,
, , .
, , , . , .
HTML 4.0, () . . , : .
:
,
: class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown,onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
:
:
:
4.4. 103
, , , .
4.4.2.
104 4.
4.4.4. . . (
(
The
the
, . , , ,
, .
t>, 4.5.10] [ , 4.6.5]
. dfn> . .
, , :
.8.
4.4. 105
, . , , , 87% .
.1
4.4.6. .
, , , , . ; , .
. [ , 4.5.4]
, . OReilly
. ( ) .
, ( ), , , .
106 4.
4.4.7. , , . , ,, ,
( ), . ,
.9.
4.4. 107
never Opera , forbidden (. 4.10):
Oneabokumexpthe
4.4.10. p sourcefile destfile
.10. -
.11. ()
108 4.
replacing the sourcefile with the name ofthe source file, and destfile with the nameof the destination file.
4.4.11. :
4.4.12. ,3.6.1.2
4.4.13. ,
4.4.14. Lynx, , , ,
. : , .
class, id, style title , .
style class. [ style, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
, id,
(title), . [ id, 4.1.1.4] [title, 4.1.1.5]
dir lang dir ,
, lang . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang,]
, on
, . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
. , . . 4.1 , .
4.4. 109
4.1.
4.4.15.
4.4.16. , ing>, <
4.4.17.
110 4.
HTML XHTML , . , .
4.5. ,
4.5.1. . : , , ,
:
: class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown,onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
:
:
:
4.5. 111
, . . [, 4.10.3]
, ,
4.5.3. , (. [ , 4.5.2]), ,
, . ,
.
, mall> .
112 4.
.
4.5.7. () , , ( ). , , , , .
: HTML 4 XHTML, .
, , , . .
, .1
sup> . , . . . , , :
74
, foot-html, .
, ,
. , , .
. . . .
4.5. 113
4.5.11. () , , . , , ,
4.5.12. ,lang, 3
4.5.13. sty
4.5.14.
4.5.15. . . HTML 4 XHTML, . , 8.
dir lang dir ,
, lang . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [.6.1.2]
class, id, style title , .
style class. [ : le, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
(id), (title), . [ id, 4.1.1.4] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
, , . , , on , . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
. . 4.2
, .
114 4.
4.2.
HTML
Exp smaller text
strike> )
strike
subscript
superscript
() monospaced
) underlined
.12.
4.6. 115
, , , , , . , .
4.5.18. ,
4.6.
4.6.1. . 16 XHTML.
116 4.
. 4.13.
, ,
, . [ , 4.1.2]
1. clear (
: HTML; XHTML
:
:
.13. ()
4.6. 117
HTML
HT
s text will flow as well, but will be below the image,
ending across the full width of the page.
re will be white space above this text and
the right of the image.
: , . , align left right
). , clear . [ , 5.2.6] [ align (), 10.2.1.1]
XHTML , clear , , :
.14.
118 4.
Paragraph tags separate leading and followingtext flow from the captions.
I'm the caption on top of the image.
4.6. 119
4.6.2. () , , .
After a few moments, the load on your server will begindiminish and will eventually drop to zero.
, HTML.
: ,
:
: ;
:
:
120 4.
, (. 4.16), , , . ,
, . , , ,
. .
, , , , . , . , , .
()br> HTML,
Internet Explorer ( ) .
4.6. 121
, , , , , , , .
, (. 4.17) .
:
: : HTML;
XHTML
: :
.17. Internet Explorer
122 4.
, , , . , , .
4.6.4. du
4.6.5. , , .
, .
, , , .
, .
, , .
, . .
:
: class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown,onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title, width
: ;
: pre_content ( )
:
4.6. 123
, :
The processing program is:
. 4.18.
.1. , , .
, .
(, ,address>), .
, , .
.18.
124 4.
, : < & (&).
, HTM
4.6.5
.
4.6.5
4.6.5 style, 8
4.1.1.4
4.6.5 L/XHTML. process() .
process.c.
.2. width width, , . , , . , , , width. , , , .
width , , .
.3. dir lang dir ,
, lang , . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
.4. class, id, style title , , , . style class. [ :
.1.1] [ , 8.3]
id, (title), . [ id,] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
.5. ,
, . , on
4.6. 125
, . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
4.6.6. ()
obr> , , , , .
:
: align, class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
: ; : body_content ( ) :
126 4.
, , align=center . , align=center . ,
4.6.6lang, 3
4.6.6[
4.1.1.4
4.6.6
4.6.7. < , .
, HTML 3.2, ,
HTML 4 XHTML CSS. HTML, . , .
.1. dir lang dir ,
, lang , . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [.6.1.2]
.2. class, id, style title style
. class .
: style, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
id, (title), . [ id,] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
.3. ,
, . , on , . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
()listing> , HTML 4, , .
4.6. 127
, , .1
,
,
4.6.8.
, , 80 . , "" "&" .
example ().
80 .
. . . .
:
: class, style
: ;
: literal_text ( )1
:
:
: class, style
: ;
: literal_text ( )
:
128 4.
, , , , , . HTML.
4.6.9. text>
4.7.
4.7.1.
() HTML, , . . , , , .
4.7. 129
130 4.
, . , , , cite.
2. dir lang dir ,
, lang . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [
lang, 3.6.1.2]
3. class, id, style title style . class . [
: style, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
title, . [ id,] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
4. ,
,
on , . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
HTML 4.0 . , . , , , HTML XHTML , . , Internet Explorer,
. ,
4.7. 131
Internet Explorer . , , . , , . .
4.7.2quote>
4.7.2
4.7.2 :
[
4.7.2
, , , ( ), . 4.20.
.1. cite cite ,
132 4.
, on , . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
4.8.
, .
4.8.1. . ,
. , ,
. class style ( 8).
:
: class, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown,onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title
: ;
: body_content ( )
: address_content ( )
4.8. 133
, .
, , .
Webmaster'Reillyambridge, Massachusettsddress>
. 4.20 . .
, , , .
, , , . .
1. dir lang dir ,
, lang ,
.20.
134 4.
. [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [lang, 3.6.1.2]
4.8.1.2. class, id, style title[
id, 4.1.1.4
4.8.1.
4.9. ,,
4.9.1. ,
1 , style . class
. : style, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
title, . [ id,] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
3. ,
, . , on , . [ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
, .
, , . : , .
, : () (&). , . , . .1
, , .
4.10. HTML# () 135
, ; , , Latin1 ISO,
4.9.2.
if if
if
4.10.
1 .
, ( )
, (#) , Latin1.1 ! , , . , , () . , Latin1.
a > b, then t = 0a > b, then t = 0
:
a > b, then t = 0
F. , , .
HTML ()
, HTML 3.2 , . HTML 4 ,
, HTML 3.2,
ASCII Latin1. (International Organization for Standartization, ISO)
Latin1 , , . ., , .
. F Latin1 .
136 4.
HTML . .
HTML, .
W3C
4.10.1. ((
, , 40%
4.10.2. , . ,
HTML 4 XHTML , Internet Explorer.
. size, . , 1 7, , .
4.10. HTML# () 137
.
Interncolor nam co
HTML. [
plorer
Intern
UnlIne
138 4.
4.10.3. , . , HTML 4 XHTML, . , , .
, 5.3.1.
.1. size size (17), , , ,
( , 4.10.2). 7, .
, , , ,
.21.
: ,
: class, color, dir, face, id, lang, size, style, title
: ;
:
:
4.10. HTML# () 139
, .
, (. 4.22):
Call me Ishmael.
(. 4.23):
All rights reserved. Unauthorized redistribution of this ument is prohibited. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, the Internet Service Provider.
, , , ,
4.24):
Make sure you always sign and date the form!
7, 7.
1 1.
, size=+1 size=1 .
.22. size
.23.
140 4.
Thesiz
4.10.3 color, ,
1
. 4
. 4 , . , . (. 4.25):
ghost moaned, "oooooooooooooo."
, . [, 4.5.2]
.2. color , .
: , (RGB) . .
RGB1 ,
, RGB, (, Windows9x ). , , sRGB, ICC, . sRGB , RGB. . . .
.24.
.25.
4.10. HTML# () 141
(#). 00 ( ) FF (). . (#000000), (#FFFFFF).
.
4.10.3 Navig
?
Braggadocio Machine, ,
HTML, , , . , ? , ?
142 4.
, , . , Zapf Dingbats , . , , , .
4.10.3
4.10.3
4.1.1.4.4. dir lang dir ,
, lang , . [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2]
.5. class, id, style title
. style class. [ : style, 8.1.1] [ , 8.3]
id, (title), . [ id,] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
.
, 12.
5.1.
5.1.1 , . HTML
144 5. ,
. XHTML , ">" (), ().
,
Thi
this text has space after the rule.
, , , ,
:
: align, class, color , dir, id, lang, noshade, onClick,onDblClick, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, size, style, title, width
: HTML; XHTML
:
: body_content ( )
5.1. 145
5.1.1.
Thifol
size HTML 4 XHTML, .
2. noshade , , , .
, . , , , ( 75 ). , 1/72 (
27 , ). , , 12 , , .
.1.
146 5. ,
noshad HTML
, Internet Explorer noshade , , (. . 5.3). , noshade HTML 4TML,
.
.2.
.3. noshade
5.1. 147
5.1.1.3. width . width,
Theno
, ( ) th , () . HTML ( XHTML). ,
.
, . ,
, . . , , .
.4. ,
148 5. ,
width HTML 4 XHTML, .
5.1.1.4. align
(.
Juice Processing
align HTML 4 XHTML, .
5. color Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator
8, (, Opera)
.5.
5.1. 149
color . , , . G.
5.1.1.
width, . align ,
.
. 5.6 size width.
7. class, dir, event, id, lang, style title
. (title) , (class, style), (lang) (dir). ,, dir lang. [ dir, 3.6.1.1] [ lang, 3.6.1.2] [ : .1.1] [ , 8.3] [ id, 4.1.1.4] [ title, 4.1.1.5]
, , , ,
.6.
150 5. ,
on .[ JavaScript, 12.3.3]
5.1.2.
,
5.1.3.
. 5
5.2. 151
Provided as a public service by the
Kumquat Lovers of America
5.2. .
. 5 , .
HTML XHTML
(
), , , , , ,
, , .
.7.
152 5. ,
. , , , .
5.2.1. H PNG , G
,
5.2.1. XHT,
5. TML, XHTML .
, GIF, JPEG ( ). , . ,IF, PNG JPEG de facto - .
, , . , .
1. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format, GIF) CompuServe. , HTMLML. , (
), , , Windows, GIF Macintosh. GIF , , . GIF
, . , GIF .
GIF .gif ( .GIF), GIF GIF87 GIF89a, , (2.1.2), , .
5.2. 153
GIF, , . (), 256 . :
GIF
5.2.1. (,
1 , . GIF ,
, , .
GIF (. 5.2.1.3). , .
, . , , . GIF.1 .
2. , , GIF : (
), . , . GIF , . GIF , , , . , , , , , . .) GIF.
, , , . , , ,
, , .
, GIF, . ,
, GIF.
154 5. ,
, , , , , . , ,
(
, , , .
, GIF, GIF89), , , ( ), . GIF , . , , . , , .
GIF , , .
, , , , ,
. , .
, , , , ( ),
. , . , .
, GIF89, . GIF,
GIF89, . , , , , ,
. GIF , , , ( ) , . , GIF,
5.2. 155
, , .1
GIF , HTML. ,
5.2.1.
Joint 30 JPEGJPEG
1 SonG , , , , , , . GIF . , . , GIF.
GIF , , . GIF. , ,
GIF, . , ,
. ,
GIF. 17 , .
3. JPEG
Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) , , JPEG . GIF, JPEG
. GIF, JPEG , . JPEG , . , , 200 GIF , JPEG. , . , , , , ,
gline Studios , GIF,IF Animation Studio ( GIF), (Richard Koman).
156 5. ,
, , , .
JPEG , . ,
5.2.1.
,
PNG , , . , , GIF .
JPEG, .jpg ( .JPG), . , JPEG.
4. PNG
PNG (Portable Network Graphics, ) GIF, , GIF . GIF . , 1993 , GIF , Unisys
GIF. , , , . ,
(Thomas Boutell), , PNG.
PNG GIF JPEG ( , , )
(24 RGB, 8 GIF ) . PNG , ( 65 . GIF) ; , ; ,
.
. , PNG,
, .
5.2. 157
5.2.2. , , . , , .
,
,
1 AD, . , . , , , , , . . , , ,
. , !
, , , . 1015 , . , , , .
( ), () ,
, , 100 , ,
. ?
, ,
, , . , ADSL.1
, . , , .
SL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) . , / 1 8 /. . . .
158 5. ,
, , , .
5.2.3. ,
5.2.4.
. , . , , .
, , , .
, , . .
, . ,
, , . , () , , , . ( , , ( ) , , .)
, , , , . .
, (
, ).
, , , .
24 , , (GIF, PNG JPEG), .
5.2. 159
, , GIF PNG. . . (
50
, .
). . , , .
GIF.
, , , , . GIF , , , (
).
. , ( !), , , . ,
, , . ( .)
: , .
,
, , , , , , .
, ,
. ( 5.6.2.)
, . ,
160 5. ,
, , . , 5.2.6.12.
5.2.5. JPE
PNG
5.2.6. , . , ,
.
HTML XHTML GIF,
JPEG. . , , , .
:
: align, alt, border, class, controls , dir, dynsrc ,height, hspace, id, ismap, lang, longdesc , loop ,lowsrc , name , onAbort, onClick, onDblClick, onError, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onLoad, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, src, start , style, title, usemap, vspace, width
: HTML; XHTML
:
:
5.2. 161
, . . , , , , , . , ,
5.2.6,
Herthe
t an exciting moment, to see the boxes of fruit piled high to
.8. ,
162 5. ,
(), , , . , 4.1.1.1.
5.2.6lowsrc
. Netsc
5.2.6 .
alt,
.2. lowsrc , , , Netscape , src ,
. lowsrc, src, URL , Netscape , . , Netscape
, src.
, Netscape 4 , lowsrc. 6, Netscape , lowsrc, , Netscape lowsrc ,
. . ape , height width, .
.3. alt longdesc alt ,
, . , , ,
, alt. , , , , , .
alt .
, Internet Explorer , , . , ,
(. 5.9).
alt 1024 , . .
5.2. 163
,
, ,
li> l>
new.gif !) .
alt (. 5.10):
e we are, on day 17 of the tour, in the kumquat
.9. Internet Explorer
164 5. ,
packing plant:
Wha
. , alt (. . ="").
longdesc alt, . longdesc URL , . 1024 , sc . HTML, XHTML , , , longdesc. ,
, .
.4. align
, .1 HTML
. , , .
, . bottom . , ,
.
.10. , Lynx,
5.2. 165
, align . HTML XHTML align: left, right, top, middle, bottom. left right ,
Explo
. 5 . .
, Opera, Firefox, Netscape Internetrer, , align=bottom , , . . 15.11.
, align=middle. . 5.11, Netscape Opera , . Internet Explorer
.11.
166 5. ,
Fire
textto
textto
center
scaOp
absmid
cplonet
. 5 fox, , (. 5.12).
, :p, center, absmiddle, baseline absbottom ( , ):
p
align=texttop . top,
, . , , texttop top . Opera
texttop, .
Internet Explorer Netscape, center Internet Explorer, Netpe Firefox , middle. , middle .era align=center.
dle
align absmiddle,
. middleenter, . Netscape Opera absmiddle middle, Firefox Internet Exrer . , Firefox Inter Explorer absmiddle , Netscape middle.
.12. Internet Explorer Firefox ,
5.2. 167
bottom
absbot
1
. 5 baseline ( )
bottom baseline , . . absbottom,
, .1 ( , .)
tom
align=absbottom .
(, y), .
v y. Opera, , absbottom, (. 5.13).
(descender) . . . .
.13. alingn=absbottom
168 5. ,
top middle , . align=bottom ( ) . , ,
5.2.6
kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar in appearance to ay orange. The similarity ends with its appearance, however. While oranges generally sweet, kumquats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired te, to be sure.
, ( ) , , .
.14.
5.2. 169
dy!
. 5.16.
, , .
.15. ,
.16.
170 5. ,
5.2.6.6. , align? middle absmiddle ,
Kum
t everyone should strive to eat!
.7. align ML 4 XHTML align . . HTML . , align , . , .
, align ? WYSIWYG HTML/XHTML. , , (. 10). W3C , . , marginleft .
(CSS) , 8.
.8. border , ( ), , ,
5.2. 171
. border , , (border=0) . , HTML XHTML ( ),
. 5
>href="test.html">img src="pics/kumquat.gif" border="8" />
>
.9. ,
, border=0. , , . .
.17.
172 5. ,
, , , . , , . , , , ,
5.2.6
5.2.6
1 .
, .
.
.10. height width , , ? , , . , . ,
.1 , , . .
height width .
, . , . , , .
.11. , height width, , . . , .
, , .
5.2. 173
. ,, , , , , , .
height
.
width height, . , , .
.12. width height height width , .
Netscape 3 , color .
.18.
174 5. ,
, , . , , , .
5.2.6
kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar
appearance to a tiny orange. The similarity ends with its
earance, however. While oranges are generally sweet,
quats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired taste,
be sure. Most folks, at first taste, wonder how you could
r eat another, let alone enjoy it!
.19 , .
5.2. 175
5.2.6
>
, ismap. in/images/map2 ) .
ismap , . ,
.19. vspace hspace
176 5. ,
, . , HTML ( ) URL. usemap URL, .
area coords="0,0,49,49" href="link1.html">area coords="50,0,99,49" href="link2.html">area coords="0,50,49,99" href="link3.html">area coords="50,50,99,99" href="link4.html">ap>
ismap usemap. , , ,
.
usemap ,
, , ismap, CDROM.1
, , 6.5, , .
.15. class, dir, event, id, lang, style title id) (title)
: usemap, , , , ,
ismap ; , , . . . .
5.2. 177
, (class, style), (lang) (dir). , , , ,
[
5.2.6
scape id1
JavaScriptkumquat, . JavaScript, id.
JavaScript.
. JavaScript, .
onAbort, , , , Stop. , , onAbort, ,
, , , ( 6.5):
ML 4.01 name , Netscape .
178 5. ,
onError ,
5.2.6
5.2.7. Intern HTMLExplo
, Internet Explorer, , . [ , 12.2]
, , L, , . . , , Internet Explorer, ,
; , . . . .
5.2. 179
5.2.7.1. dynsrc dynsrc, , (AVI, MPG MPEG, MOV, WMV .) Internet Explorer. URL
180 5. ,
5.2.7.3. loopInternet Explorer . A loop , ,
5.3. 181
5.2.7.5. , Internet Explorer , , ,
HTML 4 XHTML , , , , , , . , . , , .
, ,
, . [ , 3.8.1]
1. bgcolor ( ) r . color , bgcolor
, (RGB) . G
RGB , bgcolor.
182 5. ,
. , RGB, :
, , :
2. background , back .
background URL . ( ) , .
, , . , , .
5.20 5.21 , , , :
.20.
.21.
5.3. 183
:
. ,
Kumquat Lore centuries, many myths and legends have arisen around the kumquat.
vertical_fountain.gif , , , , . 5.22.
, ,
(. 5.23).
background HTML 4 XHTML, .
.22.
.23.
184 5. ,
5.3.1.3. bgproperties bgproperties . background. bgproperties , fixed.
, , .
text HTML 4 XHTML, .
5. link, vlink alink link, vlink alink ) . , RGB , text bgcolor.
link , . vlink , alink , . . .
, , . , .
HTML 4 XHTML, .
5.3. 185
5.3.1.6. leftmargin Internet Explorer leftmargin , .
50
topmargin. 0.
.24. leftmargin
186 5. ,
5.3.1.
5.3.1.
bgcolo
5.3.2. 40
. 58. style class CSS. style , ( ) (
). class . ( , ?) style 8.
9. background bgcolor , , , . , r . ( ),
. , bgcolor,
, , , .
, ( : , !), HTML
.25. topmargin
5.3. 187
( 13 22 , !).
, , .
5.3.2
5.3.2 . , , , , , , .
, , , .
.1. , .
, , ,
.
, , . , .
, . ,
, , . , ,
.
( , ), .
, , .
. , ,
.
.2. , , .
188 5. ,
, . , , ?
, , ,
16
5.3.2
1 , , .
, , .
, . , , . : , . .
, , ,
. (,
VGA) !