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Lecture 4 (validity dhivehi)

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Page 1: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ީޓ� ިޑ� ިލ� ެވ�؟ ްއ ެޗ� ްއ ްއ� ްނ ؟ޮކ ެވ� ްއ ؟ޮކ� ްއ ްނ� ިހ� ޮކ�

Page 2: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ްއ ްއ� ަފ� ުމ� ިސ� ްއ ިހ� ުމ�VALIDITY

ުރ� ަޓ� ްއ�ްއ�Sound

ާވ� ްނ� ެގ� ީށ ަކ� ްއ�Appropriate

ްނ� ަމ� ަކ� ަހ� ަމ� ަހ�Fair

ްއ� ެލ�ަޓ ްއ� ަކ�ްއ� ަޓ ްއ� ަޓ� ްނ� ަކ�ުރ� ެލ� ްއ� ަބ�ަހ� ަމ� ެޖ� ަހ� ްތ� ަހ�Adequate

ަމ� ަހ� ުރ� ުފ�Complete

?

Page 3: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ރ ެޗ� ެގ� ްނ� ިޑީޓ� ިލ� ެވ�(Characteristics)

ީށ� 1. ޮކ� ަތ� ްއ� ެވ� ްނ ްނ� ުޅ� ރ� ެގ� ެގ� ިހ� ުމ� ްނ� ަފ� ޭބ� ުމ�ްއ� ިހ� ުމ� ްނ ުމ�ްނ� ްނ ްއ ްނ� ރ� ެގ ަތ� ާޖ� ްއ�ްއ� ޭދ�ަތ� ަތ� ެގ� ްނ� ީޓ� ިސ ްނ� ީޓ� ްނ ެވ� ެގ� ެވ� �ްނ ީޓ� ޭބ� ިޑ� ިލ� ެވ�

. ެވ� ީށ� ެޗ� ްއ ެގ� ުމ� ުމ� ެވ�

.2 : ީށ ެޗ� ްއ ެގ� ުމ� ރ� ެވ� ްނ ޮކ� ުމ� ްނ� ްއ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ިޑ� ޮކ� ިޑ� ިލ� ެވ� ީޓ� ިޑ� ިލ� ްއ� ެވ� ިހ�ީޓ� ިޑ� ިލ� ރ�ީޓ ެވ� ުމ ިޑ�ީޓ� ިޑ� ިލ� ިލ" ެވ�

ީށ3 ެޗ� ްއ ެގ� ުމ� ުމ� ުމ� ްނ ުމ�ްނ� ްނ ަތ� ްނ� ެވ� ޮކ� ްނ� ުމ� ްނ� ޭބ� ިސ� ްއ �ޮކ� ިހ ިލ�ްނ� ެވ� ިޑ�ީޓ� ޭބ� ިލ� . ެވ�. ޭދ� ުމ� �ޮކ ަތ� ރ� ްނ� ެގ� ިހ� ޭބ� �ިސ ެގ� ިހ� ްނ ޭދ� ޮކ� ުމ�ްނ� ްއ� ްނ ްނ� ްނ ެގ ަތ ޮކ� ްއ� ީޓ ިސ ޭބ� ީޓ� �ިސ ިލ� : ިހ� �ިސ ުމ�

4. ެވ� ުމ� ުމ� ްނ ުމ� ްނ� ްނ ްއ� ްނ� ެގ� ްއ ިލ�ެގ ަތ� ުމ ޭދ� ާޖ� ްއ� ުމ� ޮކ ްއ� ރިސ �ްނީޓ ީޓ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ޮކ� ްއ� ީޓ� ްއ� ިޑ� ިލ� . ެވ�ޮކ� 5 ްއ� ީޓ ްޕ ިސ� ްނ ޮކ ީޓ� ުމ� ިޑ� ިލ� .3. ެވ� ްއ ީޓ� ްޕ ިސ� ްނ ެވ� ޮކ ްއ� ަފ� ިލ�ެވ� ޮކ� ްނ ްއ� ެގ� ުޅ� ްނ ެގ� ޭޒ�ަޝ� ްންއ� ެގ� ިލ ްއ" ްނ� ަޝ� ަފ� ރ ްޕ

Page 4: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ަތ ެގ �ރ ޮކ� ްނ ޭޒ� ީޓ� ެވ� ިޑ� ިލ� ެވ�•1) ަތ� ްއ� ެވ�ޭބ� ިލ� ޮކ� ީޓ� ) ްއ� ިޑ� ިލ� ީޓ ެވ� ްނ ީޓ� ްނ ޮކ•2) ްއ� ެގ� ުމ� ރ� ޮކ� ރ� ަޔ� ްއ ީޓ� ) ަތ� ިޑ� ިލ� ީޓ ެވ� ޮކ ރ� ީޓ ިސ ްނ ޮކްޕ 3• ަޝ� ްނ ިލ�ަޝ� ްނ ރ� ްއ� ރ� ީޓ� ްއ� ރ� ީޓ ޮކ ްނ ުމ�� ިސ ިސ� ްއ�

) ްނ ުޅ� ްއ�ްއ� ެގ� ރ� ީޓ� ްއ� ރ� )ޮކ•4 �ްނ ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ީޓ� )ޭދ� ިޑ� ިލ� ިލ ެވ� ަޝ� ްނ ްއ� ޮކ� ިސ� ްނ ޮކ

) ީށ ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެޗ� ީޓ�

Page 5: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ްއ ަތ� ްއ ަތ� ްނ ރ� ޮކ� ަފ" ރ� ިސ� ީށ ްއ� ިޑީޓ� ްއ� ިލ� ެވ�ެގ�1• ރ� ީޓ ްޕ�ްޕ� ިސ ީޓ�ްނ ެވ� ްނ� ަފ� �ޭދ� ިސ �ަޝ ރ� ްއ�ްނ ެވ� ަތ� ީށ ޭދ� ުމ� ެވ� ްނ ޭދ�ިހ� ެގ ަތ� ްއ� ަފ� ރ� ަތ� ިލ� ްއ� ުމ ަތ� ާޖ� ެވ� ަތ� ްނ� ިސ ެވ�ޭބ� ްއ� ަފ� ީށ ޮކ ްނ ްނ� ޭބ�ްނ ަފ�ެވ� ީށ ޮކ ަތ ރ� �ޭބ ެވ�ިލ� ްއ� ީށ ިސ� ެވ�ެގ ަތ� ޭދ�ިހ� ީށ ުމ�ްނ� ެގ ަތ� ްނ� ރ� ެގ� ެވ� ެގ ަތ� ްއ ްއ�ްނ ަތ� ްނ� ަފ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ޮކ� ަތ� ެގ� ެވ� ެވ� ްނ ެގ� ީށ� ޮކ� ީށ ްއ� ުމ� ރ� ޮކ� ުމ� ިހ� ރ� ީޓ ަފ� ިސ ީޓ� ީޓ ިސ ިޑ� ީޓ� ީށ ުމ�ޭބ ޮކ� ަތ� ްއ� ( ެގ� ޭބ� ިލ�ެޗ ީށ ްނ ިލ�ޮކ� �ިސ ްއ�ްނިސ )ުމ� ިޑ ުމ� ިހ� ިސ� ްނ ަފ� ރ� ޮކ� ީޓ ިސ ީޓ�

ްނ ެވ� ްއ� ަފ� ެވ� �ިސ ރ" ޭބ� �ެވ ްނ ެގ� ީށ� ޮކ� ުމ� ްއ� ްއ ީށ ްއ� ުމ� ިލ� ީށ ޭބ� ަތ� ަތ� ިސ� ެގ� ެގ� ުމ� ީޓ ިސ ޮކ� ީޓ� ރ� ްއ�ިލ�ަތ� ޮކ� ްނ ްނ� ްނ ޭބ� ރ� ޮކ� ީޓ ިސ ީޓ�

ްނ ެވ� ްނ� ީށ ޮކ� ްއ�ިލ�ަތ�ްއ ޮކ� ަތ� ެވ�ިލ� ެވ� ިސ� ްއ� ަފ�� ީށ ޮކ ރ� ަޔ� ްއ ީށ ަތ� ޮކ ްއ ރ� ޭދ� ެވ� ްނ ަފ�ްއ ީޓ ްއ� ިސ ރ� ީޓ� ުމ�ޮކ�ަތ ެވ�ެގ ްއ� ަފ� �ރ ަތ� ެވ�ިލ� ްއ� ްއ� ިސ� ެގ� ރ� ީޓ ްޕ�ްޕ� ިސ ީޓ�ްނ ެވ� ްއ� ަފ� ެވ� ިލ(ިސ ޭދ� ެވ� ޮކ ިހ� ަފ� ެގ� ީށ ުމ� ެވ�ޭބ� ާޖ�

Page 6: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ްއ�2• ެގ� ުމ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ިސ ޮކ� ުމ�ްއ� ުމ�ރޮކ ރ� ޮކ� ރ� �ަޔ ްއ ަތ�ަތ� ެގ� ެވ�ިހ� ެވ� ްއ� ްނ� ޭދ� ްނ ޭދ� ޭދ�ޮކ� ީށ ްއ� ްއ� ިހ� ްއ�ްނ ޭދ� ިހ� ރ� ޮކ� ުމ� ަތ� ްއ ޮކ� �ޭދ ެގ� ިހ� ުމ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ިސ ޮކ� ުމ�ރޮކ

ީށ ެޗ� ްއ ެގ� ުމ� ރ� ެވ� ްނ ޮކ� ުމ� ްނ� ްއ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ިޑ� ޮކ� ިޑ� ިލ� :ެވ�

Page 7: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ްއ� ެގ� ުމ� ްނ� ޭދ� ެވ�ޭބ� ްނ ާޖ� ޭދ� ޮކ�ަތ� ިލ� �ްނ� ިހ �ިސ ަފ ެގ� ްނ� ިހ� ެވ� ޭދ� ެގ� ްއ� ްނ ޭދ� ޮކ�ްއ�ރ ޭބ� ޭޒ�ުމ ަފ" ެގ ްއ�ިލ ެވ� ްނ ިލ� ެވ�ަޝ� ިޑ� ުމ"

Page 8: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

Consequential validity

ޭދ� • ްއ�ްއ� ުމ� �ާޖ ަތ� ްނ� ްނ� �ޭދ ުމ� ޮކ� ްނ ްނ� ުމ� ރ� ޮކ� ްނ ޭޒ� ީޓ ެވ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ�) ީށ ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ްއ� ޭދ� �ްނ ްނ ރ� ެޗ� ުމ� )ީޓ� ްއ ިހ� ްނ ުމ� ްނ� ެވ�ިސ

ރ�• ިސ� ެވ�ްއ� ޭދ� ްއ� ްނ� �ރ ިސ� ެވ� ްއ� ޭދ� ްއ�ްނ• ެވ� ީށ ޮކ� ރ� �ުޅ� ޭބ ްއ� ީށ ުމ� ްނ� ެގ� ްނ ްއ� ރ� ެވ� ރ� : ޭދ� ިލ� �ިސ ުމ�

) ްނ ެވ� ްނ� ރ� ިހ� ރ� ްއ ަޤ� ްއ )ުމ� ަތ� ްއ� ެވ�ޭދ�ޭބ� ަޔ� ޮކ�ޭދ� ޭދ� ްއ� ެގ� ްނ ޭދ� ިހ� ޮކ� ާޖ� ްނ ރ� ޮކ� ޮކ� ްނ ެވ� ޮކ(ިލ� ްނ ިސ ެގ� ެވ� ްނ� ަފ�ިސ

ްނ ެވ� ރ� ަތ� ްއ�

Page 9: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ީށ • ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ްނ ޭދ� ީޓ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ޮކ� ްއ� ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެޗ� ީޓ� . ެވ� ްނ� ްނ ުޅ� ަފ� ެވ�ްނ� ޭބ� ިލ�ްއ ްނެގ� ީށ ްއ� ުޅ� ްނެގ� ުމ� ރ� ްނ ރ� ްއ� ިސ� ްއ� ްނ� �ރ ޮކ�

ޮކ� : ޭބ� ޭބ� ިސ�ްނ ްނެގ� ީށ ްއ� ުޅ� ްނެގ� ްނިޑ� ރ� ެވ� ިލ�ްނިޑ�ޭދ� ްނ ްނ� ޭބ� ްނ ރ� ިލ ޮކ� ިސ� �- ިހްނ ެގ� ްއ ްއ� ަތ� ަތ� ިސ� ރ� ެގ� ަފ� ުމ� ްނ� ްނެގ� ެވ� ްއ� ްއ� ަފ� ޭބ� ީށ ިލ� ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� - ޭދ�

ްނ ރ� ްއ� ަތ� ޮކ� ެގ� ޭދ� ެވ� ްނ ުމ� ޭދ� ީޓ ިހ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްނ ްއ� ރ� ެވ� ރ� - ޭދ�ްއ� �ަތ ިސ� ރ� ެގ� ަފ� ުމ� ިލ� ޭބ� ްނ ޮކ� ުމ� ްއ� ިހ� ރ� ީޓ ަފ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްނ ްއ� ރ� ެވ� ރ� ޭދ�

ެގ� ުމ� ޮކ� ްއ ޮކ� ޭދ� ްއ� ެވ�ިހ� �ްނ ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ްނ ޭދ�� ިހ�ެގ ަތ� ްއ� ޭބ� �ެގ ަތ ރ� ޮކ�. ްނ ެވ� ްއ� ަފ� ޭބ� ަތ� ިލ� ިސ� ރ� ަފ�

Page 10: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

ްނ ރ� ޮކ� ްނ ރ� ުމ� ިސ� ްއ� �ރ ްނ ޮކ� ީޓ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ��ޭދ� ުމ� �ޮކ ަތ� ްއ ަތ� ްނ ެވ� ޮކ� ްއ� ެގ� ރ� ރ� ަތ� ްއ� �ރ ޮކ� ްނ ރ� ުމ� ިސ� ްއ� �ރ ްނ ޮކ� ީޓ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ��

. ުމ� ްއ ިހ� ްނ ުމ� ިލ� �ްނ ެވ�ިސްއ� - �ްނިޑ� ްއ ެވ� ިލ�ްނިޑ�ޭދ� ްނ ްނ� ްނ ޭބ� ރ� ިލ ޮކ� ިސ� �ްއ� ިހ �ޮކ ިސ �ީޓ ީޓ ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ�

؟ ަތ� ރ� ިހ� ޭބ� ްނ ްއ� ުޅ� ެގ�ެވ�ްނ� - ަޔ� ީށ ޮކ� ރ� ަތ� ްނ ްއ� ޭދ� ްނ ޮކ� ްއ� ރ� ެގ� ަތ� ުމ� ެވ� ރ� �ަޔ ްއ ީށ ަތ� ީޓ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ� ުމ�

؟ ެވ�ަތ� ްއ ޮކ� ަތ� ޭބ� ޭބ� ެވ� ިސ� ިލ� ޭބ� ީށ ުމ� ޮކ�ްއ� - �ީށ ުމ� ރ� ޮކ� �ިސ �ރ ްއ� ޭދ� ޮކ� ީޓ� ީށ ުމ� ްނ� ްނެގ� ްނެގ� ްއ� ރ� ެވ� ރ� ީޓ ޭދ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ�� ުމ�

؟ ަތ� ްނ ަތ� ްނ( ެވ� ަތ� ްނ� �ުޅ ްއ� ރ� �ީށ ޭބ ުމ� ްނ� ެވ�ޭބ� ޭދ� ެގ ަތ� ާޖ� ރ� ެގ ަތ ަތ� ްނ ޭދ� ްއ ަފ� ްއ�ީށ - ުމ� ރ� ްނ ޮކ� ީޓ� ްއ ީށ ޭބ� ޮކ� ޮކ� ެގ ަތ� ިސ ެވ� ޮކ� ެގ� ަފ" ުމ� ެވ� ަޔ� ެގ� ޮކ� ްނ ރ� ެވ�� ރ� ޭދ�

؟ ރ� ޭދ�ަތ� �ްނީޓ ޭބ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ� ުމ�

Page 11: Lecture 4 (validity   dhivehi)

( ްނ ޮކ� ުމ� ިހ� ުމ� (Fairnessިހ�ރ� ުމ�ްއ� ްނ ްނ� ޭދ� ެގ ަތ ްއ�ްއ� ުމ� �ާޖ ަތ� ެގ� ްނ� ީޓ ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ްއ�

. ްނ ރ� ޮކ� ުމ ްއ� �ްނ ެގ ޮކ� ުމ� ިހ� ުމ� ްއ� ިހ� ެގ� ޭދ� ެގ� ުމ� ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ޭދ� �ިހ ރ� ިހ�

ީޓ ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ުމ�ްއ� ްއ� ުޅ� ްނިޑ�ްއ� ްއ ޮކ� ަތ� ްއ� ެވ�ޭބ� ރ� ޮކ� ިސ ިސ� ްނ ްއ� ެގ ަތ� ުމ�ްއ� ެގ� ުމ� ެވ� ުޅ� ްއ�ްއ� ެގ� ރ� ީޓ� ްއ� ރ� ްއ� ޮކ ީޓ� ްނ ުމ� ިސ ިސ� ޭދ� ްއ� ުމ�ްއ� ްއ� ރ� ުމ�ޮކ� ރ� ަފ�

. ުމ� ްއ ިހ� ްނ ުމ� ރ� ޮކ� ުމ ްއ� �ްނ ެގ ޮކ� ުމ� ިހ�� ުމ� ީށ ިހ�� ްނ� ްނ ރ� ެވ� ރ� ޭދ� �ިހ ރ� ިހ�