MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCESMULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

ContentsContents• IntroductionIntroduction• The differences between traditional The differences between traditional

view and MI theoryview and MI theory• Principles of MI theoryPrinciples of MI theory• The 8 intelligencesThe 8 intelligences• ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction• The theory of Multiple Intelligences was The theory of Multiple Intelligences was

developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner and first published in his book, Gardner and first published in his book, ‘Frames of Mind.’ The book strongly ‘Frames of Mind.’ The book strongly suggests that everybody has a different suggests that everybody has a different mind, and no two profiles of intelligence mind, and no two profiles of intelligence are the same. Therefore, the traditional are the same. Therefore, the traditional concept of measuring intelligence by concept of measuring intelligence by I.Q testing is far too restricted. I.Q testing is far too restricted.

IntroductionIntroduction• From the From the 8 primary intelligences8 primary intelligences, an , an

individual may excel in one, two or even individual may excel in one, two or even three of these, but nobody’s good at three of these, but nobody’s good at them all. Equally the same rule applies them all. Equally the same rule applies to a child prodigy or mentally/physically to a child prodigy or mentally/physically disadvantaged person. A brain damaged disadvantaged person. A brain damaged child could have a severely impaired child could have a severely impaired use of language, but be able to paint or use of language, but be able to paint or play music magnificently. play music magnificently.

According to Gardner, According to Gardner, intelligence is:intelligence is:1.1. The ability to create an effective The ability to create an effective

product or offer a service that is product or offer a service that is valued in a culture valued in a culture

2.2. A set of skills that make it possible A set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve problems in life for a person to solve problems in life

3.3. The potential for finding or creating The potential for finding or creating solutions for problems, which solutions for problems, which involves gathering new knowledge involves gathering new knowledge

Traditional View of Traditional View of “Intelligence”“Intelligence” PPeople are born with a fixed amount of eople are born with a fixed amount of

intelligence.intelligence. Intelligence level does not change over a Intelligence level does not change over a

lifetime.lifetime. Intelligence consists of ability in logic Intelligence consists of ability in logic

and language.and language. In traditional practice, teachers teach In traditional practice, teachers teach

the same material tothe same material to everyone.everyone. Teachers teach a topic or "subject."Teachers teach a topic or "subject."

MI TheoryMI Theory Human beings have all of theHuman beings have all of the

intelligences, but each person has a intelligences, but each person has a unique combination, or profile.unique combination, or profile.

We can all improve each of the We can all improve each of the intelligences, though some people will intelligences, though some people will improve more readily in one improve more readily in one intelligence area than in others.intelligence area than in others.

There are many more types of There are many more types of intelligence which reflect different intelligence which reflect different ways of interacting with the worldways of interacting with the world

MI TheoryMI Theory M.I. pedagogy implies that teachers teach M.I. pedagogy implies that teachers teach

and assess differently based on individual and assess differently based on individual intellectual strengths and weaknesses.intellectual strengths and weaknesses.

Teachers structure learning activities around Teachers structure learning activities around an issue or question and connect subjects. an issue or question and connect subjects. Teachers develop strategies that allow for Teachers develop strategies that allow for students to demonstrate multiple ways of students to demonstrate multiple ways of understanding and value their uniqueness.understanding and value their uniqueness.

Traditional teacherTraditional teacherLECTURES while standing at the front LECTURES while standing at the front

of the classroomof the classroomWRITES on the blackboardWRITES on the blackboardASKS students questions about the ASKS students questions about the

assigned reading or handoutsassigned reading or handoutsWWAITS while students finish their AITS while students finish their

written workwritten work

MI TEACHERMI TEACHERLECTURES and WRITES LECTURES and WRITES on the whiteboard on the whiteboard

at the front of the roomat the front of the roomBUT ALSO BUT ALSO shifts methods of presentation shifts methods of presentation

from linguistic to spatial to musical and so from linguistic to spatial to musical and so on, often combining intelligences in on, often combining intelligences in crcreeative ways such as:ative ways such as:o Drawing pictures on the whiteboardDrawing pictures on the whiteboardo Showing a videotape to illustrate an ideaShowing a videotape to illustrate an ideao Playing music at some time during the dayPlaying music at some time during the dayo Providing hands-on experiencesProviding hands-on experienceso Having students interacting with each other in Having students interacting with each other in

different waysdifferent ways

Principles of Multiple Principles of Multiple Intelligence TheoryIntelligence Theory1.1. Intelligence is not singularIntelligence is not singular;; intelligences intelligences

are multiple.are multiple.

2.2. Every person is a unique blend of Every person is a unique blend of dynamic intelligences. dynamic intelligences.

3.3. Intelligences vary in development, both Intelligences vary in development, both within and among individuals.within and among individuals.

Principles of Multiple Principles of Multiple Intelligence TheoryIntelligence Theory4.4. All intelligences are dynamicAll intelligences are dynamic..

5.5. Multiple intelligences can be identified Multiple intelligences can be identified and described.and described.

6.6. Every person deserves opportunities to Every person deserves opportunities to recognize and develop the multiplicity of recognize and develop the multiplicity of intelligencesintelligences..

Principles of Multiple Principles of Multiple Intelligence TheoryIntelligence Theory7.7. The use of one of the intelligences The use of one of the intelligences

can be used to enhance another can be used to enhance another intelligenceintelligence..

8.8. Personal background density and Personal background density and dispersion are critical to knowledge, dispersion are critical to knowledge, beliefs, and skills in all intelligencesbeliefs, and skills in all intelligences..

Dr. Gardner proposes eight Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences:different intelligences:1.1. Verbal/Linguistic intelligenceVerbal/Linguistic intelligence

("word smart")("word smart")2.2. Logical/Mathematical Logical/Mathematical

intelligenceintelligence ("number/reasoning ("number/reasoning smart") smart")

3. 3. Visual/Spatial intelligenceVisual/Spatial intelligence ("picture smart") ("picture smart")

4. 4. Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence ("body smart") ("body smart")

Dr. Gardner proposes eight Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences:different intelligences:5. 5. Musical/Rhythmic intelligenceMusical/Rhythmic intelligence

("music smart") ("music smart") 6. 6. Interpersonal intelligence Interpersonal intelligence

("people smart") ("people smart") 7. 7. Intrapersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence ("self ("self

smart") smart") 8. 8. Naturalist intelligence Naturalist intelligence ("nature ("nature

smart")smart")

Verbal/LinguisticVerbal/Linguistic• It is the ability to use with clarity the It is the ability to use with clarity the

core operations of language. The core operations of language. The communicating of humans by reading, communicating of humans by reading, writing, listening, speaking, and linkingwriting, listening, speaking, and linking. .

→Author Author →Speaker Speaker →Talk-Show HostTalk-Show Host

Logical/MathematicalLogical/Mathematical• It’s the cIt’s the critical ritical tthinking hinking sskills ofkills of

ssequencingequencing, analyzing, estimating, , analyzing, estimating, inquiry, elaborationinquiry, elaboration

→EngineerEngineer→ScientistScientist→DoctorDoctor

Visual/SpatialVisual/Spatial• ItIt is the capacity to perceive the visual is the capacity to perceive the visual

world accurately and to be able to recreate world accurately and to be able to recreate one’s visual experiences. It involves the one’s visual experiences. It involves the ability to see form, color, shape, and texture ability to see form, color, shape, and texture in the “mind’s eye” and to transfer these to in the “mind’s eye” and to transfer these to concrete representation in art form.concrete representation in art form.

→SculptorSculptor→PainterPainter→Graphic DesignerGraphic Designer

Bodily/KinestheticBodily/Kinesthetic• The bodily/kinesthetic intelligence The bodily/kinesthetic intelligence

enables us to control and interpret enables us to control and interpret body motions, to manipulate physical body motions, to manipulate physical objects, and to establish harmony objects, and to establish harmony between the mind and body.between the mind and body.

→ActorActor→AthleteAthlete→DancerDancer

Musical/RhythmicMusical/Rhythmic• The ability to use the core set of The ability to use the core set of

musical elements—pitch, rhythm, musical elements—pitch, rhythm, and tone, and the acute awareness and tone, and the acute awareness of sound in one’s environmentof sound in one’s environment

→SingerSinger→DancerDancer→DJDJ

InterpersonalInterpersonal• The interpersonal intelligence is the ability The interpersonal intelligence is the ability

to get along with, interact with, work with, to get along with, interact with, work with, and motivate others toward a common goal. and motivate others toward a common goal. It involves the capacity to understand and It involves the capacity to understand and interpret others’ moods, temperaments, interpret others’ moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions.motivations, and intentions.

→TeacherTeacher→SalespersonSalesperson→Political LeaderPolitical Leader

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal• Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability

to form an accurate model of oneself, to form an accurate model of oneself, and to use that model to operate and to use that model to operate effectively in life. It is the ability to effectively in life. It is the ability to know oneself and assume responsibility know oneself and assume responsibility for one’s life and learning.for one’s life and learning.

→AuthorAuthor→PsychologistPsychologist→PhilosopherPhilosopher

NaturalistNaturalist• To understand the natural world To understand the natural world

including plants, animals and scientific including plants, animals and scientific studies. To be able to recognize and studies. To be able to recognize and classify individuals, species and classify individuals, species and ecological relationships.ecological relationships.

→Veterinarian Veterinarian →FarmerFarmer→ExplorerExplorer

ConclusionConclusion• The idea of Multiple Intelligences has The idea of Multiple Intelligences has

attracted the interest of many attracted the interest of many educators as well as the general educators as well as the general public. Schools that use MI theory public. Schools that use MI theory encourage learning that goes beyond encourage learning that goes beyond traditional books, pens, and pencils.traditional books, pens, and pencils.

ConclusionConclusion• Teacher and parents who recognize Teacher and parents who recognize

their learners’/children’s particular their learners’/children’s particular gifts and talents can provide learning gifts and talents can provide learning activities that build on those inherent activities that build on those inherent gifts. As a result of strengthening gifts. As a result of strengthening such differences, individuals are free such differences, individuals are free to be intelligent in their own ways. to be intelligent in their own ways.

It's not how smart you It's not how smart you are, are, 

                it's how you are it's how you are smart!smart!

Howard Gardner Interview, "Common Miracles" ABC 1993

True or FalseTrue or False According to MI theory, iAccording to MI theory, intelligence ntelligence level does not change over a lifetime.level does not change over a lifetime. TT//FF MI teacher often MI teacher often combincombineses intelligences in crintelligences in creeative waysative ways. . TT//FFTheThe ability to use with clarity the core ability to use with clarity the core operations of languageoperations of language is is interpersonal intelligenceinterpersonal intelligence.. TT//FF

ResourcesResources• http://http://

www.multipleintelligencetheory.www.multipleintelligencetheory.co.uk/co.uk/

• http://http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htmmultiple_intelligences.htm

TRUE

FALSE