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President Fujimori of President Fujimori of Peru is an example of Peru is an example of
what can happen when a what can happen when a government has nothing government has nothing
to limit its power. to limit its power.
There are many ways There are many ways that governments are that governments are
kept in “check” (limited) kept in “check” (limited) so they won’t have too so they won’t have too
much power. much power.
Checks on Checks on GovernmentGovernment
ConstitutionConstitution
Rule of Rule of LawLaw
Minority Minority RightsRights
Consent of the Consent of the GovernedGoverned
Separation of Separation of PowerPower
Here’s how a constitution limits government:
› Tells how laws are made
› Sets rules for how the government functions
› Lists the rights and responsibilities of citizens
Most countries have written constitutions
A constitution is the rulebook for a country’s government.
When President When President Fujimori took Fujimori took
control of Peru’s control of Peru’s government, government,
what did he do what did he do to Peru’s to Peru’s
constitution? constitution?
Listing the _________ and Listing the _________ and the _______________ of the _______________ of citizenscitizens
Telling how ________ are Telling how ________ are mademade Setting ________ for the Setting ________ for the
governmentgovernment
Constitutions limit government Constitutions limit government by:by:
laws
rules
responsibilities
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rights
Here’s how the rule of law limits government:
› The law applies to everyone
› Even the president must follow the law
› The government can’t take illegal actions
Rule of law means that nobody is above the law.
The rule of law is stronger in some countries than it is in others.
2005 – Worldwide Governance Indicators
Strongest (90-100%)Strong (75-90%)
Average (50-75%)
Weak (25-50%)
Weaker (10-25%)
Weakest/None(0-10%)
Check this out:
When President Fujimori took control of the
government, did he follow the law?
The law applies to The law applies to ________________________
The government cannot The government cannot take actions that are take actions that are __________________
Even the ___________ must Even the ___________ must follow the lawfollow the law
The rule of law limits The rule of law limits government because:government because:
everyone
President
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illegal
Here’s how separation of power limits government:
› No branch has all the power
› Each branch can “check” (limit) what the other branches do
› Responsibilities are balanced among the branches
Separation of power divides power among different branches of government.
Lots of countries Lots of countries around the world separate power around the world separate power into branches!into branches!
Check this outCheck this out::
United United StatesStates
HungaryHungary
PakistaPakistann
FijiFiji
EgyptEgyptMoroccoMorocco
IcelanIcelandd
IndonesiIndonesiaa
IranIran
GreecGreecee
ChileChile
JapanJapan
JamaicJamaicaa
FranceFranceCanadaCanada
MexicoMexico
PanamPanamaa
AND AND MORE!MORE!
Which branch Which branch did President did President
Fujimori get rid Fujimori get rid of when he took of when he took
control of control of Peru’s Peru’s
government?government?
No branch has all the _______No branch has all the _______
Responsibilities are Responsibilities are ___________ among all the ___________ among all the branchesbranches
Each branch can Each branch can “________” what the other “________” what the other branches dobranches do
Separation of power limits Separation of power limits government because:government because:
power
check
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balanced
Here’s how consent of the governed limits government:
› Citizens have the right to vote
› Citizens can use their vote to change how the government is run
› By voting, citizens could even change the constitution
Consent of the governed means that the citizens give their permission for the government to operate.
Election Posters from Around the WorldElection Posters from Around the World
Citizens in many Citizens in many countries around the world have the countries around the world have the right to vote.right to vote.
Check this outCheck this out::
When President When President Fujimori took Fujimori took control of the control of the
government, did government, did the majority of the majority of Peru’s citizens Peru’s citizens support him?support him?
Citizens have the right Citizens have the right to________to________
By voting, citizens could By voting, citizens could even change the even change the ____________________________
Citizens can use their vote Citizens can use their vote to __________ how the to __________ how the government is rungovernment is run
Consent of the governed Consent of the governed limits government because:limits government because:
vote
change
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Constitution
Here’s how minority rights limit government:
› Everyone’s rights are protected
› Nobody is too unimportant to be treated equally under the law
› Even unpopular groups must be treated fairly
Minority rights give protection of the law to every group of people, no matter how small.
When President When President Fujimori took Fujimori took control of the control of the
government, was government, was he looking out for he looking out for the rights of all the rights of all people (even people (even
suspected suspected terrorists)?terrorists)?
Everyone’s rights are Everyone’s rights are ______________________
Even ____________ groups Even ____________ groups must be treated fairlymust be treated fairly
Nobody is too _____________ Nobody is too _____________ to be treated equally under to be treated equally under the lawthe law
Minority rights limit Minority rights limit government because:government because:
protected
unimportant
Quick Quick Review! Review!
unpopular
Let’s Let’s review! review!
The rulebook for a The rulebook for a government is government is
called… called…
A A constitutionconstitution
!!Good Job!Good Job!
Splitting a Splitting a government into government into
different branches is different branches is called… called…
Separation Separation of Power!of Power!
Keep it up!Keep it up!
Protecting even Protecting even small or unpopular small or unpopular groups of people is groups of people is
called…called…
Minority Minority Rights!Rights!
You’re on a roll!You’re on a roll!
A country where A country where citizens show their citizens show their
approval or disapproval approval or disapproval by voting has…by voting has…
Consent of Consent of the the
Governed!Governed!Nice one!Nice one!
A country where A country where nobody is above the nobody is above the
law has …law has …
Rule of Law!Rule of Law! Way to go!Way to go!
Discuss It:Discuss It: Which limits did President Fujimori Which limits did President Fujimori have after he took control of the government?have after he took control of the government?
Constitution
Rule of Law
Separating Power
Minority Rights
Consent of the Governed
What do you think?What do you think?
Is it enough for a Is it enough for a government to have only government to have only
one limitation on its power?one limitation on its power?