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~ 0 ~ LIBRARY AUTOMATION IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY By PRASANTA KUMAR MEHER (100144177) A Dissertation SUMBITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER’S DEGREE IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (MLIS) 2010 Supervisor Sri Manoj Rana Faculty of Library and Information Science School of Social Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068

LIBRARY AUTOMATION IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

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LIBRARY AUTOMATION IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

By PRASANTA KUMAR MEHER

(100144177)

A Dissertation SUMBITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER’S DEGREE IN

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (MLIS) 2010

Supervisor

Sri Manoj Rana

Faculty of Library and Information Science School of Social Sciences

Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068

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Appendix II Proforma for Approval of Project Proposal (MLIP-002) _________________________________________________

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Certificate of Originality

This is to certify that the Project Report titled “LIBRARY AUTOMATION IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY” submitted to Indira Gandhi National

Open University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of Master’s Degree in Library and Information Science (MLIS) is an original work carried out by Mr. Prasanta Kumar Meher. (Enrolment Number: 100144177)

The matter embodied in this Project is a genuine work done by the

student and has not been submitted whether to this University or

to any other University/Institute for the fulfillment of the

requirement of any course of study.

Signature of the Student Signature of the Supervisor

Name: PRASANTA KUMAR MEHER Name: MANOJ RANA

Enrolment Number: 100144177 Designation: Assistant Librarian

Place: Shillong Name Institution/ Organization:

Date: 25th October, 2010 North Eastern Hill University

Date: 25th October, 2010

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Acknowledgements

The first and foremost, I express my hearty gratitude to my Guide

and Counsellor Sri Manoj Rana, Assistant Librarian, NEHU Central

Library, for his untiring constant help. By his guidance and inspiration, I

was able to submit my project report on “Library Automation in Kendriya

Vidyalaya Sangathan: A Comprehensive Study.” I am deeply indebted to

him for his affectionate guidance throughout the course of this work.

I acknowledge my sincere thanks to Principals of Kendriya

Vidyalayas, who gave me permission to collect relevant data from their

Vidyalayas. I would like to express my warmest thanks to Librarians of

Kendriya Vidyalayas, who provided necessary information for this work.

I am happy to express my thanks to Sri Manish Kumar Singh,

Librarian, Kendriya Vidyalaya, NEHU, Shillong, who has provided

assistance in connection with collection of data.

I am indebted to my parents for their keen interest and

encouragement in my work. I am privileged to thank all my friends for

helping me whenever necessary and for giving me moral support.

Shillong

The 25th October, 2010 (PRASANTA KUMAR MEHER)

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APPROVED PROJECT SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) is the world’s largest

widespread organization in the area of school education under

Ministry of HRD, Government of India. KVS is a premier

organization in India administrating 981 schools known as

“Kendriya Vidyalayas” with 10,33,516 students as on 30th

September 2009. Since inception in 1965, the Kendriya Vidyalayas

have come to be known as centers of excellence in the field of

secondary and senior secondary education. Every Kendriya

Vidyalaya has a library with a full-time qualified professional

(librarian) for the growth and development of information system

in the organization so that the library can serve as the center of

information for the Vidyalaya and provide easy access to national

and global knowledge to all staff and students.

Library automation refers to the use of computers to automate

the typical library housekeeping operations. Library automation

which started in late 70s in few special libraries has now reached

most of the university libraries. It is yet to take off in college and

school libraries in India. After 1990 large scale development has

been taken place in the area of library automation. But the school

libraries are not so forward in this respect.

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The Problem

The information and retrieval system in India is giving more

emphasis on library automation system in the field of higher

education and less emphasis on school level. The school children

are the future of our country. The teaching learning system is

being modernized in which KVS plays a vital role by implementing

different policies. In this context the information retrieval system

also should be modernized. Having a good library policy with

provision for library automation, KVS is lacking automated library

system is a sorrowful task. A two section Kendriya Vidyalaya has a

capacity of around 1000 students and 60 staff members.

Managing a library by a single library professional to satisfy such

a huge number of users is obviously a difficult task. The need of

library automation in KVS cannot be ignored. But due to so many

constraints and problems the organization is unable to make their

library automated. The present problem involves the study of

problems and constraints in initiating library automation in KVS.

SCOPE

This research is limited to study the academics, administrative,

financial, geographical, behavioral, technical and social problems

related to automation of library in different housekeeping

operations, resource sharing, networking by selecting 50 Kendriya

Vidyalayas of Guwahati, Kolkata and Bhubaneswar region which

will take a time period of about two months.

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OBJECTIVES

Realising the importance of library automation, its utility and role

in KVs libraries, the study has been undertaken. The following

objectives laid down in carrying out this study:

To study the existing structure of library automation in KVS

libraries.

To find out the reasons of financial, administrative,

technical, geographical and social problems in library

automation in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan.

METHODOLOGY

The key success of a research work depends on a good

methodology. In this dissertation work the Questionnaire method

will be followed. The sequential steps for conducting the work are

as follows:

Selection of 50 Kendriya Vidyalaya Libraries with the help of

KVS website and KVS Annual Report.

Preparation of questionnaire.

Sending the questionnaires to concerned KVs through email.

Collecting information about school library automation and

KVS library automation from websites and references.

Receiving the responses from the selected libraries.

Analysis of collected information.

Finding conclusion and suggestions.

Writing project report.

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NATURE OF DATA

The data to be collected will be both from primary and secondary

sources.

SAMPLE

SELECTION OF THE KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA LIBRARIES

Systematic Random sampling will be used for the selection of the

Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries. The names of all the Kendriya

Vidyalayas of Bhubaneswar, Kolkata and Guwahati region will be

collected from KVS website and KVS annual report and 50

Kendriya Vidyalayas will be selected randomly.

COLLECTION METHOD

ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE

The required information will be collected through a questionnaire

which will be sent and received through email and by post where

email facilities are not available. The questionnaire will comprise of

objective, descriptive, multiple choices, multiple answers, open

ended and close ended questions. The questions will be designed

to know the constraints and problems for initiating library

automation in concerned libraries and the suggestions to improve

the situation.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The data analysis will be done with the help of:

MS- Excel

SPSS ( Statistical package for Social science)

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TENTATIVE CHAPTERISATION

The present dissertation report will be comprised of following

tentative chapterisation:

Introduction

The Problem

Scope

Objectives

Hypothesis

Operational Definitions

Review of Literature

Methodology

Research Design

Data Collection

Analysis of Data

Discussion

Conclusion and Suggestions

LIMITATIONS

The research in the present study is a sample consideration of

only 50 Kendriya Vidyalaya Libraries taking 3 regions which forms

a boundary factor of this study. There are 981 KVs with 18 regions

in India. The research may not give an idea about other regions as

per the whole of KVS in India is concerned. However in future, this

limitation can be eradicated by undertaking a research work in all

the Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries of India.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Sl. No. 01 KVS Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

02 KVs Kendriya Vidyalayas

03 NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training

04 SCERT State Council of Educational Research and Training

04 DDC Dewy Decimal Classification

06 INSDOC Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre

07 ICT Information and Communication Technology

08 CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education

09 UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

10 IFLA International Federation of Library Association

11 KLA Kerala Library Association

12 ZIET Zonal Institute of Education and Training

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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description Page No.

01 Region wise Number of KVs 38

02 Details of Data Collection 40

03 Holidays for KVs Librarians 66

04 User group in KVs Libraries 67

05 Qualifications of Librarians 69

06 Number of Collections in KVs Libraries 70

07 Use of Computer in Library Housekeeping Operations 71

08 Circulation Procedures 72

09 Average Number of Documents Circulated Regularly 73

10 Problems in Initiating Library Automation 78

11 Choice of Automation Software by Librarians 79

12 Budget Allocation for Different Activities 84

13 Availability of Hardware 85

14 Various Versions of E-Granthalaya 92

LIST OF CHARTS

Chart No. Description Page No.

01 Number Users in KV Libraries 67

02 Number of Documents in KV Libraries 70

03 Choice of Automation Software 75

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CONTENTS

Page No.

Approved Project Proposal Proforma i

Certificate of Originality ii

Acknowledgements iii

Approved Project Synopsis iv-viii

List of Abbreviations ix

List of Tables x

List of Charts x

Page No.

Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 - 30

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan 3

1.3 School Library 4

1.4 KVS Library Policy 7

1.5 Library Automation 20

1.5.1 Library Automation: Aims and Objectives 20

1.5.2 History of Library Automation 21

1.5.3 Indian scenario 22

1.6 Perspectives On School Library Automation 23

1.6.1 Importance of Library Automation 24

1.6.2 Benefits of Automating School Library 24

1.7 Statement of Problem 29

1.8 Conclusion 30

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Page No.

Chapter 2 - Objective & Research Methodology 31 - 40

2.1 Introduction 32

2.2 Need 33

2.3 Objective 34

2.4 Scope 35

2.5 Research Methodology 36

2.5.1 Questionnaire 36

2.5.2 Literature Survey 37

2.6 Data Collection 37

2.6.1 Sampling 37

2.6.2 Data Collection through e-mail 38

2.6.3 Telephonic Collection of Data 39

2.6.4 Personal Contact 39

2.7 Limitations 40

Chapter 3 – Review of Related Literature 41 - 60

3.1 Introduction 42

3.2 Study Conducted in Abroad 42 3.2.1 UNESCO/IFLA Workshop on Information

Literacy Education and School Library Services 43

3.2.2 School Library Automation in Malaysian Chinese Secondary Schools: A National Survey 44

3.3 Study Conducted in India 46

3.3.1 CBSE and School Library Automation : a Book Review 46

3.3.2 Report of the National Seminar on School Libraries & the Educational System 51

3.3.3 Library Automation in Kendriya Vidyalaya,

Pattom 53

3.4 Relevance of the present study 60

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Page No. Chapter 4 - Analysis and Interpretation 63 - 85

4.1 Introduction 64

4.2 Requirement of Library Automation in KVS 64

4.2.1 Provision of Library Automation 65

4.2.2 Library Timings 65

4.2.3 Users 66

4.2.4 Staffs 68

4.2.5 Collections 70

4.2.6 Library Housekeeping Operations 71

4.2.7 Library Services 74

4.3 Library Automation Software 74

4.4 Automation and Library Personnel 76

4.5 Expenditure and Maintenance 77

4.6 Financial System and Library Automation 77

4.7 Problems in Initiating Library Automation 78

4.8 Library Budget for Automation 84

4.9 Availability of Hardware 85

Chapter 5 – Suggestions and Recommendations 86 - 98

5.1 Introduction 87

5.2 Planning for Automation 87

5.3 Hardware and Software Selection 89

5.4 Use of E-GRANTHALAYA 91

5.5 Understanding Importance of Automation 95

5.6 Qualification and Training 96

5.7 Financial Support for Automation 96

5.8 Administration and Management 97

5.9 Role of KVS 97

5.10 Conclusion 98

REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY 99 - 100

APPENDIX 101-107

INDEX 108-109

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Chapter 1

Introduction

1.9 Introduction

1.10 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

1.11 School Library

1.12 KVS Library Policy

1.13 Library Automation

1.5.4 Library Automation:

Aims and Objectives

1.5.5 History of Library Automation

1.5.6 Indian scenario

1.14 Perspectives On School Library Automation

1.6.1 Importance of Library Automation

1.6.2 Benefits of Automating School Library

1.15 Statement of Problem

1.16 Conclusion

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1.1 Introduction

Report of the National Seminar on School Libraries and

the Educational System held on 19th & 20th November 1998, at

Trivandrum gives emphasis on “promotion of reading habits

among children and organizing school library”. The habit of

reading has to be inculcated in children at a very young stage, the

most impressionable period in their life. This calls for the active

functioning of school libraries right from the primary school level.

The word ‘library’ is rich in tradition, meaning, and usage. The

definitions of ‘school library’ given by various library scientists and

associations reflect this heritage. Throughout the world the Library

of a school is considered as part and parcel of the academic set-

up. It is created and maintained to serve and support the

educational activities of the school. The recommendations of

numerous commissions and committees established by the

Government of India and various other states for the improvement

of school education can bring in desired results provided the

school has the full complement of library resources, personnel,

and necessary infrastructure. So far the school library has not

been given its rightful place in the scheme of things. Nevertheless,

it can play a very important role and help the school in achieving

the educational objectives. If we recognize the value and

importance of informal system of education, then library method

of self-education is sure to get its due place. It is high time for the

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country to phase out the use of out–moded curricular models,

instructional practices and evaluation methods. Libraries have to

be equipped with new resources, technology and professional

manpower in order to promote self-study habit among children. In

order to transform school libraries into learning resource centres,

they should be scientifically organized by qualified professional

and modern technologies so that the libraries may become

accessible and usable to the children. Library is a growing

organism. As the technology changes in the field of information

storage and retrieval, the user needs are also changing. There

should be planned Library programmes which will incorporate the

future needs. Automation of the library helps to set new targets.

School Library Automation is one of the inseparable modern

technologies used for teaching learning process.

1.2 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) is the world’s

largest widespread organization in the area of school education

under Ministry of HRD, Government of India. KENDRIYA

VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN is a premier organization in India

administering 1073 schools as on 01.09.2010 known as "Kendriya

Vidyalayas" with 10,30,654 students as on 31.03.2010 and 48,596

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employees (including outsourced) on rolls as on 01.08.2010. Since

inception in 1965, the Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) have

come to be known as centres of excellence in the field of secondary

and senior secondary education promoting national integration

and a sense of "Indianness" among the children while ensuring

their total personality development and academic excellence. Every

Kendriya Vidyalaya has a library with a full-time qualified

professional (Librarian) for the growth and development of

information system in the organization so that the library can

serve as the center of information for the Vidyalaya and provide

easy access to national and global knowledge to all staff and

students.

1.3 School Library

In 2003, IFLA and UNESCO co-organized a Regional

Workshop on School Library Services in Southeast Asia. At the

end of the workshop, the participants recommended that, inter

alia, information literacy be integrated into the curriculum and

teaching-learning practices of appropriate subject areas and that

the organizers strive to have school libraries recognized as players

and stakeholders in the promotion of reading and literacy.

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The school Library provides information, inculcates ideas, and

develops knowledge that is so essential to functioning successfully

in today’s information and knowledge based society. It is

fundamental to school library to equip students with lifelong

learning skills and develop in them creative thinking and

imagination, and enabling them to live as ideal and responsible

citizens.

Thus, the school library must be made the hub of all the

activities planned and executed in school. It can be used by

students to prepare for their next class period, home examination,

general education, information, competitions, recreation and

inspiration. To cater to the wide varieties of demands of students

and teachers it has to judiciously select and procure the

prescribed/recommended text-books and other reading material

from different sources, technically process it by making use of a

standard scheme of classification, catalogue it to provide various

access points, organise the collection on scientific lines, circulate

the documents and disseminate the information in the manner

most liked by the students and teachers. In addition, the school

library has to serve as a resource centre as well.

In Europe and other developed countries of the world a

greater emphasis is laid on the library method of teaching. The

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School Library Staff support the use of books and other

information services which range from the fictional to

documentary, from print to electronic within the four walls of the

library as well as outside. This is all done to enthuse the young

minds of pupil to unfold their self and discover their potential. A

lot of assignments are given to the pupil for which they have to sit

and work in the library itself. This method of teaching makes them

skillful and discriminating users of library resources and services.

School libraries should be designed, managed and

operated in such a way to assist the teachers and taught to

achieve their educational goals. In India, however, school libraries

present a very dismal picture, because not even the most

elementary requirements are met. According to Third All India

Educational Survey on Library, Laboratory and Science equipment

facilities in schools, conducted and published by NCERT (1981),

there were 5,89,031 schools. Out of these schools, only 41.80%

have library facilities. The percentage of school libraries is being

increased from day to day and it is highest in Kendriya Vidyalaya

Sangathan. Every Kendriya Vidyalaya has a well equipped school

library. It plays a vital role in dissemination of information and

development of teaching learning system in Kendriya Vidyalayas.

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1.4 KVS Library Policy

KVS charted out a Library Policy in 2007 detailing the aim,

functions and services of school libraries. For the smooth running

of the school library, the library policy gives following

recommendations.

1.4.1 Library Charter

Every Kendriya Vidyalaya will have a library. The objectives of the

library are to:

Be the knowledge hub of the school and disseminate

knowledge as widely as possible.

Facilitate creation of new knowledge.

Facilitate optimal use of knowledge by all staff and

students.

Ensure easy access to the facilities available to all staff

and students.

Encourage and foster reading habit among staff and

students.

Effectively participate in the teaching-learning

programmes of the school.

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In order to achieve these objectives the library will undertake to:-

Serve as the center of information for the Vidyalaya and

provide easy access to national and global knowledge to

all staff and students.

Offer an inviting and attractive physical space with

proper seating arrangements and other amenities.

Ensure that staff and students are treated with courtesy

and offered all assistance in their pursuit of knowledge.

Offer proactive services to all users.

Optimize its potential to provide access to information

and knowledge to all by proper display,

categorization/classification of resource materials.

Help all the users to develop the skills to make optimum

use of all the facilities.

Undertake activities to foster an interest in books and

increase involvement in the library.

Improve the collection and services on a continuing basis

in consultation with users/stakeholders.

Workout a progamme in consultation with teachers for

the effective use of all types of library materials.

To work effectively and efficiently by undertaking every

activity in a professional manner.

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1.4.2 General guidelines for the library

1. The library must maintain a well-rounded core collection

including reference materials to satisfy the regular needs

of the staff and students. The core collection would

consist of several copies of textbooks, reference materials

related to each subject, costly essential books which

would include encyclopedias, maps, atlas, rare books on

particular topics/subjects or exclusive editions of general

books.

2. Besides the core collection other general (fiction and

nonfiction) books for regular issue should be available in

the library.

3. The core collection may be supplemented through

networks, e-resources etc to provide better qualitative

and quantitative services.

4. Library collections are dynamic resources and therefore,

there should be constant review and renewal of material

to ensure that the collections are relevant to the

users/stakeholders.

5. Weeding out of books should be a regular feature and

should be carried out with the approval of the competent

authority, at least once in a year

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6. Categorizing/classifying and indexing of books should be

invariably done keeping in mind the objective of the

library.

7. The library should follow open access system.

1.4.3 Size of library collection.

1. The core collection of the library should take into account

the size of the Vidyalaya and subjects offered besides

covering project based activities, career guidance,

counseling etc.

2. Books should be available in both English and Hindi.

3. Besides the core collection, other general books put

together should be at the rate of 5 books per student

subject to a minimum of 1500 books for newly opened

schools. This collection should be well thought out. Low

cost and age relevant editions of classics and fictions

should be preferred for the general section of the school

library.

4. Book purchase should be a continuous process and some

percentage of the total Vidyalaya budget should be

earmarked for collection development on a recurring

basis. Out of this budget, 50% should compulsorily be

earmarked for elementary classes (i.e. up to class VIII)

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5. To encourage more teacher participation in the library, a

teacher may be allowed to purchase books (which are not

available in the library) up to Rs.500 per year. The cost

of the book/books should be reimbursed to the teacher

after the books are deposited in the library along with the

bill. However, this kind of purchase would be limited to

only a certain amount that would be decided by the

Library Committee. It must be verified that these are not

sample copies provided by publishers.

6. During annual stock taking, weeding out of collection

should also be carried out.

7. For newly opened Vidyalayas a one-time budget would be

provided for setting up the basic collection.

8. Besides books, libraries should subscribe to useful

magazines, periodicals and journals.

1.4.4 Services to be provided by the library.

1. Issue of books for home use – Each student would be

issued two books at a time for a period of one week. Staff

members, including Principal, would be issued maximum

five books at a time for a maximum period of one

fortnight. Failure to return books on time would

compulsorily lead to penalty of Re.1 per day for all

(students & staff).

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2. A recall system for overdue books should be introduced.

This could be achieved by sending an overdue note to the

concerned student through the Class Teacher. In case of

staff the note can be sent through the school office.

3. Reissue of books by a user may be allowed maximum

twice more after first issue.

4. Newly purchased books should not be issued to any user

for at least one month but should be displayed separately

as new arrivals.

5. Issue of subject reference books – Only subject reference

books from reference section would be issued for home

use on those days when the successive day is a holiday.

The book will have to be returned on the next working

day. Dictionaries, Encyclopedias etc would not be issued.

6. One set of textbooks may be issued to teachers for the

subject being taught by them for the whole session.

7. In case a user loses a book he/she would have to either

replace the book or deposit three times the price of the

book in the library.

8. Each user would be provided with library cards for issue

of books.

9. Magazines and periodicals may also be issued for a week

only. However, it must be ensured that at least two

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previous issues are available in the library. A separate

register should be maintained for this purpose.

10. Reading facilities in the Library - There should be

comfortable seating arrangement with proper lighting in

the library. The library would be open on all working

days and the entire duration of school hours.

11. Each section will have two library periods per week.

Classes VI to XII will go to the library during this period.

For primary classes the teacher supervising the library

period will give books from class library to the students.

One teacher, who would help in maintaining discipline in

the library as well as assist the librarian, will accompany

the students of class VI and above to the library.

However, the arrangement for library class may differ

from school to school depending on the number of

sections per class. In very large schools one period of

class library can be introduced. Notwithstanding this the

number of library periods would be two per section out of

which one period will be in the library. The class library

period can be utilized for other library related activity

also for which the class teacher would be incharge.

12. The librarian should also identify two students in each

section who would assist in library activities.

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13. Librarian should facilitate in the use of the library by

acting as intermediary between the users and the

collection.

14. Computer and Internet access - the library should have a

computer, which would be used for storing information of

the collection, record of books issued, digitalized books

and provide internet access.

1.4.5 Organization of the Library

1. A proper system of cataloguing and classification of the

collection should be done to provide easy access and also

to keep account of the books. Dewey Decimal

Classification (DDC) system should be used for this

purpose.

2. Computerization of the library should be carried out.

3. Books should be arranged in locked shelves but open

access system should be followed.

4. The library should subscribe at least 10

periodicals/journals/magazines. These should be

attractively displayed on magazine racks. Newspapers

should be displayed on stands. Old

periodical/magazines/newspapers should be arranged

date wise and preserved for at least 6 months.

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5. The display boards in the library should show the jacket

covers of latest books, interesting information on various

topics, besides writings of students and teachers.

6. The library should also carry out a number of activities

like:-

i. Display of latest books, magazines & periodicals.

ii. Book reviews

iii. Organization of book fairs (at school or cluster

level by involving other nearby schools).

iv. Career guidance and counseling corner.

v. Themes for the week and display of related

material.

vi. Compilation of material from

newspapers/magazines etc for various topics like

environment, science and technology etc.

vii. Organization of Book Quiz.

viii. Prizes to students who have borrowed the

maximum number of books.

ix. Establishing of book clubs.

7. The library should invariably display the following

information:

i. Total no. of books

ii. No. of text books

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iii. No. of Reference books.

iv. No. of general( fiction and nonfiction) books

v. Subject wise list of books

vi. Class wise list of fiction and non-fiction available in

the library.

vii. No. of periodicals/magazines available along with their

names and periodicity.

1.4.6 Management of Library

1. The librarian will manage the library and the

duties of the librarian will include all that has

been stated in the previous sections.

2. There shall be a library committee, headed by

the Principal and at least 03 teacher members

who have a genuine love for books. The teachers

should be one each from Primary, Secondary

and Sr. Secondary classes. The committee

would also include two students to be selected

by the Principal from Classes VII to XII. The

Librarian would be the Member-Secretary of the

Committee. The Committee will select books for

the library keeping in view the natural interests

and needs of the children, their age group and

intelligence. There should also be continuous

renewal of books for which meetings should be

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held on half yearly basis. The Library Committee

can invite other teachers/students to the

meetings for their advice/suggestion. This

committee shall meet as often as possible but at

least once in a month.

3. Besides recommending books for the library the

Library Committee will also recommend suitable

budgetary provision for the library; develop a

general programme of library service to suit the

interest and requirement of different sections of

users; review library rules and formulate new

rules for the library; make recommendations for

proper functioning of the library.

4. All teachers and students can recommend

books for the library for which a suggestion box

should be kept in the library. Suggestions

received through this box shall be placed for

consideration of Library Committee.

5. Besides books for children, the Committee will

also select books for teachers on various

subjects apart from Academics.

6. For Primary classes (I to V), class library will be

set up. These libraries will be under the charge

of class teachers. The class teacher will get

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books from the main library, which will be in

accordance with the standard and interest of

the age group of the children of the class

concerned. They should be attractively

displayed in lockable shelves and kept in the

class. The teacher will issue books to the

children during library period. After these books

have been read, another set would be issued

from the main library.

7. The primary teacher would maintain a register

regarding issue of books to the students so that

he/she can keep track of the books read and

students are not given books they have already

read.

8. The selection of books for the class libraries will

also be done by a committee comprising of

principal, librarian, class teacher, two other

teachers and two students who will be

nominated by the Principal.

9. The class teacher will ensure that every pupil in

the class maintains a notebook in which the

name of the book read, its author and a brief

account of the content is recorded.

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10. Non-compliance of the instructions given above

will be considered to be a dereliction of duty for

which suitable action may be initiated against

the concerned

Principal/Librarian/Teacher/H.M.

1.4.7 Monitoring and Evaluation of collection and Services.

Statistics should be maintained on the following so

that they can be used for monitoring and evaluation.

1. No. of users.

2. No and percentage of collection issued on any given

day.

3. Number of books issued during a stated period.

4. Average books issued per user per unit time.

5. Number of recommendations received for purchase

of books per year.

6. Class wise list of activities conducted in a year

along with number of participants.

7. Number of new books added per year.

8. Number of old books weeded out.

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1.5 Library Automation

Library automation may be defined as the application of

computers to perform traditional library housekeeping activities

such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, reference and serials

control etc.

Automation is used to reduce the amount of staff time

devoted to repetitive (and often less challenging) activities that

must be done in any properly functioning library. It is to be

remembered here that, various library operations can automated,

not the library as such.

1.5.1 Library Automation: Aims and objectives

(a) To improve control over collection;

(b) To have an effective control over the entire operation;

(c) To improve the existing services;

(d) To share effectively the resources among various libraries in a

region;

(e) To avoid duplication of work;

(f) To use the services of the existing staff effectively.

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1.5.2 History of Library automation

Punched cards were invented by Hollerith in 1880 and

used in tabulating the US census data. The library at the

University of Texas was perhaps the first to use punched cards in

1936 for circulation control. The Library of congress used the unit

record machines for the production of catalogues in 1950. Many

libraries in the US followed the system for automating their

activities. Library automation entered into its second era in 1960s

with the advent of computers. The notable ventures were

MEDLARS, MARC, etc. Until the early 1990s, “automating the

library” involved generally the same features as those in place

since the advent of machine readable cataloguing record in the

late 1960s. Libraries created integrated text based systems using

micro/mini computers in which traditional library housekeeping

operations were computerized using the library’s database as the

foundation. In the last decade, library automation has undergone

a transformation that reflects changing definitions of library

service in general and access to resources in particular. The

introduction of global networking such as internet, cheap

availability of technology and new media technologies made

information more accessible. Today’s integrated library systems

must not only provide modules which automate traditional library

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functions but also capable of connecting through the local

suppliers, databases and internet.

In an automated Library operation environment, staff

and computer share responsibility for performing work. The

computer is merely a tool, albeit a marvelous one, enabling

libraries to do something more readily, more accurately or less

expensively than the manual methods. Completely automatic or

automated library operations, in which no human intervention

and control are necessary, do not exist and are not likely to exist

until the former half of the next decade.

1.5.3 Indian scenario

In1962 INSDOC experimented the preparation of a Union

Catalogue of scientific serials. The Documentation Research and

Training Centre (DRTC) introduced Docfinder (a computer used for

finding documents) in 1968. The library automation in India was a

slow process and got momentum in 1980s.Research and technical

institutions were the forerunners and academic libraries followed

them. New professional library management software packages

entered in to the Indian market and some Indian companies also

tried to make it with Indian flavor. Some libraries run by Public

Schools became automated in late 1980s. More schools entered in

the foray in 1990s with more funds and infrastructure. The

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schools in Government sector those had good libraries had been

following the conventional library concepts and never looked for

automation due to lack of funds. New millennium witnessed

tremendous developments in Information and Communication

Technologies (ICT), and the concepts of school libraries changed

from mere storehouses of books to well-organized library media

centers with variety of services (online and offline). Some

educational institutions were the torchbearers, but most of them

are lagging miles behind.

1.6 Perspectives on School Library Automation

Automating a school library is the process which

restructures its functions and reinvents its services. By keeping a

database as the basis, automation converge new technologies of

information storage and retrieval with traditional housekeeping

operations. An automated school library can serve the teaching

and learning community more effectively. A reduction in the time

needed for routine operations can be utilized to give customized

services to the users. The process of library automation has a

short history in our country. It needs proper planning and active

implementation.

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1.6.1 Importance of Library Automation

The two main importance are benefits to the library

users i.e., students, and teachers and efficient & cost-effective

operation. The reasons are:

More time to work with students and staff.

Speed up searching operation of books and information for

students and teachers.

Better access to the collection—higher achievement.

More in tune with how students interface with other

information sources.

students need to be prepared for the world outside school.

Allows easier sharing of resources with other libraries.

Enhances consistency in the collection, streamlines

circulation.

Time savings of clerical tasks.

Ease of maintenance, statistics, overdue.

1.6.2 Benefits of Automating the School Library

Library automation is beneficial to students, librarians,

faculty members, administrators and parents for various

reasons. The library is the resource center that supports

and enhances the curriculum for the school. Students can

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expand their horizons more effectively with an automated

library. Teachers can reinforce their classroom instruction

with assignments that guide students to research

opportunities within the school library. An automated

library helps administrators complete accreditation

requirements for the school. Parents can feel good about the

school library being available to their students anytime the

students want to access it via a Web browser. Everyone

benefits when the school library is automated.

Students are computer savvy today. Their dexterity at

playing computer games provides a continuing excitement

for them. The library is part of their experience at school. It

should be automated to permit the students to be excited

about finding and using materials that enhance their

studies. Schools that have automated their libraries report

that students actually check out two to three times more

items after automation than they did before automation.

Why? One reason is that searches are easy and quick for

students. Another reason is that links to other materials via

subject headings and authors enable the students to go to

other items of interest with one or two clicks of the mouse.

Searches can be sorted instantly by author’s names, title,

copyright year and other ways with a single mouse click

also. Another reason is that visual searches are possible for

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the youngest users and visual search is helpful for remedial

learners.

Still another reason is that the catalogue card electronically

displayed helps the student know details about it when

tested on standardized tests.

More important, though, is that electronic access to the

catalogue data describing library items gives many more

points of access for finding materials because summaries,

notes and keywords are indexed searches. Many

sophisticated systems index keywords automatically from

words within titles, subject headings, notes and summary

fields. Excluded from the list are articles, prepositions and

conjunctions; but all other terms are automatically indexed

and accessible through searches. Search strategies range

from basic to complex, allowing experienced users to move

to more specific searches while encouraging users who need

pictures to begin the learning process. To summarize in a

few words how automation in the library affects students, an

automated library is seen as vibrant and alive. Automation

can make the library an awesome place. Librarians

appreciate automation because of its ease of use. Items can

be catalogued using vendor-supplied catalogue records. The

Internet provides a vehicle for using electronic search of

massive databases and adding professional cataloguing into

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the library database with the scan of a barcode and/or with

very few keystrokes. Librarians can circulate items with ease

and have an accurate account for each student’s activities.

Interaction with students is enhanced when the library is

automated. Hosting the library to the Web, for access

wherever teachers, students and parents have access to a

Web browser, is a wonderful benefit that occurs for little

cost and with practically no additional work for the

librarian. Networked library software provides for access in

each classroom if so desired, as well as via the Web for

access to the contents of the library beyond the school’s

walls. The cost of automating the library is less expensive

than maintaining a traditional card catalogue. When one

counts the cost of the expensive cabinet in which the

processed catalogue cards are stored, the cost of cards, and

the time and tedium of filing such cards, automation is cost-

effective in the long term. Additionally, library automation is

easier than the maintenance of a card catalogue and

provides many more access points to the information than

the traditional cards arrangement can provide. An online

catalogue makes the printing, filing and expense of cards

obsolete. Also, librarians can involve themselves with the

students in more meaningful ways because so much of the

tedium of maintaining a catalogue is removed when

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automation is implemented. Faculty members can

appreciate an automated library because library resources

can become an expanded collection of materials for students

to use. Research projects from materials owned by the

school become the basis for term papers, along with online

resources that the school can offer. The Web access to items

in the library collection can facilitate faculty members in

their preparation of class activities. Knowing the resources

that are available in the library helps faculty members

provide meaningful topics for research and evaluate topics of

interest to students. Requesting specific additional materials

to bolster the library holdings can be more easily and

accurately provided from faculty input to the librarian.

Faculty and students benefit when the library is automated.

Administrators with a well-organized automated library have

additional “bragging rights” when competing for students.

Reports can be generated in a timely manner. Specific

information is readily available for planning and budget

purposes. Benefactors will respond to specific requests when

needs are identified with respect to library holdings.

Accreditation requirements are more easily met when the

library is automated. Reports can be generated to support

accreditation goals and outcomes. Parents can feel good

about having their children enrolled in a school where the

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school library can be available to them and their children

anytime the students want to access it via a Web browser. In

short, automation of the school library is a good investment

and benefits the entire school population.

1.7 Statement of Problem

The information and retrieval system in India is giving

more emphasis on library automation system in the field of higher

education and less emphasis on school level. The school children

are the future of our country. The teaching learning system is

being modernized in which KVS plays a vital role by implementing

different policies. In this context the information retrieval system

also should be modernized. Having a good library policy with

provision for library automation, KVS is lacking automated library

system is a sorrowful task. A two section Kendriya Vidyalaya has a

capacity of around 1000 students and 60 staff members. All

Vidyalayas have a Library period in their Time Table for all classes.

Students go to the Library during this period to get the books

issued or returned. The time available with the Librarian for each

group is so little that he hardly gets any time to do anything else

other than normal ‘issue and return’ of books.

Managing a library by a single library professional to

satisfy such a huge number of users is obviously a difficult task.

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So the need of library automation in KVS cannot be ignored. But

due to so many constraints and problems the organization is

unable to make their library automated. The present problem

involves a comprehensive study of library automation in Kendriya

Vidyalayas with problems and constraints in initiating library

automation.

1.8 Conclusion

CBSE published a handbook titled “Organising School

libraries: Guidelines” in1997. Based on it, Kendriya Vidyalaya

Sangathan has been giving periodical recommendations for the

development of its libraries. In Govt. sector, KV libraries stay at

the top with enough infrastructure and professionally trained

librarians. Awareness of the importance of libraries in the

academic achievement of the students make the administrators

think about restructuring the libraries with new technologies for

information storage and retrieval. Library automation is the

foundation on which all other activities placed. It has been

considered as the starting point of a library’s first meeting with

technology. The comprehensive study about this will surely give a

direction not only to the Indian school libraries but also through

the world.

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Chapter-2

OBJECTIVE

AND

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.8 Introduction

2.9 Need

2.10 Objective

2.11 Scope

2.12 Research Methodology

2.5.3 Questionnaire

2.5.4 Literature Survey

2.13 Data Collection

2.6.5 Sampling

2.6.6 Data Collection through e-mail

2.6.7 Telephonic Collection of Data

2.6.8 Personal Contact

2.14 Limitations

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2.1 Introduction

A survey research is undertaken to study and describe

the ground realities or current state-of-art of a situation, group of

person or institutions. A library survey is interpreted as systematic

collection of data concerning libraries, their activities, operations,

services, staff, use and users at a given time or over a given period.

Surveys are by nature large, over viewing and spread over to a

sizeable population/subjects or area. For example study of

circulation system of a library is not a survey, but if extended to

all the libraries of a whole city or region will by definition

constitute a survey.

In any research while sample technique is recognised as

part of research methodology, the techniques need to be applied

systematically in order to achieve the desired result. The main

objective of sample survey is to be kept in mind while framing the

questionnaire and while choosing the sample. The responses

expected for the questionnaire are to be direct, precise and

relevant to the objectives of the sample survey. So a sound

objective and methodology should be adopted for proper analysis

and interpretation of the data collected.

The present study is a survey research to understand the

status, requirements, problems and constraints of library

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automation in schools of KVS which will give a better direction for

improvement.

2.2 Need

Ranganathan’s fifth law of library science says that

“Library is a growing organism.” In this sense the style, techniques

and process of information must not be ignored. In the education

of young child, the printed and other audio-visual resources are

essential and needed in abundance. These resources are the basic

tools, which are required for the effective teaching and learning.

Our educational planners and administrators have rightly stressed

the point of view of quality education. It is through the library that

the material needed by teachers and students can be supplied

efficiently and economically and its adequacy and quality assured.

Merely stocking the reading material in schools is not enough.

Care must be taken to get these materials properly organised and

make the same easily available for students and teachers. All

schools, irrespective of the number of students registered, should

be provided with a library organised on modern lines and

supervised by a qualified trained librarian. The provision of

adequate supporting staff is very much essential in achieving

excellence in library and information services.

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So many schools have a library period in their time table

for all classes. Students go to the library during this period to get

the books issued or returned. The time available with the librarian

for each group is so little that the librarian hardly gets any time to

do anything else other than normal ‘issue and return’ of books. To

manage the library with in stipulated period of time, help of new

technologies are most essential in which automation plays a vital

role. The need of this study arises to know, up to what extent

Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries are perfect in utilising this

technology.

2.3 Objectives

Realising the importance of library automation, its

utility and role in Kendriya Vidyalayas libraries, the study has

been undertaken. The following objectives are laid down in

carrying out this study:

To study the existing structure of library automation in KVS

libraries.

To know acquaintance of Kendriya Vidyalayas libraries with

emerging modern technologies.

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To know requirements of library automation in Kendriya

Vidyalayas libraries.

To find out the reasons of financial, administrative,

technical, geographical, social and other problems in

initiating library automation in Kendriya Vidyalayas.

To suggest methods and measures to improve the situation.

2.4 Scope

Though this research is a comprehensive study, it is not

only limited to study the requirements of library automation, but

also it reflects about the status of automated and non-automated

libraries with respect to Kendriya Vidyalayas. The other aspects

like academics, administrative, financial, geographical, behavioral,

technical and social problems related to automation of library in

different housekeeping operations, resource sharing and

networking have also been considered for study.

As per the area of research is concerned, 50 Kendriya

Vidyalayas of Guwahati, Kolkata and Bhubaneswar region are

taken for the study. These include the Kendriya Vidyalayas located

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in the state of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim,

West Bengal and Orissa.

The time period for conduction of this research work is

two and half months. Out of which one month has been spent for

data collection, one month for analysis and interpretation and 15

days for preparing the report.

As per the limitation of this research is concerned the

research is a sample consideration of only 50 Kendriya Vidyalaya

Libraries taking 3 regions which forms a boundary factor of this

study. There are more than 1000 Kendriya Vidyalayas with 18

regions in India. The research may not give an idea about other

regions as per the whole of KVS in India is concerned. However in

future, this limitation can be eradicated by undertaking a research

work in all the Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries of India.

2.5 Research Methodology

To achieve the objectives of the study, two

methodological approaches have been adopted. These methods

are:

Questionnaire

Literature Survey

2.5.1 Questionnaire

A series of questionnaire was prepared to collect the data

based on the objectives of the study. The questionnaire comprises

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direct, precise and objective types questions based on the various

aspects of requirement on library automation, conditions of

automated libraries, steps taken by non automated libraries with

problems and constraints in introducing library automation.

2.5.2 Literature Survey

In literature survey, investigation is made through

different documentary sources available in libraries, related

websites and personal discussion with the persons related to this

field. A number of published and unpublished sources are read

and reviewed to carry out the study. It enabled the researchers to

locate the starting point from where to begin this searching

programme.

2.6 Data Collection

To get the best and the authentic result, reliable and first

hand data is required in research. Keeping this in view the

following procedures have been adopted.

2.6.1 Sampling

India is a big country. The Kendriya Vidyalayas are

spread all over the India in each district head quarters and

important areas. Also there are more than 1000 Kendriya

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Vidyalayas in our country which are divided in 18 regions. As a

result it was not possible to collect the data from each and every

library of Kendriya Vidyalayas. As such, sample of about 50

Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries have been taken into consideration

for collection of data. The Vidyalayas are selected in a random

selection way. These Kendriya Vidyalayas belong to Guwahati,

Kolkata and Bhubaneswar regions. From each region almost 40%

Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries were selected. The statistical

representation of sample is as follows:

Table-01

Region wise Number of KVs

Region States covered Total number of KVs

Number of selected KVs

Percentage of selected KVs

Guwahati Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh

42 18 42.8%

Kolkata

West Bengal 55 19 34.5%

Bhubaneswar

Orissa 30 13 43.3%

2.6.2 Data Collection through e-mail

The typed questionnaires in MS-Word format were sent

to the selected Kendriya Vidyalayas and the librarians concerned,

through e-mail. But the researcher was able to get only 12 replies

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through e-mail. The reason being the internet facilities in some

KVs were poor; some KVs did not care about the mail and some

KVs denied giving reply.

2.6.3 Telephonic Collection of Data

As the data collected through e-mail was not sufficient

for the researcher to carry out the study, the librarians were

contacted personally through telephone. In this procedure 18

librarians took their interest and provided the data and valuable

suggestions.

2.6.4 Personal Contact

In order to get some relevant information, data was

collected personally by the researcher through personal contact

with the librarians of some nearest Kendriya Vidyalayas. This

method enables the researcher in making some possible

suggestions for the future development of automation system in

KVS. With this method, the researcher was able to collect data

from 4 Kendriya Vidyalayas.

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The details of data collection are as follows:

Table-02

Details of Data Collection

Sl

No

Particulars Number of KV

libraries

1 Total Questionnaire sent through e-mail 50

2 Received through e-mail 12

3 Information received through telephone 18

4 Personally collected by visiting the

libraries

04

5 Information not received 16

2.7 Limitations

The coverage area of this research is sample

consideration of only 50 Kendriya Vidyalaya libraries taking 3

regions in consideration. However there are more than 1000 KVs

and 18 regions in India. So the research may not show an idea

about other regions as per the whole KVS is concerned. But the

library rules and regulations in all the KVs throughout India are

indifferent. So this study may give a concrete idea. However in

future, this limitation can be eradicated by undertaking a research

work in all the KVs libraries of India.

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Chapter 3

Review

of Related Literature

3.4 Introduction

3.5 Study Conducted in Abroad 3.2.3 UNESCO/IFLA Workshop on Information

Literacy Education and School Library Services

3.2.4 School Library Automation in Malaysian Chinese Secondary Schools: A National Survey

3.6 Study Conducted in India

3.4.1 CBSE and School Library Automation : a Book Review

3.4.2 Report of the National Seminar on School Libraries & the Educational System

3.4.3 Library Automation in Kendriya Vidyalaya,

Pattom

3.5 Relevance of the present study

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3.1 Introduction

A review of related literature and existing study is

commonly a part of the ground clearing and preparatory work

undertaken in initial stage of any research work. It provides a

background for the study, identifies gaps, highlighting some

important works already done. It can be done through two forms,

namely, direct and indirect. Direct literature includes educational

literatures i.e. periodicals, journals, books, thesis, yearbooks,

Government publications etc., indirect literature includes guides

to educational literature i.e. abstracts, bibliographical references,

encyclopedias etc.

The review of literature enables the researcher to define

the limits of the study field. It helps the researcher to delimit and

define his problem. It helps the researcher up-to-date knowledge

about the works of which others have done and this helps to state

the objectives clearly.

3.1 Study Conducted in Abroad

The researcher tried to find out the related studies

conducted outside India, which helped him a lot to understand the

problem in global level and conduct the study. Here two studies

are discussed i.e. one is a workshop and another is a survey

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research. The findings which relate and give direction to this work

are discussed below.

3.2.1 UNESCO/IFLA Workshop on Information Literacy

Education and School Library Services

UNESCO in combination with IFLA organized a

workshop on Information Literacy and School Library Services on

19-22 September 2005 at Bangkok. The report of the workshop

gives an idea about school library services and information

literacy. The findings of the workshop are as follows:

At first, the seminar gives emphasis on training of

teachers and librarians to develop the service situation of the

school libraries. The librarians will have to be properly trained to

apply new technologies in libraries.

Secondly, the seminar gives an idea about status of

library automation in different schools. In one country about 40%

of schools do not have libraries/resource centre. Where there is a

school library or a resource centre, its budget tends to be very

small. Some schools have computers but they are mostly outside

the library, others have computer labs in the school libraries.

Connectivity to the Internet is not widespread and student access

is limited. Other hardware found in some school libraries includes

slide projector, film projector, VCR, VCD/DVD, audio

player/recorder, television, overhead projector, and LCD. Some

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equipments are provided by the Government, others are donated

to the schools. Some schools procured at their own.

Thirdly, it focuses on professional training to school

library staffs. Professional training of library staff paints a grim

picture and huge variations. As per the findings of the seminar the

school library staffs are not receiving requisite professional

training.

3.2.2 School Library Automation In Malaysian Chinese

Secondary Schools: A National Survey

This survey was undertaken to determine the current

status of library automation in Malaysian Chinese Secondary

Schools (MCSSs), which comprise the Independent Chinese

Secondary Schools (ICSS) and the National-type Secondary School

(NTSS). The major findings of the survey are as follows:

1. The study found that circulation is the function mostly

automated by libraries, followed by cataloguing. Other

housekeeping operations are not given priority for automation.

2. The research has also identified important factors in

determining the systems used, and areas need for future planning

initiatives in implementing library automation.

3. It also showed that some libraries that automate circulation

function do not automate cataloguing in addition to its circulation;

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some have cataloguing, acquisition or other modules but do not

have OPAC module. It was found that these libraries only develop

a simple library catalogue in a form of an electronic database, and

they do not treat this as their cataloguing function being

automated.

3. School libraries treat library automation simply as a more

effective way of managing their library collections rather than

creating a better awareness of IT utilization among the educational

community they serve. To nurture an “information rich society”,

much effort is still needed. Ideally, the foundation of information

literacy must be laid in the schools, particularly centred on the

school libraries.

5. There are still school libraries that do not have a broader view

towards library automation. They view library automation as “not

needed for them at present and in future” due to their small

collection size and school population

6. The findings of the study could also provide information for

policy makers to identify what needs to be done as far as library

automation is concerned.

7. The findings could also assist non-automated schools in the

process of choosing, planning and implementing their library

automation. This includes which systems to choose or what

software is available in the market.

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8. This study shows that although management’s decision is the

most important factor in implementing library automation work.

Among teacher librarians, it is easy to justify the necessity of an

automated system; however administrators are not aware of the

value of library automation.

3.3 Study Conducted in India.

Not only in the global level, the researcher also tried to

find out the related studies conducted in India. Three important

studies are taken into consideration. First is the review of a book,

second is the report of a seminar and the last one is the review of

the automation system of a Kendriya Vidyalaya library

3.3.1 CBSE and School Library Automation: a Book Review

CBSE published a handbook titled “Organising School

libraries: Guidelines” especially for libraries of Kendriya

Vidyalayas. Chapter 10 of this book focuses on school library

automation. The chapter describes the requirements, advantages,

procedures and cost effectiveness of library automation and some

library automation softwares. The book describes some measure

areas of automation as follows:

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Advantages of school library automation:

Automation of library leads to labour saving, cost

effective, increases efficiency in speed and operation, ease and

accuracy in data handling, great speed and promptness in

operation, elimination of duplication and great manipulation is

possible.

Impact of automation:

As a result of application of Computer and Information

Communication Technologies and reprographic devices, a great

change can be taken place in school libraries which will lead to

transformation in the area of information processing, storage and

retrieval. Application and use of computers is an established norm

in bibliographical information handling in advanced countries, but

in India the pace of development in libraries is visibly slow.

Nevertheless the things are changing for good and more and more

libraries are turning for automation.

The book describes the areas, which need immediate automation.

These areas are as follows:

1. Database activity such as: creation of local database, online

access to remote databases and downloading of information

2. Library operations like cataloguing, indexing, circulation,

acquisition, inventories and serials control etc.

3. Data communication and networking such as e-mail, message

system, teleconferencing etc.

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4. Management Information system like computing, statistical

manipulation, tabulations, simulations etc.

5. Other applications like e-publishing, document delivery,

translation.

At last, the book describes some important automation softwares

which are useful for school libraries. From this a librarian can get

an idea to choose the software as per the desire and suitability.

Some important softwares described in the book are:

1. ALICE FOR WINDOWS

Alice for Windows is library automation management

software. The Features of this software include:

Complete range of library functions using discrete modules.

Compatible with IBM computers.

It runs on standalone with Windows 95, Windows 98 and

Windows NT Workstation/Server. Also it runs on LAN with

Windows NT platform.

2. CDS/ISIS

The CDS/ISIS is a PC based bibliographic package

developed by UNESCO. This software works on a simple PC/XT

and is also available on UNIX and NOVELL platform. The Windows

Version has also been released.

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3. GYANODAYA

It is Library Management Software developed by

National Institute of Financial Management under Ministry of

Finance, Government of India. The features of this software are:

Installable on any machine that can host Windows 98 or

Windows NT.

Package is self-installing.

Installation may be done on client server platform or on a

single machine.

Carries on all normal and essential library operations such

as

cataloguing, issue/return, reservation of book, serials control,

budgeting, reporting, rapid entry system for book/article entry,

enrolling members, authority tables with indexing, OPAC,

stock taking facility etc.

The software is multilingual and occupies a total 112 MB

space on CD.

4. NETTLIB/VIDYUT

It includes all the known features that are essential for

a modern library i.e. administration, acquisition, cataloguing,

circulation, issue/return, membership, article indexing, serials

control, export/import of data, OPAC.

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Its features are:

Efficient and user friendly

Adherence to international standards

Bar coding generating facility

Multilingual

Web enabling of required services

Unlimited capacity

5. New Genlib

It is a Web-based library automation and information

retrieval system, uses single integrated database making for non-

redundant data storage, efficient data transaction process and

searching. The functional modules included are: acquisition,

cataloguing, circulation, serials control, OPAC, e-mail and instant

messaging integrated in different modules of the software to

ensure efficient communication between library, users and

vendors.

6. SOUL

It has been developed by Information & Library

Network Centre of UGC. It is designed using client server

architecture, which imparts extra strength to storage capacity,

multiple accesses to single database, various levels of security,

backup and storage facilities etc. The software comprises the

modules like: acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, OPAC, serials

control, administration.

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3.3.2 Report of the National Seminar on School Libraries & the Educational System

The two days national seminar on school libraries held

at Trivandrum on 19th and 20th November 1998 gives emphasis on

promotion of reading habits among children and organizing school

libraries.

The important findings and resolutions of the seminar

are as follows:

1. The habit of reading has to be inculcated in children at a very

young stage, the most impressionable period in their life. This calls

for the active functioning of school libraries right from the primary

school level.

2. It is high time for the country to phase out the use of out moded

curricular models, instructional practices and evaluation methods.

Libraries have to be equipped with new resources, technology and

professional manpower in order to promote self-study habit among

children.

3. In order to transform school libraries into learning resource

centres, they should be scientifically organized by qualified

professional so that the libraries may become accessible and

usable to the children.

4. The seminar recommends the setting up of a high power

committee at the national level by the Government of India for

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studying the problems of school libraries and come out with

proposals for a model library system.

5. Parent Teacher Association (PTA) as agencies vitally interested

in the educational advancement and development of the students,

should take special interest in strengthening school libraries. Also

Parents and Teachers should be convinced of the virtues of

reading.

6. The Seminar resolves to urge the Government to take immediate

steps to appoint professional librarians in the Higher Secondary

Schools and High Schools.

7. The Seminar strongly recommends to the Government to

provide library services at the +2 level by starting new libraries

and strengthening the existing ones in schools by laying down

norms in the matter of physical facilities, collection, services, staff

etc. in accordance with the NCERT guidelines.

8. The Seminar welcomes the blue print prepared by SCERT,

Trivandrum for improving the lot of school libraries in the State.

But library association and library experts in the academic library

sector of the state should be associated with the planning process

and its implementation.

9. Government in the states and union territories should evolve

standards for the school libraries. The seminar also urges the

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to take the lead in the

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formulation of school library standards, taking into consideration

of the new IT oriented information environment.

10. Separate library hours should be set apart for students to use

the libraries under the guidance of teachers both for curricular

and extracurricular reading.

11. A policy for weeding out obsolete and unwanted books to make

room for new books added should be evolved.

12. The libraries attached to District Institutes of Education and

Training (DIETs) also have to be organized on scientific lines for

conducting fully fledged orientation programmes for school

librarians.

13. The seminar also strongly recommended to the Government to

take urgent steps to revamp school libraries by using Internet.

14. Avenues of co-operation between school libraries & public

libraries to fill the inadequacies, wherever necessary should be

explored.

3.3.3 Library Automation in Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pattom

Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pattom is situated in

Thiruvananthapuram which is a fully automated library among

Kendriya Vidyalayas in India. To get a better idea on library

automation procedure in Kendriya Vidyalayas, the researcher

intended to review automation procedure of this Vidyalaya. After a

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review on the automation procedure of this Vidyalaya, the

following findings are found out.

Better service to the users is the main priority of a

automated library. Incorporating new technologies to cope with the

ever-changing needs of the users such as online catalogues,

automated circulation, serials control, networking and resource

sharing tends a library to opt automation as the first step.

Process of Automation

A library follows 9 main steps for automation which are as follows:

i) Preparing for automation

ii) System Selection (software and hardware)

iii) Preparing the collection for the automating system

iv) Implementing the Automated system

v) Networking

vi) OPAC

vii) Staff training and user education

viii) Evaluation

ix) Planning for the future

i) Preparing for Automation

Preparing for an automated library system needs

system evaluation and planning before implementation.

Appraisal of current status

Statistics regarding total number of stock, accession of

materials, daily issue and return, time taken for routine activities,

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services given, its effectiveness, etc are taken into consideration to

find a true picture of the current status of the library and identify

the problems facing by the users.

Cost evaluation

The cost contained in every library activity is higher in

the case of a manual system. The human cost is many times

greater than an automated environment.

Budget allocation

Library automation needs a huge initial investment.

Administrators should be informed about the urgency and

usefulness of the process. The fund for the process is earmarked

in the annual budget and extracted from the library allotment.

Administrative support

Strong administrative backing is essential for the

process. The school authority should have a pragmatic vision and

keen support which act as the main factor for success.

ii) System Selection (software and hardware)

Selecting the right integrated library management

software package is very important. The strength of the

automation is mainly depended on the quality of the system

software. A number of software are available in the market. Some

have special school library modules. For the selection certain

things should be remembered.

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Selection criteria

i) User friendliness

ii) Portability

iii) After service

iv) Cost

v) Proper documentation

iii) Preparing the collection for the automating system

To start the technical processing (retrospective

conversion), the materials (books, multimedia and periodicals) for

the process are to be selected and prepared.

Books

The criteria followed in the selection of books are its

usefulness, relevance and physical condition

Periodicals

All the periodicals are included in the selection.

Multimedia

Subject and encyclopedic multimedia CD-ROMs are

selected for the process.

iv) Implementing the Automated System

The implementation phase consists of

Retrospective conversion

Database of members

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Operations

Statistics generation

Training for staff and users.

v) Networking

The main system where the software are loaded and

the data entry are taken place is kept as server. It has been

protected with passwords. The remaining systems in the library

including OPACs and the computer system in the Principal’s room

are networked locally. Proper monitoring and maintenance of the

network is necessary. Updating of the database should be done

when new documents are added.

vi) OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue)

The Online Public Access Catalogue, popularly

known as OPAC is the user interface of the automated system. The

user gets all information regarding the holdings of the library here.

The OPAC system in Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pattom is well

maintained and the users are being given instructions from time

to time for the better use.

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vii) Staff training and User education

The librarian should be well trained in the overall

management and maintenance of the automated system. He/She

will get initial training from the software vendor and has to

continuously update it according to the changing user needs and

technology. In this case the librarians should be given training

from the company. Training sessions on the automated library

system (mainly, OPAC search, finding the book, circulation, etc.)

are conducted for the users. These skill development programmes

can be organized during the library periods. For staff members

special time slots should be planned.

viii) Evaluation

The system must be evaluated for its currency and

effectiveness periodically. User studies can be conducted to assess

the effectiveness of services. Real time oral interviews with the

users and observation techniques can be used. The shortcomings

should be identified and clearing measures be taken. A suggestion

book may be kept in the library to express user’s views.

ix) Planning for the Future

Library is a growing organism. As the technology

changes in the field of information storage and retrieval, the user

needs are also changing. There should be planned Library

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programmes which will incorporate the future needs. Automation

of the library will help to set new targets.

Interlibrary loan and resource sharing

Automation helps to know the availability of a

document in the library through its online catalogue. So, if more

libraries become automated the search for a document became

easier. The required document which is not present in one library

can be loaned from other libraries controlled by interlibrary loan

policies. The resources such as documents, services and staff can

be shared in an automated environment more easily.

Network of Kendriya Vidyalaya Libraries (KVLNET)

When the KV libraries of a cluster or region become

automated they can be networked using LAN or WAN. National

library networks such as NISSAT, NICNET and regional networks

such as DELNET, CALIBNET etc can be linked with KVLNET.

Think.com can act as a technology and resource partner. The

activation of Web-OPAC will facilitate the search of library OPAC

through Internet. The user can renew and reserve a book through

online.

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3.4 Relevance of the present study

Out of the above discussed studies, “the status of school library

automation in Malaysian Chinese secondary schools: a national

survey” is a survey research from which the researcher got a lot of

idea for the conduction of the present research. Other studies

conducted in abroad and India give a basic idea to the researcher

to initiate and select the scope of the present study. The following

views of above literature review are given priority for the initiation

and conduction of the present study.

The status of the library automation, infrastructure and

professional training in different schools outside India which

are valuable findings of the UNESCO/IFLA workshop on

information literacy education and school library services.

To what extent the automation procedure is used and

accepted by different schools outside India, as described in

“the status of school library automation in Malaysian

Chinese secondary schools: a national survey”

Provisions given for school library automation in the book

“Organising School libraries: Guidelines” published by

CBSE.

The area that given priority for the setting up of automated

school libraries in Indian states, which is a major finding of

the “report of the national seminar on school libraries & the

educational system”

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The procedures of school library automation undertaken by

Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, which is

taken as a unique example.

The earlier studies of related literatures revealed

that the library automation in the field of school education has

been existed more theoretically and less practically in majority

number of schools. These works show the procedures of library

automation, the tools and techniques required for it and theories

behind the library automation. So many policies and findings have

been made by organizing different seminars and publishing books.

Most of the above studies are recommending different techniques

for the development of school library services. Also a number of

other studies have been made for the improvement of the

technology development in school libraries. But the question

arises, up to how far the school libraries are utilizing their

recommendations. There is a great difference between giving

theoretical recommendations and applying them practically. The

relevance of the present study is finding out the practical situation

of the school libraries in utilizing above recommendations,

especially in the field of library automation. The researcher’s

objectives of this study are accompanied with the objectives of the

above studies.

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The status of these related works naturally brings out

in our mind, the following questions.

How the related literature concern with the present study?

How far the findings of these studies are different from the

present study and what could be the reason?

How far the findings of present study are relevant the

objectives of the study.

The present study is a comprehensive study of

library automation in the field of school libraries, especially in

Kendriya Vidyalayas. The main factors studied are namely

requirements, status, administrative, financial, services and

problems related with school library automation in KVS.

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Chapter-4

Analysis And

Interpretation

4.10 Introduction

4.11 Requirement of Library Automation in KVS

4.2.8 Provision of Library Automation

4.2.9 Library Timings

4.2.10 Users

4.2.11 Staffs

4.2.12 Collections

4.2.13 Library Housekeeping Operations

4.2.14 Library Services

4.12 Library Automation Software

4.13 Automation and Library Personnel

4.14 Expenditure and Maintenance

4.15 Financial System and Library Automation

4.16 Problems in Initiating Library Automation

4.17 Library Budget for Automation

4.18 Availability of Hardware

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4.1 Introduction

The effectiveness of any research mainly depends on the

techniques and methods followed in conducting the investigation.

A good research is characterized by the sound methodology and

procedures which is useful for the purpose of generalization of the

facts.

Resulting upon the collection of data there arise a need

to organize, analyse and interpret the same followed by

formulation of conclusion and generalization to get a true picture

out of the raw information collected.

The data thus collected has been analysed on the basis

of the questions forwarded.

4.2 Requirement of Library Automation.

Before implementation of any new tool or technique in a

system, it is important to know how it is useful. Initiation of

library automation may spend useful time and resource of the

organization and staff. So, to study the automation system of a

library, it is important to know the relevance of library automation

for the same library. A library, whether automated or non

automated, it comprises some activities which are related with

automation works directly or indirectly. Here the researcher has

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studied some activities of KVS libraries which reflect an overall

understanding about the requirement of library automation in

Kendriya Vidyalayas.

4.2.1 Provision of Library Automation.

A provision is made for a system, when the organization

feels its necessity. To know what provision is there for the library

automation, the researcher gone through the KVS library policy.

Also with the help of questionnaire he wanted to know about the

knowledge of librarian on this provision.

The library policy of KVS, encourage the librarians to

automate the library. Out of 34 respondents, all the respondents

show there positive attitude towards this provision. The provision

for library automation is same for all Kendriya Vidyalayas.

4.2.2 Library Timings

The library timings are in accordance with the school

timings. The libraries remain open on all days except gazetted

holidays, Sunday, second Saturday, school break and vacation.

The daily library timing is from 8:00AM to 2:10PM i.e. 6hours 10

minutes in a day. Also in some school it opens at 7:30 AM and

closes at 1:40PM. The duration of working hour for libraries in all

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schools is same. The breaks and vacation for the libraries are as

follows:

Table-03

Holidays for KVs Librarians

S.N. Holidays Number of

Days

1 Summer Break/Winter Break 10 days

2 Autumn Break 10 days

3 Summer/Winter Vacation 50days

Out of 365 days in a year, the library remains open for

about 200 to 220 days. Managing a library in limited period of

time is surely a difficult task. To manage the time as well as to

save the time of the user manual works should be avoided. Due to

limitation of time the necessity of library automation is realised to

do the works speedily and accurately.

4.2.3 Users

The users of the libraries are the students, teachers,

principal, office staff and other members of the Vidyalaya

concerned. The libraries do not allow people, not belonging to KVS.

The students are the main user group, especially for

whom the school libraries are established. The number of students

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varies in different schools. The variation of student strength in

different schools is as follows.

The above chart shows that, majority number of schools

i.e. 44% schools have the user strength between 501 and 1000.

As per the data collected, the total number of library

users of 34 Kendriya Vidyalayas is 33037. The average numbers of

different groups of users are as follows:

Table-04

User group in KVs Libraries

S.N. User Groups Average Number

1 Students 926

2 Teachers 42

3 Others 3

CHART-1

Total Number of KVs=34

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It means a single library gives services to an average

number of about 1000 users. Out of 1000 members about 926 are

students and others are teachers and staff of the Vidyalaya. The

user groups may be divided as primary students, secondary

students, higher secondary students, teachers and non-teaching

staff. The librarian of the school has to satisfy such a huge

number of users by supplying required information.

4.2.4 Staff

The library is managed by a single staff member i.e. the

Librarian. As per the CBSE school library provision the library

should have a senior librarian, a assistant librarian and a library

attendant. But no school is equipped with this facility. The

librarian himself/herself has to do all the works to manage the

library.

As per the qualification of the librarian is concerned, the

minimum qualification is graduation with bachelor degree in

library science (as per the recruitment rule in KVS). Every

Kendriya Vidyalaya library has a librarian not below the rank of

this qualification. As per the data collection the qualifications of

Librarians are as follows:

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Table-05

Qualifications of Librarians

S.N. Qualification of Librarians Number of KVs

1 Graduation 13

2 Post Graduation/ Above 21

3 Bachelor Degree in Library Science 18

4 Masters Degree in Library Science 16

5 NET/JRF/SLET 2

6 Computer Knowledge 34

From the above table it is clear that, all the librarians

are well qualified to run a school library smoothly. Also they have

knowledge of computer application. This knowledge of computer

application is a desirous qualification during the time of

recruitment of librarians. The library classes are organized in

school period system. The duration of a single period is 35

minutes. The librarians take about 6-7 periods in a day. Giving

library services within stipulated period of time is a difficult task.

Except the library periods, the librarians have to do so many other

school duties such as: escorting the students, organizing school

activities etc.

From the section 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 it is clear that a single

library staff has to satisfy about 1000 users in a limited period of

time. Automation of library is required to decrease the work load of

the librarians.

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4.2.5 Collections

The collections of the KV libraries include mainly books,

magazines and newspapers, CDs, DVDs etc. The following chart

shows the percentage of schools bearing different range of

documents.

The average number of collection of books, Magazines

and Newspapers are as follows.

Table-06

Number of Collections in KVs Libraries

S.N. Documents Average

Numbers

1 Books 7162

2 Magazines 17

3 Newspapers 7

NUMBER OF DOCUMENTS IN KV LIBRARIES CHART-2

CHART-2

Total Number of KVs=34

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It means, a single library staff manage all the works

related to documents, acquisition, their circulation, preservation,

budgeting etc.

4.2.6 Library Housekeeping Operations

A library has to conduct a number of housekeeping

operations for the proper information dissemination. From the

literature survey, questionnaire and personal visiting to KV

libraries it came to know that most of the libraries are managing

the housekeeping operations manually instead of doing with

computer. The number of libraries using computer for different

housekeeping operations are as follows:

Table-07

Use of Computer in Library Housekeeping Operations

S.N. Housekeeping Operations

Number of Libraries

Percentage

1 Acquisition 18 52%

2 Circulation 6 18%

3 Classification and

Cataloguing

0 0%

4 Stock Verification 24 71%

5 Budgeting 25 73%

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About 52% of libraries are using computer for

acquisition of the books. For the most of the libraries, the motive

behind this acquisition is just to keep a record of all the

documents either on MS-word or MS-excel format. It may be

helping the librarian during stock verification of books only.

Acquisition of magazines, journals and newspapers are not being

done in this process.

Circulation is a main function of housekeeping

operation. Library automation is most necessary for the circulation

works. Automated circulation system decreases the work load of

the library professionals. In school library, due to diversity in user

groups the librarians may face problems to supply different

information to different user groups. For the circulation of the

books most of the librarians are using either card system or

register system. The procedures of circulation are as follows:

Table-08

Circulation Procedures

S.N. Circulation Procedure Number of School

Percentage

1 Card System 17 50%

2 Register System 15 44%

3 Automated Circulation 02 6%

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Being an organisation of modern era, most of the

Kendriya Vidyalayas are using non automated circulation system

is a sorrowful task. The librarians are facing a lot of work burdens

for this. Only 6% of the schools are using automated circulation

system. The researcher interacts with them telephonically and

came to know that the librarians entering the data manually in the

computer for the issue and return of the documents. No barcode

system is followed. Hence, these libraries are also not fully

automated. Issue and return of the books in manual way spend a

lot of time of the librarians. The average number of the books

circulated regularly is given below.

Table-09

Average Number of Documents Circulated Regularly S.N. Circulation Average Number

per day.

1 Books issued 108

2 Books Returned 98

In the card system and register system of circulation, the

librarians face a lot of problem to maintain the records. Issuing

books to primary students in this process is very difficult, as they

do not understand the value of the book card or library card.

As per the classification and cataloguing are concerned,

the libraries are not facilitate with these. Even in the automated

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libraries, the OPAC system is also not followed due to presence of

a single computer.

Use of stock verification is being done by computer in

about 71% of the Kendriya Vidyalayas. For the annual stock

verification they enter the accession number of the books in MS-

excel format which help them to check the books present and lost.

Budgeting is being done in computer just to keep data about this.

4.2.7 Library Services

The researcher wanted to know about two main library

services i.e. resource sharing and inter library loan. No library is

following these services for the welfare of the users. The other

library services like current awareness service, selective

dissemination of information, reprography services etc. are far

from the thinking of the librarians. Only the library service

followed is internet service, which is not opened for all users. The

internet service is utilised by the librarians for browsing and

downloading different information. The students in this stage

should be introduced about all these services.

4.3 Library Automation Software

There a number of library automation software available

in market. The softwares like LIBSYS, AUTOLYB, E-

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GRANTHALAYA, NEXLIB, SOUL and LIBSUITE may be used for

the school library. The researcher asked about the software, the

librarians wanted to use. The choice of the librarians is given in

following chart.

Choice of Automation Software

CHART - 3

From the data collected it is observed that most of the

librarians are trying to use E-Granthalaya for its free availability.

The two automated libraries are using this software where as other

15 libraries likely to initiate the automation system through this

software. No library is using costly automation software like

LIBSYS. Out of 34 librarians, 27 librarians showed their interests

to use E-Granthalaya for automating their libraries.

E-Granthalaya: A digital agenda for library automation

and networking, the dynamic library management and networking

Total Number of Librarians=34

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software from NIC is entering the KVs in a big way. There was a

two day hands on training programme on the software at the in

service course going on at KVS ZIET Mysore. KV librarians have

been looking for uniform software for all the KVs in the country for

the last many years and if the E-Granthalaya can fulfill the

requirements, it will revolutionise the libraries and boost up its

prospects as global learning points in the near future.

4.4 Automation and Library Personnel

For the automation of the library, the library personnel

should be well acquainted with the procedure of the automation.

They must have knowledge on library automation software. As the

libraries are managed with a single staff the automation is most

essential to run all housekeeping operations smoothly. The

librarians working in these libraries are well qualified and they

have enough knowledge on library automation. Some librarians

have also experience on working with the software like LIBSYS.

From the collected data the researcher came to know that all the

librarians are interested for the library automation.

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4.5 Expenditure and Maintenance

The school concerned is responsible for the expenditure

and maintenance of the automation of library. As compare with

the school financial level, some automation software costs more.

So the KVS and the school management like to use free

automation software like E-Granthalaya. The researcher interacts

with 2 librarians of automated libraries and came to know that as

the E-Granthalaya is free of cost, the financial system does not

interfere for its maintenance.

4.6 Financial system and Library Automation

Out of 34 respondents only 6 responded that the school

financial system becomes an obstacle for the library automation.

In other 82% of the Vidyalayas have positive attitude towards this.

Some Vidyalayas have sent quotation to purchase costly

automation software. The sorrowful task is that in the annual

budget of the library, no place is there for the funds to library

automation. The school budget mainly focuses on the expenditure

for books and journals. But after initiation of the library

automation, the budget will have a place for the expenditure on

the automation.

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4.7 Problems in Initiating Library Automation

Having a provision of library automation in KVS library

policy; having a great interest of the librarians; having a good

support of the school management, the Kendriya Vidyalaya

Libraries are not fully automated. It seems there are some

problems and obstacles behind this. So the researcher wanted to

know about the problems and constraints in initiating library

automation. The respondents stated their problems as follows:

Table-10

Problems in Initiating Library Automation S.n. Problems in initiating

library automation Number of schools

Percentage

1 Software selection 9 26%

2 Hardware selection 10 29%

3 General training 25 74%

4 Lack of interest of KVS 4 11%

5 Organisation feels that

automation is not required

2 5%

6 Financial problem 6 18%

7 KVS does not provide

automation software

27 79%

8 Remote areas 12 35%

9 Extra duties to librarians 24 71%

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4.7.1. Software Selection

Selection of useful software for the school library

automation is becoming a difficult task for about 26% of the

librarians. The reason is that, good and popular software costs

more and some librarians do not want to use free software due to

their less facility.

The librarians were asked about the software they want

to use for the automation. Most of the librarians want to use the

free or cheap software. The responses of the librarians are:

Table-11

Choice of Automation Software by Librarians S.N. Automation Software Number of

librarians want to use.

1 LIBSYS and others 7

2 E-GRANTHALAYA 27

Out of 34 librarians 27 librarians want to use E-

Granthalaya for automating there library. It is because of flexibility

of this software. Some librarians have initiated automation with

this software. But due to low processor, old form of operating

system and unavailability of internet in the library, they are

unable to proceed forward.

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4.7.2. Hardware Selection

In some libraries the supplied computers have less

memory capacity. Some libraries are having the computers with

64mb RAM and P3 or P4 processors. They have also very old form

of operating system like Window-98. Now-a-days, for most of the

automation software the hardware and software required are

minimum 1GB RAM, Window XP, VISTA or above. Out of 2

automated libraries, one library is using E-Granthalaya. But due

to low capacity of RAM, the OPAC system is not available in the

library.

4.7.3. General Training

About 75% of the respondents complain about lack of

general training for the library automation. The procedure of

teaching learning system is same in all Kendriya Vidyalayas. The

library policy is applicable and obeyed by all schools of the

Sangathan. The KVS should organise general training for the

librarians to initiate library automation. The librarians have

attended in an average of 3 trainings and 1 seminar during their

service period, which is very less for the professional development

of the librarians. The trainings and seminars gives less focus on

library automation and more focus on the other activities of the

libraries.

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4.7.4. Lack of Interest of KVS.

Only 11% of the respondents showed lack of interest for

initiation of library automation. According to them KVS has given

provision of library automation in library policy, but it does not

give emphasis on practical difficulties of the library automation.

4.7.5. Organisation feels that Automation is not required.

In some Kendriya Vidyalayas the Principals are not

acquainted with the term library automation. They feel that

automation means use of computer in library. They do not

understand about the procedure, functions and requirements of

library automation. They also feel that the duties of the librarian

are confined to issue and return of the books. Therefore they do

not take interest for automating the library. Only 5% of the

librarians responded about this complain.

4.7.6. Financial Problem

Financial problem for library automation includes fund

allocation of funds for the automation in library budget,

expenditure for maintenance of automation system etc. Most of

the librarians did not complain about this. About 18% of the

libraries have financial problems for initiating library automation.

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4.7.7. KVS does not provide Automation software.

This is a common problem on which about 79% of the

librarians responded. There are varieties of software available in

market. Some cost more, some less and some software are free of

cost. The librarians are not able to decide which software will be

suitable for them due to so many types of problems discussed

above. As the rules and regulation in all Kendriya Vidyalayas is

same and uniformity exists, the KVS should have contract with

software vendors on this respect to supply same automation

software to all schools.

4.7.8. Remote Areas

Some Kendriya Vidyalayas are present in remote areas

which are not connected with suitable communication system.

Due to which they are not able to get updation on the

technologies. The library professionals who are posted there do not

take interest on the development of the system due to so many

type of personal problems. Some Kendriya Vidyalayas of such

areas have sent the quotation for the library automation software.

But they have not got reply, as the software vendors do not take

interest to supply quotation to such remote areas. About 35% of

the librarians responded about this problem.

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4.7.9. Extra duties to Librarians

Some of the school authorities do not understand the

importance of library and librarians. They feel that absence of the

library from daily duty will not interfere the teaching learning

system of the school. They give more emphasis on academic

results. So they use to give extra duties to librarians inside and

outside the school like:

Escorting the students for sports activities to regional or

national level.

Attending master training course for Bharat Scouts and

Guides.

Responsible duties on arrangement of different school

programmes.

Due to such type of extra burdens, the librarians are

being disturbed from their daily routine works and not able to give

full emphasis on the library’s technological development. This

problem is being faced by 79% of the librarians which is a genuine

problem that must be eradicated.

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4.8 Library Budget for Automation.

The libraries are allocating fund for the books and

magazines in the library budget. As per the rule of the KVS Rupees

50000 per year is allocated for the books and Rupees 1000 or

2000 per month is allocated for the magazines. This amount may

varies as per the financial condition of the school, number of

library users etc. From the collected data the average budget

allocation for different activities are as follows:

Table-12

Budget Allocation for Different Activities S.N. Activities Yearly Budget

Allocation in Rupees

1 Purchasing of Books 80000

2 Purchasing of Magazines and

News

22000

3 Library Automation NIL

4 Stationeries 5000

5 Other NIL

Hence, the library budget is confined to the allocation of

funds for books, magazines and Newspaper and stationary items

required for the library. Libraries are not giving special allocation

of funds for the automation.

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4.9 Availability of Hardware

For the automation of the library, hardware availability

is most important. The hardware may include computers, internet

connectivity, barcode materials etc. Not more than 1 computer is

available in any of the libraries. Out of 34 libraries the availability

of computer and internet facilities are as follows:

Table-13

Availability of Hardware

S.N. Hardware Availability Number of

Libraries

1 Computer 33

2 Internet facility 30

Out of 34 libraries 33 libraries are equipped with

computers and 30 libraries are supplied with internet connection.

The problem is that the number of computer available in each

library is only one and most of the computers have low capacity

RAM and processor. It will interfere for the installation of

automation softwares.

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Chapter-5

Suggestions and

Recommendations

5.11 Introduction

5.12 Planning for Automation

5.13 Hardware and Software Selection

5.14 Use of E-GRANTHALAYA

5.15 Understanding Importance of Automation

5.16 Qualification and Training

5.17 Financial Support for Automation

5.18 Administration and Management

5.19 Role of KVS

5.20 Conclusion

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5.1 Introduction

After interpreting the various data relating to the library

automation in the libraries of Kendriya Vidyalayas of Guwahati,

Bhubaneswar and Kolkata regions, certain important findings

have been obtained. These are given systematically in following

way and some suggestions are also forwarded for further

improvement of status and service conditions of library

automation in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan. The main findings

are discussed in the following section.

5.2 Planning for Automation

Introduction and implementation of new technology in a

system needs proper planning. Planning is the first step in

managing a system. Like other activities, automating a library also

needs planning for its better implementation. Having a great

interest of librarians for automating their libraries, they fail to do

the same for lake of proper planning. They should plan:

for the better understanding of the automating their

libraries

to know the financial expenditure for the automation

for the software and hardware selection

for introducing automation in their libraries as a new

technology

for user friendly implementation of the automation

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The librarians should apply their self motivating

knowledge for the better planning which will give a better direction

to proceed in their works. The librarians of automated libraries

may be consulted to gain knowledge on automation system. The

librarians may visit the related websites and website of Kendriya

Vidyalaya, Pattom, to get an idea about how to plan for the school

library automation.

First, the librarians should not think of their library as

one isolated small library somewhere in a city. They are not alone.

They are part of a greater library community, a global community

reflecting the global world today. They are building a library for the

future, probably networking with others and contributing to

individual and world knowledge. That is why automation and

standards are important, not just for library’s benefit now but also

for the future.

Needs Assessment

The best way to serve the library is to know needs of the

automation. Here are some questions for the Librarian and the

management committee. The librarian should be prepared to

answer or explore the following issues:

• What are the institution's present and future technology

priorities?

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• What are the library's present and future technology priorities?

• What library services and procedures can be improved by

automation?

• How will automation increase library staff productivity, accuracy,

and efficiency, thereby saving money and time?

• Does the library need to have access to all of its books and

materials?

A Needs Assessment is an important step. Librarian

should plan to interview formally or informally in order to define

current and future needs, perceptions (right and wrong), and to

help articulate those needs that exist but are often unknown.

5.3 Hardware and Software Selection

Generally it’s best to decide on software first, and then

hardware. But this may be reversed in case of Kendriya

Vidyalayas. Before selecting any software for the automation, the

librarian should go through the hardware required for different

softwares. The following points may be verified:

Number of computers available

Configuration of computers

Facility of internet connectivity

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After keeping a look over on above phenomenon, the

librarian should think about the software which will be better for

the library. If the availability of the hardware is insufficient for the

installation of the automation, the necessary steps should be

taken to retrieve the required hardware.

For the software selection, the software should be

analysed and proper knowledge should be gained before accepting

the same. The librarian should have a better idea on

Availability of the software

Financial expenditure on the software

Annual maintenance

Flexibility for the librarian and the users

Compatibility of the software with the selected hardware

The librarians should have a sound contact with the

software vendors to select useful software for their libraries. They

should have a sound discussion with their authorities who gives

administrative and financial support to their libraries. The

necessary steps should be taken by the librarians to acquire the

useful software.

For library automation software, the librarians should

check with other smaller libraries in local area and ask for a demo.

They should think how their patrons might benefit from each

software they view. Research takes time, reserve the privilege to

return and view again. There is a number of automation software

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available in market, all of which can perform the basic work for

library automation. It may be recommended to use free or cheap

software in place of buying the costly software.

5.4 Use of E-GRANTHALAYA

E-Granthalaya is library automation software from

National Informatics Centre, Department of Information

Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information

Technology, Government of India. The software has been

designed by a team of experts from software as well as library

and information science discipline. Using this software the

libraries can automate in-house activities as well as user

services. The software can be implemented either in stand-alone

or in client-server mode where database and web OPAC are

installed on the server PC while the data entry program is

installed on client PCs. The software provides LAN/Web based

data entry solutions for a cluster of libraries where a common

database can be created with Union Catalog output. The

software provides web OAPC interface to publish the library

catalog over internet/intranet. The software runs on windows

platform.

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History

E-Granthalaya was started as an in-house project at

'Karnataka State Centre of NIC, Bangalore and first version of the

software was designed for the public libraries in the State. Later,

NIC HQs 'library and information services division' took over the

designing of the software where library professionals were

involved in the designing process and, thus, improved the

software with enhanced user interface and simplify the work-flow

of library functions so that it can suit all kinds of libraries.

Following table shows the release of various versions of the

software:

Table-14

Various Versions of E-Granthalaya

Technology/Platform used Version Year DBMS

Visual Basic 6/ASP/HTML 1.0 2003 MS SQL

Server 7

Visual Basic 6/ASP/HTML 2.0 2005

MS SQL Server 2000

Visual Basic 6/ASP/HTML 2.0 2005

MS SQL Server 2000

VB.NET/ASP.NET 2.0 3.0 2007 MS SQL Server 2005

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System Requirements

For stand-alone mode (all the components to be installed on a

single PC):

Hardware: P IV or above with backup device

OS: Windows XP with SP2 installed/Vista

DBMS: MS SQL Server 2005 (Express Ed)

Connectivity: LAN/Internet Connectivity

For Clietn-Server Mode:

Hardware: P IV or above with backup device

OS: Windows XP with SP2/Vista for Clients

OS: Windows Server 2003 for Server PC

DBMS: MS SQL Server 2005 (Standard Ed)

Connectivity: LAN/Internet Connectivity

Software Components

E-Granthalaya contains following components, some

of these are installed in the Server PC while rest of these are

installed in the Client PCs:

1. Database (MS SQL Server 2005) - Installed on Server PC

(Windows 2003)

2. Web OPAC - Installed on Server PC

3. Reports are installed on Server PC

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E-Granthalaya: A digital agenda for Library Automation

and Networking, the dynamic library management and networking

software from NIC is entering the KVs in a big way. There was a

two day hands on training programme on the software at the in-

service course going on at KVS ZIET Mysore. KV librarians have

been looking for uniform software for all the KVs in the country for

the last many years and if the E-Granthalaya can fulfill the

requirements, it will revolutionise the libraries and boost up its

prospects as Global learning points in the near future.

3. Data entry program - Installed on client PCs

Distribution Policy

The software is provided at zero cost to the

Ministries/Departments/Public/Academic/Universities/Colleges

and School Libraries. Besides, libraries setup in Public / Private

sectors may also approach to the NIC for free copy of the

software. The support and training are also provided to the

above mentioned libraries by NIC state/Districts centres and

other volunteers all over India.

How to get the Software

The e-Granthalaya software can be got from any

District/State Centres of NIC or from NIC headquarters, New

Delhi by sending one official letter from the head of

Organization/library along with duly filled request form.

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In the present survey, it was found that most of the

librarians wanted to use E-Granthalaya as their library

automation software. So many librarians have acquired it to

initiate the automation. The librarians, who are not able to

proceed in this field, should go for the E-Granthalaya. The

software is free of cost and suitable for the small libraries like

libraries of Kendriya Vidyalayas.

KVS should try to provide this software by making a

direct relation with the software vendor. Except E-Granthalaya,

the KVS may select any other software based on the requirement,

use and flexibility in its school libraries. So many librarians have

complained that the problem of initiating library automation is not

providing the software by the KVS. To eradicate this, the E-

Granthalaya may be supplied to all Kendriya Vidyalayas as most

of the librarians take interest on this software.

5.5 Understanding Importance of Automation

The Vidyalayas should feel the importance of automation

as a necessary phenomenon. The advantages of automating school

library should be understood by the librarians as well as school

authorities. There are still libraries that do not have a broader

view towards library automation. They view library automation as

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“not needed for them at present and in future” due to their small

collection size and school population. Such type of thinking should

be eradicated.

5.6 Qualification and Training

The librarians working in Kendriya Vidyalayas are well

qualified. They have enough knowledge to automate a library and

manage it properly. But most of the librarians gave complain

about lake of proper training for automation of the libraries. It is

because of non uniformity in procedure of automation. For this

KVS should organise training and seminars from time to time to

give a uniform direction to proceed in work and update their

knowledge. Just implementing a library policy is not enough in

this respect. KVS also should aware the librarians about what

procedures should be followed for the automation.

5.7 Financial Support for Automation

The Kendriya Vidyalayas are financially rich, as these

are governed by Ministry of HRD. There are also some project

schools which get financial support from the parent organisation.

To introduce automation, the schools may have to obey rule for

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the limitation of automation for different activities. There should

be a place for library automation in financial budget of the library.

The KVS should frame rule which may allow the Vidyalayas allow

sufficient fund in the budget for library automation.

5.8 Administration and Management

With implementation of a good rule for library

automation, the library committee, school administration and KVS

should review the status from time to time. During annual

inspection of the Vidyalayas, the inspection team should have a

special look on this. Some experienced library professionals may

be kept in the inspection panel to give better suggestion for the

improvement of the status.

5.9 Role of KVS

The overall responsibilities regarding any type of

technology development in Kendriya Vidyalayas goes to KVS.

CBSE pattern teaching learning process is followed by the KVS. So

KVS should follow the requirements of library staff and procedures

as mentioned in CBSE guideline. Framing a rule for library

automation and implementing the same to grass hood level is most

essential.

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5.10 Conclusion

Library automation is the process which needs proper

planning, timely implementation and periodical evaluation. The

librarian with the administrators has to set the priorities after

analyzing the current status and future requirements. Selection of

the suitable integrated library management package according to

the needs of the users and the library is important. Retrospective

conversion, OPAC, circulation and serials control, etc. should be

conducted with care. Staff training and user education are keys to

the success of the process. Library automation invites pragmatic

approach. Academic achievement of a student is closely related to

his/her ability to find, evaluate and use the required information

according to the curriculum needs. An automated school library

with a variety of resources and user oriented services can lead

them to the goals.

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REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Agarwal, S.P. (1987). Library and information services in

India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

2. Choovong, Lapapan and Singh, Diljit (2005). Summary

report on UNESCO/IFLA workshop on information literacy

education and school library services.

<http:/www.unescobkk.

org/fileadmin/user.../Bangkok_Executive_Summary.doc>(a

ccessed on 25/08/2010).

3. Cohn, John M. (1997). Planning for library automation: a

practical handbook. London: Library Association Publishing.

4. Education code for Kendriya Vidyalaya (1980). rev.ed. New

Delhi: Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan.

5. E-Granthalaya. < http:/www.egranthalaya.nic.in>(accessed

on 12/08/2010).

6. Faisal, S.L. and Surendran, B. (2008). Report on automation

of library at Kendriya Vidyalaya Pattom

Thiruvananthapuram. <http:/www.librarykvpattom.wordpress.

com> (accessed on 20/08/2010).

7. Fiehn, Barbara (2007). School library automation revisited-

2007. <http:/www.mmischools.com> (accessed on

29/08/2010).

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8. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan. <http:/www.kvsangathan

.nic.in> (accessed on 01-10-2010).

9. Kynjing, Lawaka (2008). Trends in library automation: a

review. MLIS Dissertation. Shillong: North eastern Hill

University.

10. Michael, Schuyler and Elliott, Swanson (1991). Systems

librarian guide to computers, London.

11. Nelson, Nancy Melin (1990). Library technology 1970-1990:

shaping of the future, London.

12. Organising school libraries- guidelines (2007).New Delhi:

CBSE.

13. Patel, Jashu and Kumar, Krishan (2004). Libraries and

librarianship in India. London: Greenwood Press

14. Rao, Ravichandra I.K. (1992). Library automation.2nd ed.

New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Limited.

15. Report of the national seminar on school libraries &

educational system (1998). < http:/www.keralalibrary

association.org /downloads/schoollibraries.pdf > (accessed

on 26/08/2010).

16. Satija, M.P. (2008). Survey Research. In: MLIE-102, Block

1, Unit 3 course materials. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi

National Open University.

17. William, Saffady (1999). Introduction to automation for

librarians. 4th ed. American Library Association.

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APPENDIX

1. QUESTIONNAIRE

To

The Librarian

Kendriya Vidyalaya

……………………….

(Through the Principal of KV concerned)

Sub: Questionnaire on status of library automation in your Vidyalaya.

Sir/Madam

You are requested to fill up this questionnaire. Your

cooperation in providing data will be highly appreciated and your answer

will be kept confidential.

Please answer the questionnaire by selecting proper choice,

deleting improper choice and writing relevant suggestion according to

your view and reply to the sender through e-mail in MS-Word or PDF file

within 7 days.

Thanking You

Yours faithfully

Prasanta Kumar Meher

MLIS student, IGNOU

NEHU, Shillong-793022

Mob: 09436701959

e-mail: [email protected]

QUESTIONNAIRE

(Requirement of Library Automation) 1) Name and Address of KV:

2) Name of Librarian (optional):

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3) Year of establishment of KV:

4) Year of establishment of School Library:

5) Academic Qualification: (Delete the improper choice)

5.1 Graduation(BA/BSc/BCom)

5.2 Post Graduation(MA/Msc/MCom)

5.3 M Phil

5.4 Phd

5.5 Any other (please specify):

6) Have you qualified NET/JRF/SLET? YES/NO

7) Professional Qualification(Delete the improper choice)

7.1 BLISc

7.2 MLISc

7.3 Any other (please specify):

8) Do you have Computer Knowledge YES/NO (Delete the

improper choice)

If Yes

8.1 Certificate Course

8.2 Diploma

8.3 PG Diploma

8.4 Degree

8.5 Computer programme on Library Automation

8.6 Any other (please specify):

9) What are the Library timings? (Delete the improper choice)

9.1 Monday to Friday

9.2 Saturday

9.3 Sunday

9.4 Holidays

10) What is the total number of collections of:

10.1 Books: ( )

10.2 Journals: ( )

10.3 CDs/DVDs etc. : ( )

11) Who are eligible for Library membership? (Delete the improper

choice)

11.1 Students

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11.2 Teachers

11.3 Principal

11.4 Any other (please specify):

12) In your school, what is the total number of library users?

12.1 Students: ( )

12.2 Teachers: ( )

12.3 Any other (please specify):

13) Number of staff in Library

13.1 Professional ( )

13.2 Non-professional ( )

13.3 Any other (please specify):

14) What is the duration of Books/Documents issued to students

(Delete the improper choice)

14.1 7 days

14.2 15 days

14.3 1Month

14.4 Any other (please specify):

15) What is the duration of Books/Documents issued to teachers

(Delete the improper choice)

15.1 7 days

15.2 15 days

15.3 1Month

15.4 Any other (please specify):

16) How do you conduct circulation of books/documents? (Delete the

improper choice)

16.1 Register System

16.2 Card System

16.3 Semi Mechanical System

16.4 Automated Circulation System

16.5 Any other (please specify):

17) Do you have Computer available in your Library? YES/NO

If YES Number of Computers ( )

18) Do you have Internet facility available in your Library. YES/NO

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19) Do you take help of computer for different library housekeeping

operations? YES/NO

If YES for which library housekeeping operations (Delete the

improper choice)

19.1 Acquisition

19.2 Circulation

19.3 Cataloguing

19.4 Classification

19.5 Stock Verification

19.6 Budgeting

19.7 Any other (please specify):

20) Does the library participate in (Delete the improper choice)

20.1 Inter library loan

20.2 Resource sharing

21) What is the average number of books/documents issued daily?( )

22) What is the average number of books/documents returned daily? ( )

23) Who frames the library rules? ( )

24) Who provides financial support to the library? ( )

25) Library Budget (in Rs.):

25.1 For books:

25.2 For journals:

26) Do you attend trainings & seminars? YES/NO

If yes

26.1 Number of trainings attended : ( )

26.2 Number of seminars/workshops: ( )

27) How do you provide library services to the students? (Delete the

improper choice)

27.1 As per student’s need

27.2 During library periods to the students

28) How many library periods do you take per day? ( )

29) Has the library introduced AUTOMATION? YES/NO

If YES follow section A

If NO follow section B

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SECTION A 1) When did the automation start? (year/month) ( )

2) Which automation software is being used?

2.1 LIBSYS

2.2 AUTOLIB

2.3 E-GRANTHALAYA

2.4 GRANTHALAYA

2.5 LIBSUITE

2.6 NEWGENLIB

2.7 NEXLIB

2.8 SLIM21

2.9 SOUL

2.10 Any Other( please specify ):

3) Did the KVS supply library automation software? YES/NO

4) Which housekeeping operations are being done by automation?

4.1 Acquisition

4.2 Circulation

4.3 Cataloguing

4.4 Inter-library loan

4.5 Serials

4.6 Export and import of data

4.7 Budgeting

4.8 Reports

4.9 OPAC

4.10 Any other (please specify):

5) Who gives financial support for automation? ( )

6) What was the expenditure in introducing automation? About Rs.(

)

7) What is the expenditure in annual maintenance of automation?

About Rs. ( )

8) How many computers are being used for automation( )

9) Are the users feeling easy access to automation? YES/NO

10) Did you face any problem for Library Automation? (Please

Mention)

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SECTION B

1) Is there provision of Library Automation in KVS Library Policy?

YES/NO

2) Do you want automation in your Library? YES/NO

3) Have you initiated for library automation? YES/NO

4) Which of the following automation software do you want to use?

(Delete the improper choice)

4.1 LIBSYS

4.2 AUTOLIB

4.3 E-GRANTHALAYA

4.4 GRANTHALAYA

4.5 LIBSUITE

4.6 NEWGENLIB

4.7 NEXLIB

4.8 SLIM21

4.9 SOUL

4.10 Any other(please specify)

5) Does the school financial system become an obstacle for financial

support to library automation? YES/NO

6) Have you ever discussed with your school authority for library

automation? YES/NO

7) Does the KVS supply library automation software? YES/NO

8) Have you ever sent quotation for library automation software to

different software providers? YES/NO

9) Have you received the reply of quotation? YES/NO

10) What may be the problems of initiating library automation? (Delete

the improper choice)

10.1 Software selection

10.2 Hardware selection

10.3 General training

10.4 Lack of interest of KVS

10.5 Organization feels that automation is not required

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10.6 Financial problem

10.7 KVS does not provide automation software

10.8 Location of the School in remote areas forms a

hindrance as software venders decline to supply their

products.

10.9 Other if any(please specify )

SUGGESTION

You are welcome to give your own comments and opinions or add some

more information regarding the improvement of library automation in

your organization.

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Acquisition, 50, 72

ALICE FOR WINDOWS, 48

Arunachal Pradesh, 36, 38

Assam, 36, 38

AUTOLYB, 74

Automated library, 28

Automation Software, 48, 74, 75, 77, 82,

90, 91, 95,

Automation, 3 , 61, 64, 64, 65

Bhubaneswar, 35, 38, 87

Budget, 55, 84

Budgeting, 74

Bureau of Indian Standards, 52

CALIBNET, 59

Career guidance and counseling, 15, 10

Catalogue, 5, 59, 50, 73

CBSE, 41, 46, 60, 68, 97

CDS/ISIS, 48

Central Schools, 4

Chinese Secondary Schools, 41

Circulation, 50, 54, 58, 72, 72, 73, 73, 98

Class libraries, 18

Classification, 14 , 5, 73

Computer and Internet access, 14

Computer application, 69

Current awareness service, 74

DELNET, 59

Department of Information Technology, 91

Dewey Decimal Classification, 14

Dictionaries, 12

DIET, 53

DRTC, 22

Educational Survey, 6

Educational System, 2

E-GRANTHALAYA, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 91,

95

Encyclopedias, 12

E-resources, 9

Europe, 5

Government of India, 2, 3, 49, 52, 91

Guwahati, 38, 87,35

GYANODAYA, 49

Hollerith, 21

Housekeeping operation, 72, 44, 71, 23

HRD, 3, 96

ICT, 23

IFLA, 4, 41, 43, 60

Independent Chinese Secondary Schools, 44

India, 6, 22, 29, 36, 40, 41, 42 , 46, 53, 60

Indianness, 4

Information and Communication, 23

Information and retrieval system, 29

Information literacy, 4

Information retrieval, 50

Information services, 6

Information storage and retrieval, 23, 3

INSDOC, 22

Inter alia, 4

Inter library loan, 74, 59, 59

Internet, 26, 89

Kendriya Vidyalaya, 7

Kendriya Vidyalaya Library, 34, 35, 36, 47

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, 3, 6, 87

Kolkata, 35, 38, 87

KV, 59, 71, 94

KVLNET, 59

KVs , 40, 76, 94

KVS, 29, 30, 3, 33, 36, 39, 62, 65, 65, 7, 76,

77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 94, 95, 96, 97

Libraries & the Educational System, 41

Library automation and information

retrieval system, 50

INDEX

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Library Automation, 20, 21, 21, 22, 23, 24,

29, 30, 37, 41 , 44 , 46, 47, 50, 55, 60, 72,

76, 77, 78, 78, 78, 79, 81, 88, 97, 98

Library committee, 16 , 11 , 17, 17

Library housekeeping, 20, 21

Library of congress, 21

Library Personnel, 76

Library policy, 7, 29, 65, 78

Library resources, 2 , 28

Library Services, 74

Library software, 27

Library Timings, 65

LIBSUITE 75

LIBSYS, 74,75, 76, 79

Literature Survey, 37

Malaysian Chinese Secondary Schools, 44,

60

MARC,21

MEDLARS, 21

Meghalaya,36, 38

Ministry of Communications and

Information Technology, 91

Ministry of Finance, 49

Monitoring and Evaluation, 19

Multimedia, 56

Mysore, 76, 94

National Informatics Centre, 91

National Institute of Financial Management,

49

National Survey, 41

National-type Secondary School, 44

NCERT, 52, 6

Needs Assessment, 89

NETTLIB/VIDYUT, 49

Networking, 54, 57

New Genlib, 50, 50

NEXLIB, 75

NIC, 76

OPAC, 45, 49, 50, 54, 57, 58, 59, 74, 80,91,

98

Open access system, 10

Orissa, 36

Pattom, 41, 53, 57, 61, 88

Primary classes, 17

Primary school, 2

Public libraries, 53

Public Schools, 22

Ranganathan’s fifth law, 33

Reprography services 74

Research methodology, 31, 36

Resource sharing, 54, 59, 74

Retrospective conversion, 56, 98

SCERT, 52

School education, 2

School Libraries, 2, 23, 3, 53, 7, 51, 52

School Library Automation, 41, 46

School Library, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25, 29, 30, 41,

43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 60, 61, 68, 75, 95

Selective dissemination of information, 74

Serials control, 50, 54, 98

Sikkim, 36 , 38

SOUL, 75, 50, 50

Southeast Asia, 4

Stock verification, 74

System Selection, 55

Teaching-learning programmes , 7

Technical processing, 56

Thiruvananthapuram, 53, 61

Trivandrum, 2, 52

UGC, 50

UNESCO, 4, 41, 43, 48, 60

Union Catalogue, 22, 91

University of Texas, 21

US, 21

Web browser, 27

West Bengal, 36, 38

ZIET, 76, 94