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Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of Chlorophyta

Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

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Page 1: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Microsatellite  ana

lysis  in  

organelle  geno

mes  of  

Chlorophyta    

Page 2: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Microsatellites…  

Page 3: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Simple  Sequence  Repeats  (SSRS)  Simple  Sequence  Length  Polymorphisms  (SSLPS)    

Page 4: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Highly  Abundant  In  Prokaryotes  And  Eukaryotes    

Page 5: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Both  In  Coding  And    Non-­‐Coding  Regions    

Page 6: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Neutral?    

Page 7: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Hot  Spot!  

Page 8: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Inherently  Unstable  Mendelian  Manner  

Page 9: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Highly  Variable    

Page 10: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Powerful  GeneMc  Markers:    Locus-­‐specific  Co-­‐dominant  PCR-­‐based    Highly  Polymorphic    

Page 11: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

DistribuMon  Of  SSRs  In  The  Genome  Is  Not  Random!  

Page 12: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Previous:      Coding  Or  Gene-­‐rich  Regions  

+    Nuclear-­‐  Genome  Based    

Page 13: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Current  :      DeterminaMon  At  The  Whole    Genome  Level!  

Page 14: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Chloroplast  And  Mitochondrial    Genomes  Of  Chlorophyta  

Page 15: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Organelle  genome  sequence  source    

Page 16: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

IdenMficaMon  of  SSRs    

Page 17: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Frequency  Of  SSRs  In  Chloroplast  And  Mitochondrial  Genomes    

1

Page 18: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Varying  

Page 19: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

The  Frequencies  Of  SSRs  

Chloroplast   Mitochondria  

Page 20: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Algal  Species  :  No  RelaMonship    Between  The  Frequencies  Of  Simple  And  Compound  SSRs    

Page 21: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

DistribuMon  of  SSRs  in  genic  and  intergenic  regions  

2

Page 22: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Intergenic  Regions  

Genic  And  Intragenic  Regions    

The  Major  ProporMon  Of  SSRs    

Page 23: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Chloroplast  

Page 24: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Mitochondria  

Page 25: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

“The  differences  in  frequency  suggest  that  the  polymorphism  associated  with  coding  regions  is  lower  than  non-­‐coding  region.”  

non-­‐coding  region   coding  region  

Page 26: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

“The  microsatellite  pa^erns  making  it  impossible  to  measure  associated  relatedness  and  polymorphism  present  within  alleles.”    

Page 27: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

SSR  Pa^erns    

3

Page 28: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

mono-­‐nucleoMde  repeats,  poly  A/T.    

Page 29: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

DinucleoMde  repeat  pa^erns  were  less  frequent  Maximum  dinucleoMde  repeats  was  poly  AT/TA  

Page 30: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

The  major  di-­‐nucleoMde  repeat  

pa^ern  in  Chlorophyta  

organellar  genomes  had  shown  the  similarity  with  organelle  and  

nuclear  genomes  of  higher  taxa  

Page 31: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

In  very  minute  amounts  other  repeat  pa^ern  tetra-­‐,  penta-­‐,  hexa-­‐  were  observed  

Page 32: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

SSRs  in  nuclear  ESTs  of  other  plant  species  and  some  cereal  species  tri-­‐nucleoMde  repeats  were  the  most  abundant  class  followed  by  di-­‐nucleoMde  repeats    

Page 33: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

FuncMonal  categorizaMon  of  genes  having  microsatellites    

4

Page 34: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

In  all  chloroplast    genomes…  

In  mitochondrial    genomes…  

Page 35: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Conclusion    

Page 36: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

The  study  is  important  in  term  of  revealing  the  simple  repeat  pa^erns  in  organellar  genomes  of  lower  plant  species  and  to  measure  their  abundance  and  polymorphism.    

Page 37: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Suggest  the  evoluMon  of  chloroplast  and  mitochondrial  genomes  independent  of  nuclear  genomes.    

Page 38: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

EvoluMonary  Factors  With  Different  Rate  And  Randomness:    Significant  Differences  In  SSR  Pa^erns  Among  Members  Of  Same  Family  

Page 39: Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

Thank  you!