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AgendaSESSION 1
Introduction
Nothing new under the Sun
Computer Components
Computer Types
The Secret?
But why do they all seem so different?
1
Introduction
tell you “Click X to do Y“
teach you step-by-step how to send an email/Skype your son/etc
advise you on the best computer
etc…
2
Why Not?Because nobody can remember that stuff
It will be different next week
Everyone’s needs are different
“I can’t be bothered with all this medical stuff, show me how to do brain surgery”
These Sessions Will Not:
IntroductionShow you HOW to be comfortable with new technologies
Show you WHY the new ways may be advantageous for you
Help overcome the fear
Accept change
By Explaining the jargon
Introducing the concepts
Getting you to think “Oh, this is like…”
Showing you can’t “break” a computer… usually
These Sessions Will Try to:
3
There’s Nothing New Under The Sun
How have computers changed what we do?
They HAVEN’T changed WHAT
They HAVE changed HOW
So you don’t HAVE to embrace them… it’s your choice.
Don’t be pressured.
5
What Do We Do With Computers
We eat
We work
We play games
We read
We write letters
We shop
We listen to music
We go to the theatre
We entertained ourselves at home
We watch TV and films
6
What Did We Do Before Computers
We ate
We went to work
We played games
We read
We wrote letters
We shopped
We listened to music
We went to the theatre and films
We entertained ourselves at home
We watched TV and videos7
Before The TelephoneWe ate
We went to work
We played games
We read
We wrote letters
We shopped
We listened to music
We went to the theatre
We watched films at the cinema
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Before TrainsWe ate
We went to work
We played games
We read
We wrote letters
We shopped
We listened to music
We went to the theatre
We sang around the piano9
The Secret of Computers?
All computers work the same way They follow recipes/patterns/instructions…
… and it is:
Like cooking a meal
Like playing a piece of music
Like knitting a scarf
Like building IKEA furniture10
Cooks work the same way! They follow a recipe
Initially recipes are in cookery books on a shelf
The book with the recipe is taken from the shelf
The cook opens the book at the right page, reads the recipe from the book and follows it
The cook writes any changes to recipe into the book
The book with the modified recipe is put back on the shelf
11
Computers work the same way! They follow instructions
Initially all data (apps and information) is on storage devices
Data is loaded into memory
Processor reads app from memory and follows instructions, using data when required
Processor writes data into memory
New data is saved to storage device
12
Cooking vs Computers
13
Cooking ComputersInitially recipes are in cookery books on a shelf
Initially all data is on storage devices
The book with the recipe is taken from the shelf and put on work surface
Data is loaded into memory and displayed on desktop
The cook opens the book at the right page, reads the recipe from the book and follows it
Processor reads app from memory and follows instructions, using data when required
The cook writes any changes to recipe into the book
Processor writes data into memory
The book with the modified recipe is put back on the shelf
New data is saved to storage device
An App or Program
14
A set of instructions to achieve a result
Like a recipe in cooking
Or a pattern in knitting
Or a blueprint in building
Or a score in music
A set of Apps is like a set of kitchen tools or musical instruments… probably more than one can do the job but one is perfect.
Computers vs Eating
15
Computers EatingMainframe RestaurantMidframe Snack Bar
Server TakeawayWorkstation Designer Kitchen
Desktop Normal KitchenLaptop Camping Stove
Smartphone All of the above but the plates are tiny!
Tablet A BIG Smartphone
Personal Computers
The First “Computers”
A job - a human who performed calculations or computations (1613) e.g. log tables
Babbage’s Difference Engine (1822)
17
First Programable ComputersJacquard Loom
Punched cards
Pianola
Punched paper roll
Colossus
Pinboard and paper tape
at Bletchley Park used by Alan Turing and the code breakers
18
Computer ComponentsMEMORY
•Fast, expensive, forgets when powered offSTORAGE
•Slow, cheap, remembers when powered offPROCESSOR
•Does as it is told to by the appDISPLAY
•Displays what the app wantsKEYBOARD
•Relays your wishes to the appsPOINTER
• Identifies the bit you are interested in•APP ( OR PROGRAM)
•The set of instructions to perform a task - the recipe or pattern19
Memory
Fast, expensive and needs power
Usually called Random Access Memory (RAM)
Its the processor’s scratchpad and data source
20
IBM 360/65 1KB
Modern Laptop 8GB
x 8,000,000=
StorageThe generic name for anything that holds data after being powered off.
Wire recorder
Tape recorder
Personal computers originally had a “floppy”
Usually seen as a hard drive
Can also be tape
Or CDROM/DVD
Or “CLOUD”
Or … TBD
21
Floppies
x 1,000,000 =
1.4MB
1TB Hard Drive
The Processor - the brain
Reads the program and data from memory
Executes the instructions
Stores the results in memory
22
1980
2014
Some Jargon - UnitsBytes
1 Character
Kilobytes
1000 bytes
Megabytes
1000 kilobytes
Gigabytes
1000 megabytes
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24
A Kilobyte(KB)- An average email text is about 2 kilobytes A 5-page paper might be 100 kilobytes
24
1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte1ByteMy first thought was how did the Apollo computer compare to the iPhone? It turns out that's a really tough comparison to make. The iPhone is so advanced compared to the computer used in Apollo's guidance system that it's hard to believe they both came from the same planet -- at roughly the same period in time when viewed in contrast to man's time line on Earth. To really make a comparison that makes much sense it's much easier to look at the home computers of the late 1970's and early 1980's. Take Intel's venerable 8086 for example -- you might know it better as "x86". Released in 1979, just a decade after Apollo 11's trip to the Moon, the 8086's cousin, the 8088, formed the basis for the IBM PC we all know and love. When the IBM PC "XT" was released in 1981, the lowest end configuration had 8 times more memory than Apollo's Guidance Computer -- 16k, vs the Apollo's 2k. The read-only storage of the AGC was 32k, I
1000 KiloBytes = 1 Megabyte1KB
A Megabyte (MB) - audio is about 1 megabyte per minute A high quality digital picture is about 2-5 megabytes
Apollo 11 Guidance Computer 2KB
First IBM PC 16KB
"640K ought to be enough for anybody.” Bill Gates, 1981 (denied)
A Gigabyte - High definition video is about 10 gigabytes a minute
26
1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte1MB
BBC Micro 32MB
A Terrabyte (TB)
2727
1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terrabyte1GB
Dell Laptop 1GB RAM
Biggest XP Laptop 4GB RAM1 minute HD Movie 10GB
A MainframeAs big as a house
Lots of big boxes
££££££££ in price
Used for complex calculations
Cards In and Out (I/O)
Disk and Tape Storage
Used by many people at the same time using terminals or text-only Visual Display Units (VDU)
IBM introduced a standard architecture - and took over the world for 3 decades.
28
IBM 360/65
IBM 3279 VDU
A MiniGeneric name for a number of expensive but limited use computers that were smaller than a mainframe
e.g. DEC PDP, English Electric 4Pi, ….
29
A ServerFaster, more storage, more memory
Lots in one room
Used to save and process all types of data
Processor and Storage
No keyboard or display
Network connected
Replaced Mainframes
Professionally managed
30
A WorkstationFor complex tasks
Faster, more storage, more memory
Used by graphics designers, video editors, special effect engineers, scientists
Used to save and process lots of complex data
High resolution screens
31
A DesktopThe first Personal “Home” computer
A simplified workstation
Designed by “Mainframe thinking”
It looked like a VDU
Several Components
Screen
Keyboard
Box of bits - the system unit
IBM introduced a standard architecture
But a mainframe-based text user interface
TRS-80
Apple II
IBM PC
32
A LaptopAll components in one box
Portable
More expensive than a desktop
More convenient than a desktop
Quieter than a desktop
BUT… all the same type of components
Apple Macbook
Dell Latitude
33
Small is goodPortable laptops changed the way people used computers
People were not tied to their homes or offices
People really had a Personal computer
This was a major new revenue source for manufacturers
If small is good then smaller must be better
34
A Netbook or NotebookJust a small laptop
Smaller keyboard
Smaller screen
No CD drive
Less expensive than laptop
35
A ChromebookA new concept from Google
All the normal components EXCEPT for storage
All data is stored online - at Google in their CLOUD
36
TabletsJust the same inside as Mainframes, Servers, Desktops, Laptops and Notebooks - but repackaged
BUT a different operating system and user interface AND memory that remembers AFTER power is removed
37