La Oración

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LA ORACIÓNSub- Programa 2: Dominio Instrumental del Idioma Inglés

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Categorías Gramaticales

Verbos Auxiliares

Verbos Modales

Tipos de Oraciones

Tiempos Verbales

LOGOLa Oración

Una oración es una unidad del lenguaje constituida por un conjunto de palabras que se caracteriza por poseer sentido completo. Inicia con letra

en mayúscula y culmina con un punto, signo de interrogación o exclamación.

Sujeto

Ejemplo:

Today, the Internet and the World Wide Web are formidable forcesin business and education. It is estimated that 20% of thepopulation of the US uses the Internet. Outside of North Americathe numbers decrease dramatically, to 9% in the UK and Germany,3% in France, to absolutely privileged use elsewhere.

Verbo Complemento

LOGOCategorías Gramaticales

SustantivoPronombre

VerboAdjetivo

Adverbio

PreposiciónConjunción

Interjección

Sustantivo

El sustantivo o nombre es la parte de la oración que puede funcionar (con o sin artículo- a, an, the) como núcleo del sujeto u objeto de la oración.

Singular:

Plural:

The Internet A Teacher An engineer Education

Teachers TechnologiesPersonPeople

PrincePrincess


Pronombres

Son palabras que sustituyen a sustantivos o frases nominales.

Personales Posesivos Objetos Reflexivos

I Mine Me Myself

You Yours You Yourself

He His Him Himself

She Hers Her Herself

It Its It Itself

We Ours Us Ourselves

You Yours You Yourselves

They Theirs Them themselves

Demostrativos Indefinidos

This One

These Oneself

That One´s

Those


El Verbo

Parte de la oración que indica sentimientos (love, hate), movimiento y acción (run), existencia (be) y afirmación (cuando se usa un verbo para

afirmar el significado del mismo, por ejemplo: (you love him).

Those who have resources for acquiring the best educational materials are also more likely to be able to afford the subscription

fees to Internet Service Providers (ISP)

Ejemplo:


Adjetivo

-En inglés, los adjetivos son palabras invariables, es decir, sólo tienen unaforma única (singular).-Los adjetivos siempre van delante del sustantivo al que estánmodificando, sin embargo si se está describiendo y se coloca el verbo to be,el adjetivo debe ir luego de éste.-Generalmente, cuando el adjetivo posee“-er”, “-est”. Ejemplo: Old- OlderOldest, indica un mayor grado de profundidad.

Ejemplo:This one-way delivery system is the first far-reaching effort nowpossible, that can be used to enhance the world's accessinfrastructure and satisfy the schooling requirements throughoutan entire country not just in the cities.


Adverbios

Adverbios

de modo

Adverbios

de

tiempo

Adverbios

de Lugar

Adverbios

de grado

Adverbios

de

frecuencia

Adverbios

relativos

Adverbios

interrogativos

Accidentally

Ultimately

Slowly

Loudly

Mortally

Now

Then

Already

Yesterday

Tomorrow

Soon

*There

Here

Nearby

Faraway

Abroad

Down

Quite

Rather

Enough

Very

Much

Nearly

Always

Never

Often

Frequently

Seldom

Sometimes

*When

Where

Why

How

What

Who

When

Where

Why

How

What

Who

Al Inicio *En el medio Al final

- adverbio de tiempo - adverbio de modo

- adverbio de frecuencia

- adverbio de modo

- adverbio de lugar

- adverbio de tiempo

Ubicación de los Adverbios:


Preposiciones

Son elementos que sirven de enlace entre dos palabras o distintos elementos en la oración

Conjunción

Funcionan como conectores de palabras, frases o clausulas (primarias o secundarias).

Ejemplo:

Ejemplo:Sometimes there are two foramina on the posterior surface or one on the posterior

and another on the inferior surface.

Studies of nursing home patients with physical illnesses have shown that the presence of depression substantially increased the likelihood of death from those

illnesses.


Verbos Auxiliares Primarios

Los verbos auxiliares ingleses son: to be (ser o estar), to have (tener o haber) y to do (hacer). Se llaman verbos auxiliares porque nos ayudan a

conjugar los tiempos compuestos.

To be = Ser, estar To have = tener, haber To do = hacer

Present Past Present Past Present Past

I am I was I have I had I do I did

You are You were You have You had You do I did

He is He was He has He had He does He did

She is She was She has She had She does She did

It is It was It has It had It does It did

We are We were We have We had We do We did

You are You were You have You had You do You did

They are They were They have They had They do They did


Verbos Modales

Se usan para describir el grado de certeza: seguro, probable, posible o imposible y para expresar la obligación y la libertad de acción.No se

conjuganGrados de Certeza:Certeza total: must, mustn't, will, won't, can, can't. Probabilidad, posibilidad: Should, shouldn't, may, may not, can Condicionalidad o posibilidad: Would, wouldn't, could, couldn't. Grados de obligación:Obligación fuerte: must Prohibición: must not, can't Voluntad, insistencia y ofrecimientos: will, would Habilidad: can

Ejemplo:Because of their change in circumstances and the fact that they're expected to slow down, doctors and family may miss the diagnosis of depression in elderly people,

delaying effective treatment.

LOGOCategorías Gamaticales

Verbos Frasales

Son expresiones idiomáticas que se forman combinando verbos con preposiciones o adverbios.

Verbos compuestos inseparables: “look after” , “take care”, “go in”

Ejemplos: He preferred to go in for civil engineering(Él se interesó por (se especializó) ingenieria civil)

Verbos compuestos separablesEn este tipo de verbos compuestos el complemento de objeto directo va entre el verbo y

el complemento.Un ejemplo es “set apart” con el sentido de “distinguir” o “caracterizar”:The quality of their products sets Rolex apart from other watch makers.

Verbos intransitivosSe pueden utilizar sin un complemento de objeto directo.Por ejemplo "make up" en el sentido de “hacer las paces”:When mom and dad have an argument, they usually make up the following day.


Verbos Regulares e Irregulares

VERBO PRESENTE PASADO SIMPLE

PARTICIPIO ESPAÑOL

askinvite playwant

ask / asks invite / invites play / plays want / wants

AskedInvitedPlayedWanted

askedinvitedplayedwanted

Pedir, preguntar Invitar Jugar Querer

INFINITIVO PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADOArise arose arisen Elevarse, surgir, originarse.become became become Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse

en.Begin began begun Empezar, iniciar.Bet bet bet Apostar

Regulares

Irregulares


Tiempos Verbales

Present Simple/Presente Simple

John plans the class every day.

Present continuous /Presente Simple

John is planning the class right now .

Simple Past/Pasado Simple

John planned the class yesterday

Past Continuous/Pasado continuo

John was planning the class at eight o´clock last night


Tiempos Verbales

Present Perfect/Presente Perfecto

Past Perfect /Pasado Perfecto

Present Perfect Continous/Pasado Perfecto Continuo

Past Perfect Continous/Pasado Perfecto continuo

John has planned the class this morning.

John had planned the class at 2 o´clock in the afternoon

John has been planning the class for 2 hours

John had been planning the class that morning


Tiempos Verbales

Simple Future/ Futuro Simple

Future Continuous/ Futuro Continuo

Future Perfect/ Futuro Perfecto

Future Perfect Continous/Futuro Perfecto continuo

John will plan the class

John will be planning the class by this time tomorrow.

John will have planned the class at 10:30 tonight

Tomorrow, John will have been plannig the class for a week

LOGOLa Oración

Tipos de Oraciones

By Structure/ Según su EstructuraSimple:

he had no trouble moving around the new dimension.

Compound/Compuesta:

He had no trouble moving around the new dimension andC.I

he wanted more of it.C.I

Complex/ComplejaThose are very small numbers anyway, ifC.I

we consider the potential of the Web for making knowledgeC.D

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