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Microsatellite ana
lysis in
organelle geno
mes of
Chlorophyta
Microsatellites…
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRS) Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPS)
Highly Abundant In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes
Both In Coding And Non-‐Coding Regions
Neutral?
Hot Spot!
Inherently Unstable Mendelian Manner
Highly Variable
Powerful GeneMc Markers: Locus-‐specific Co-‐dominant PCR-‐based Highly Polymorphic
DistribuMon Of SSRs In The Genome Is Not Random!
Previous: Coding Or Gene-‐rich Regions
+ Nuclear-‐ Genome Based
Current : DeterminaMon At The Whole Genome Level!
Chloroplast And Mitochondrial Genomes Of Chlorophyta
Organelle genome sequence source
IdenMficaMon of SSRs
Frequency Of SSRs In Chloroplast And Mitochondrial Genomes
1
Varying
The Frequencies Of SSRs
Chloroplast Mitochondria
Algal Species : No RelaMonship Between The Frequencies Of Simple And Compound SSRs
DistribuMon of SSRs in genic and intergenic regions
2
Intergenic Regions
Genic And Intragenic Regions
The Major ProporMon Of SSRs
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
“The differences in frequency suggest that the polymorphism associated with coding regions is lower than non-‐coding region.”
non-‐coding region coding region
“The microsatellite pa^erns making it impossible to measure associated relatedness and polymorphism present within alleles.”
SSR Pa^erns
3
mono-‐nucleoMde repeats, poly A/T.
DinucleoMde repeat pa^erns were less frequent Maximum dinucleoMde repeats was poly AT/TA
The major di-‐nucleoMde repeat
pa^ern in Chlorophyta
organellar genomes had shown the similarity with organelle and
nuclear genomes of higher taxa
In very minute amounts other repeat pa^ern tetra-‐, penta-‐, hexa-‐ were observed
SSRs in nuclear ESTs of other plant species and some cereal species tri-‐nucleoMde repeats were the most abundant class followed by di-‐nucleoMde repeats
FuncMonal categorizaMon of genes having microsatellites
4
In all chloroplast genomes…
In mitochondrial genomes…
Conclusion
The study is important in term of revealing the simple repeat pa^erns in organellar genomes of lower plant species and to measure their abundance and polymorphism.
Suggest the evoluMon of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes independent of nuclear genomes.
EvoluMonary Factors With Different Rate And Randomness: Significant Differences In SSR Pa^erns Among Members Of Same Family
Thank you!