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MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015 KERTAS 2
[100 markah]
KELAS INTENSIF
Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan
Kimia A+
Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh
M.Sc. Ed USM
BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM
GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5
CHAPTER 2: CARBON COMPOUND
SEBATIAN KARBON
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
CHAPTER 2: CARBON COMPOUNDS
SEBATIAN KARBON
A UNDERSTANDING CARBON COMPOUND Activity 1
Carbon is located in group ………………... . A carbon atom contain …….. electrons, therefore the electronic configuration is …………….. Karbon terletak dalam kumpulan ..................... . Atom karbon mengandungi ........ elektron, oleh itu
konfigurasi elektronik ialah.................
It has ………… valance electrons in the outermost orbital. Atom karbon mempunyai ............ elektron valens di orbit terluar.
In order to achieve a stable outer octet of electrons, it forms four …………….. bonds. Untuk mencapai oktet terluar untuk stabil elektron, ia membentuk empat ikatan ..................
Each carbon atom is tied to other atoms through four covalent bonds. All the four covalent bonds may exist in three forms as shown below: Setiap atom karbon terikat kepada atom lain melalui empat ikatan kovalen. Semua empat ikatan kovalen boleh
wujud dalam tiga bentuk seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah:
Possesses just single bond Ikatan tunggal
Possesses a double bond Ikatan ganda dua
Possesses a triple bond Ikatan ganda tiga
Carbon compounds can be divided to:
a) Organic carbon compounds b) Inorganic carbon compounds
Carbon compound Sebatian karbon
Organic / Organik
Found in, produced by, or derived from living elements. Dijumpai dalam, yang dihasilkan oleh, atau
diperolehi dari unsur-unsur hidup.
Example:
Inorganic / Tak organik
Not originate from living elements Tidak berasal dari unsur-unsur yang hidup
Example:
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 2: Hydrocarbon / Hidrokarbon
Hydrocarbon is a compound made out of the elements ……………… and ……………… only. Hidrokarbon adalah sebatian yang dijumpai daripada unsur-unsur ………………. dan
………………..sahaja.
Examples of hydrocarbon are …………….., …………………and ……………………. Contoh-contoh hidrokarbon adalah
Hydrocarbon can be divided into two groups/ Hidrokarbon boleh dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan:
Hydrocarbon Meaning / Maksud Examples:
Hydrocarbons where all its carbon atoms are tied to each other through single covalent bond only Hidrokarbon ialah semua atom
karbon yang terikat antara satu
sama lain melalui ikatan kovalen
tunggal sahaja
Hydrocarbons which contains at least one double covalent bond among its carbon atoms Hidrokarbon yang mengandungi
sekurang-kurangnya satu ikatan
kovalen ganda dua antara atom
karbon.
Comparing Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Bandingkan hidrokarbon tepu dan hidrokarbon tak tepu
Saturated Hydrocarbon Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Combustion / pembakaran
Reaction with bromine water Tindak balas dengan air bromin
Reaction with potassium anganite(VII) solution Tindak balas dengan larutan kalium
manganat (VII)
Sources of Hydrocarbon/Sumber-sumber hidrokarbon:
The main sources of hydrocarbons are Sumber-sumber utama hidrokarbon adalah
a) …………………………………. b) …………………………………. c) ………………………………….
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
B ALKANES / ALKANA Activity 3 (a) Complete the table below:
Number of
Carbon
Structural formula Molecular formula Name of alkane
Condition at room temperature
1
CH4
Methane
Gas
2
3
4
5
6
7
C7H16
8
C8H18
9
10
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
b. Explain why on going down the alkane series, the melting and boiling point increase? Terangkan apabila siri alkana menurun, lebur dan takat didih meningkat?
On going down the alkanes series, the ………………………………..increases caused by the
increase in molecular size.
Apabila siri alkana menurun,…………………………………………disebabkan oleh peningkatan dalam saiz
molekul.
When the molecular size increases, the melting and boiling point……………... This is because
the larger the molecular size, the stronger the ……………………….. forces of attraction between
the molecules. Thus more energy is needed to …………………. the forces of attraction during
melting or boiling.
Apabila saiz molekul meningkat, peleburan dan takat didih ……………………. Hal ini kerana saiz molekul
lebih besar, semakin kuat ………………….. daya tarikan antara molekul. Oleh itu lebih banyak tenaga
diperlukan untuk mengatasi ………………. semasa takat lebur atau takat didih.
[3 marks]
c. Explain why alkanes are non-conductors of electricity. Terangkan mengapa alkana adalah bukan konduktor-elektrik.
Alkanes are covalent compounds made up of …………………………. Alkana adalah sebatian kovalen terdiri daripada ………………………..
They don’t have ……… .. moving ions. Hence alkanes are non-conductors of electricity.
Ion tidak mempunyai pergerakan ………………... Oleh itu, alkana adalah bukan konduktor-elektrik.
[2 marks]
d Ethane and propene burn in excess of oxygen gas. Balance the chemical equation of the combustion of these hydrocarbons.
Etana dan propena membakar melebihi gas oksigen. Imbangkan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran
hidrokarbon ini.
(i) C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) (ii) C3H8 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)
[2 marks]
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 4 a) Name the compound a, b, c, d, e, and f.
b) State the uses of methane in everyday life/Nyatakan kegunaan metana dalam kehidupan seharian i ……………………………………………………………………………………..
ii …………………………………………………………………………………….
iii ……………………………………………………………………………………..
iv ……………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Explain how methane can cause fire in landfills and peat swamps
Terangkan bagaimana metana boleh menyebabkan kebakaran di tapak pelupusan dan paya gambut
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
[2 marks]
Methane (a) (b)
Substitution reaction (chlorination)
tindak balas penggantian
(pengklorinan)
Excess chlorine Sunlight or heat
klorin berlebihan
Cahaya matahari atau haba
(c) (d) (e) (f)
Complete combustion with excess O2
pembakaran lengkap
dengan lebihan O2
Incomplete
Combustion (limited O2)
Pembakaran tidak
lengkap
(O2 terhad)
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
C ALKENES/ALKENA Activity 5 (a) Complete the table below:
Number of Carbon
Structural formula Molecular formula
Name of alkane
Condition at room temperature
2
3
4
5
6
7
C7H14
8
9
10
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 6
(a) Give name for each alkene compounds below Namakan bagi setiap sebatian alkena bawah
(b) Construct the structural formula for/ Bina formula struktur bagi:
(i) C5H10 (iv) 2-methylbut-2-ene
(ii) 2-chlorolpropene (v) 3-methylbutene
(iii) pent-2-ene (vi) hex-1, 3-diene
CH3
Cl
CH3
Cl
= H
CH3
=
CH3
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 7
Write the molecular formula or structural formula of the product for every reaction of propene below Tuliskan formula molekul atau formula struktur hasil bagi setiap tindak balas propena bawah
Activity 8
(a) Table below shows the reactions to compare the chemical properties of alkane and alkene. Complete the table. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas untuk perbandingkan sifat-sifat kimia alkana dan alkena.
Lengkapkan jadual ini
Reaction/Tindak balas Observation/Pemerhatian
Hexane Hexene
Reaction with oxygen Tindak balas oksigen
Hexane burns with a yellow sooty flame terbakar dengan api kuning hitam
Reaction with bromine Water Tindak balas air bromin
No visible change Tiada perubahan
Reaction with acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution Tindak balas dengan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid
No visible change Tiada perubahan
Propene
Pronena
limited O2 heat
excess O2, heat
b) a)
c)
Addition polymerization
H2O(g) 300 C,60 atm, H3PO4
d)
HCl (g)
e)
Cl2(aq)
f)
H2 / Ni .180o C
g)
acidified KMnO4 (aq)
h)
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
(b) Calculate the percentage of carbon in
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12]
(i) hexane
(ii) hexene
Which compound can be a good fuel? Explain. Yang manakah sebatian boleh menjadi bahan api yang baik? Terangkan.
(c) List down 4 similar physical properties of alkane and alkene.
Senaraikan 4 ciri-ciri fizikal yang serupa antara alkana dengan alken.
(i) ………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Compare the chemical properties of alkene with alkane Bandingkan sifat kimia alkena dengan alkane
Alkene Alkena
Aspect/ aspek Alkane Alkane
Sootiness of flame Kejelagaan nyalaan
Bromine water Air bromin
Acidified KMnO4
Keasidan KMnO4
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
D ISOMERS Activity 9 a) Draw the structural formula and give name to all isomers of Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan semua isomer
(i) C4H8
(ii) C4H10
(iii) C5 H12
E ALCOHOLS/ Alkohol Activity 10
The general formula for alcohol is ………………………………. Formula am bagi alkohol adalah
(a) Complete the table below.
i) Name :
ii) Name:
iii) Name:
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
iv) structural formula Name : Propan-2-ol
v) structural formula Name : Butan-1-ol
vi) structural formula Name : Pentan-2,3-diol
(b) Draw the structural formula and give names to all isomers of Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan semua isomer
(i) propanol (C3H7OH)
(ii) butanol (C4H9OH)
Activity 11 (a) Summarize the physical properties of ethanol in the table below Ringkasan bagi sifat fizikal etanol dalam jadual di bawah
Physical properties Description/keterangan
Physical state at room temperature Keadaan fizikal pada suhu bilik
Smell and colour/ bau dan warna
Solubility in water/kelarutan dalam air
Volatility/ kemeruapan
Boiling point/ takat didih
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
(b) Ethanol can be prepared in two ways, Fermentation and Hydration. Etanol boleh disediakan dalam dua cara, Penapaian dan Penghidratan.
In fermentation process/ Dalam proses penapaian,
(i) What is the function of yeast? Apakah fungsi yis?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Write the chemical equation to show the fermentation process. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan proses penapaian.
…………………………………………………………………………… (iii) State the temperature, catalyst and other condition needed for fermentation process.
Nyatakan suhu, pemangkin dan keadaan lain yang diperlukan untuk proses penapaian.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(iv) State the disadvantages of this process/Nyatakan keburukan proses ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Hydration process involves hydration of ethene. Ethene is obtained from the cracking of petroleum fractions. Proses penghidratan melibatkan penghidratan etena. Etena diperolehi daripada keretakan pecahan
petroleum.
(i) Write the chemical equation for hydration process. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi proses penghidratan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(ii) State the temperature, pressure and catalyst needed for hydration process. Nyatakan suhu, tekanan dan pemangkin yang diperlukan untuk proses penghidratan
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 12 a) Complete the table below
1 The Products of Combustion of ethanol Hasil pembakaran etanol
In excess oxygen / Dalam oksigen berlebihan:
In limited oxygen / Dalam oksigen terhad:
2 The products of Oxidation reaction of alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution or acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution
Hasil tindak balas pengoksidaan alkohol dengan kalium dikromat berasid (VI) atau larutan kalium
manganat (VII)berasid
Oxidation of ethanol/Pengoksidaan etanol
Oxidation of propanol/ Pengoksidaan propanol
3 Dehydration of alcohol/Penyahhidratan alkohol.
Draw and label the set of apparatus to show the dehydration process of propanol. Lukis dan labelkan set radas untuk menunjukkan proses penyahhidratan propanol
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
F CARBOXYLIC ACIDS/ ASID KARBORSILIK
Activity 13 (a) Complete the diagram below. (b) Draw the structural formula of / Lukiskan formula struktur
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid Butanoic acid
2-methylbutanoic acid
2-methyl propanoic acid
Functional group/ kumpulan
fungsi:
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Uses/kegunaan:
a ………………………………
b ………………………………
c ………………………………
d ……………………………..
names end with/ berakhir dengan
‘……………..’ . Eg. ethanoic acid.
Physical properties/ sifat fizikal
a …………………………………………..
b …………………………………………..
c ……………………………………………
d …………………………………………..
e …………………………………………..
General formula:
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
(c) A carboxylic acid, X has an empirical formula CH2O. Experimental determination shows that it has a molar mass of about 59 g mol-1 Asid karboksilik, X mempunyai formula empirikal CH2O. Eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa jisim molar
ialah 59 g mol-1
.
(i) What is the general formula of carboxylic acid? Apakah formula am asid karboksilik?
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of X Tentukan formula molekul X
[Relative atomic mass: H=1; C=12; O=16]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of X and give name.
Lukiskan formula struktur X dan namakan.
Activity 14 a) Figure shows a series of conversion starting from ethene to ethyl ethanoate.
Rajah menunjukkan satu siri penukaran bermula dari etena kepada etil ethanoate.
Based on the figure above, state Berdasarkan rajah di atas, nyatakan
Reaction I :………………………………………………………
Reaction II :………………………………………………………
b) Draw the set up of apparatus to prepare ethanoic acid in laboratory Write the chemical reaction that involve.
Lukiskan susunan radas untuk menyediakan asid etanoik di dalam makmal
Tulis tindak balas kimia yang melibatkan.
I Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid II
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
c) Write the observation of every test for ethanoic acid below. Tulis pemerhatian bagi setiap ujian asid etanoik di bawah.
Test/Uji Observation/Pemerhatian Inference/ inferens
1 a. Ethanoic acid + metal carbonate Asid etanoik + logam karbonat
b. Gas released + lime water Gas dibebaskan + air kapur
2 a. Ethanoic acid + magnesium Asid etanoik + magnesium
b. Gas given off + lighted splinter Gas yang dikeluarkan +
serpihan menyala
3 Ethanoic acid + copper (II)oxide Asid etanoik + kuprum (II) oksida
4 Glacial ethanoic acid + ethanol + concentrated sulphuric acid + heat Asid etanoik + etanol + asid sulfurik pekat +
haba
Then the boiling contents are poured into a beaker half filled with water. Kemudian kandungan mendidih dituang ke
dalam bikar yang separuh berisi air.
.
G ESTER Activity 15 (a) Name the following esters and give the alcohols and carboxylic acids required to synthesise
the esters name. Namakan ester berikut dan berikan alkohol dan asid karboksilik yang diperlukan untuk mensintesiskan
nama ester.
Formula Name Carboxylic acid Alcohol
Example :HCOOC2H5
Ethyl methanoate Methanoic acid Ethanol
a) CH3 COOCH3
b) CH3 COOC3H7
c) C2H5 COOCH3
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
b) Draw the structural formula for the compound form in the reaction between alchol and carboxylic acid below.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi bentuk sebatian dalam tindak balas antara alkohol dan asid karboksilik
di bawah.
(i) methanol and propanoic acid
(ii) ethanol + butanoic acid
(iii) propan-1-ol + ethanoic acid
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 16 (a) Complete the diagram below
b) Write the fruit flavour for each of the ester below/Tulis rasa buah-buahan bagi setiap ester di bawah
(i) n-pentyl ethanoate : ………………………….
(ii) Octyl ethanoate : ………………………….
(iii) Ethyl butanoate : ………………………….
ESTERS
Ester is a ………………….. organic compound
contain ………………, ………………… and …………………………….
The general formula is ……………………………
the functional group is –COO- or ……………. group
the name of an ester consists of two words. The first word originates from……………., the second is from the …………………….. All of them end with ‘ ………..’
Product of an …………. reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
The ……………of flowers and fruits is due to the presence of esters
uses of ester/kegunaan ester,
a) …………………………..
b) …………………………..
c) ……………………………
d) ……………………………
Physical properties/sifat fizik
1………………………………
2……………………………….
3……………………………….
4……………………….
5……………………………….
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Order in homologous series/ Order dalam siri homolog
Activity 17
a) Name the homologous series for/Namakan siri homolog bagi
(i) Butan-1-ol : …………………………………..
(ii) Compound P : ………………………………….
(iii) Compound R : …………………………………
(iv) Compound S : ………………………………..
b) Write the molecular formula of / Tuliskan formula molekul
(i) compound P : …………………………………..
(ii) compound Q : ……………………………………
(iii) compound R : …………………………………..
(iv) compound S : …………………………………….
Compound R Sebatian R
ethanol
Compound S Sebatian S
IV
Butan-1-ol C4H9OH Compound P
Sebatian P
Porcelain chips
Serpihan perselin
II
III
Hydrogen
chloride
Compound Q
Sebatian Q
I Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
H FATS/LEMAK
Activity 18 Compare fats and oils/ Perbandingan lemak dengan minyak
Comparison/bandingan Oils/minyak Fats/lemak
Source/ sumber
Melting point/ takat lebur o C < 20 / lower > 20 / higher
Physical state at room temperature Keadaan fizik pada suhu bilik
Cholesterol content kandungan
kolesterol
Examples Contoh
Peanut oil, soybean oil
Minyak kacang tanah, minyak
kacang soya
Butter Mentega
Molecular structure struktur molekul
(III) Write the Similarities of fats and oils/ Tuliskan persamaan lemak dengan minyak
In terms of/ dalam bentuk Similarities/persamaan
Molecular formula Formula molekul
Type of compound Jenis sebatian
Type of bond Jenis ikatan
.
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Activity 19 a) Complete the flow chart below to show the Extraction Process of Palm Oil. Lengkapkan carta aliran di bawah untuk menunjukkan proses pengekstrakan minyak sawit.
b) State 5 benefits of palm oil compared to other vegetable oils Nyatakan 5 manfaat minyak sawit berbanding dengan minyak sayuran lain
i) ………………………………………………………………….
ii) ……………………………………………………………………
iii) …………………………………………………………………..
iv) ………………………………………………………………….
v) ………………………………………………………………….
Oil palm fruit bunches Tandan buah kelapa sawit
Sterilization Pengsterilan
Stripping Penanggalan
Digestion Penghadaman
Pressing Penekanan
Purification Penurunan
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
I NATURAL RUBBER/ GETAH ASLI
Activity 20
a) Give explanation for every situation below/Berikan penerangan bagi setiap keadaan di bawah:
i) Latex coagulate slowly when it is exposed to the air. Latex membeku perlahan-lahan apabila terdedah kepada udara.
ii) When 20 cm3 latex is added with 5 cm3 methanoic acid, latex coagulate rapidly. Apabila 20 cm
3 getah ditambah dengan 5 cm
3 asid metanoik, getah membeku dengan cepat.
iii) When 5 cm3 ammonia solution is added to latex, latex does not coagulate. Apabila 5 cm
3 larutan ammonia ditambah kepada susu getah, getah tidak membeku.
b) Compare the unvulcanised and vulcanised rubber in the table below. Bandingkan getah tak tervulkan dengan getah tervulkan dalam jadual di bawah.
Aspect Aspek
Unvulcanised rubber Getah tak tervulkan
Vulcanised rubber Getah tervulkan
Structure Struktur
Oxidation Pengoksidaan
Resistance of heat Ketahanan terhadap haba
Strength Kekuatan
Elasticity Kekenyalan
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
BAHAGIAN A
SPM 2012 Diagram shows the structural formulae of compound M and compound N. Both compound M and compound N are isomers of a carbon compound. Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian M dan sebatian N. Kedua-dua sebatian M dan sebatian N
adalah isomer satu sebatian karbon.
Diagram
Rajah (a) (i) State the meaning of isomer. Nyatakan maksud isomer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark] (ii) Write the molecular formula for the carbon compound in Diagram. Tulis formula molekul bagi sebatian karbon dalam Rajah.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(iii) State the names of compound M and compound N using IUPAC nomenclature. Nyatakan nama sebatian M dan sebatian N dengan menggunakan penamaan IUPAC.
Compound M :…………………………………………………………………………………..
Sebatian M
Compound N : …………………………………………………………………………………… Sebatian N
[2 marks] (iv) Draw the structural formula for another isomer of the carbon compound. Lukis formula struktur untuk satu lagi isomer bagi sebatian karbon itu.
[1 mark]
H H H H H H H H
H C = C C C H H C C = C C H
H H H H Compound M Compound N Sebatian M Sebatian N
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
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(b) An alcohol can be prepared from compound M. Satu alkohol boleh disediakan daripada sebatian M.
(i) What is the general formula of alcohols? Apakah formula am bagi alkohol?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(ii) State the name of the process for the conversion of compound M to the alcohol. Nyatakan nama proses penukaran bagi sebatian M kepada alkohol itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark] (iii) State two of the conditions used in the conversion. Nyatakan dua keadaan yang digunakan dalam penukaran itu.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
BAHAGIAN B
SPM 2009 Table shows some information about three members of homologous series. Jadual menunjukkan beberapa maklumat mengenai tiga ahli satu siri homolog.
Member of homologous
Ahli bagi siri homolog
Boiling point (o
C)
Takat didih (oC)
Preparation
Penyediaan
Oxidation product
Hasil pengoksidaan
Ethanol
Etanol
78
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik
Propanol
Propanol
97
C3H6 + H2O C3H7OH
Propanoic acid
Asid propanoik
Butanol
Butanol
118
C4H8 + H2O C4H9OH
Butanoic acid
Asid butanoik
Table Jadual
Based on Table, state and explain five characteristics of a homologous series. Berdasarkan Jadual 7, nyatakan dan terangkan lima ciri siri homolog.
[10 marks] (b) The following information is about an organic compound X. Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai suatu sebatian organik X.
Empirical formula is CH2O Formula empiric ialah CH2O
Relative molecular mass is 60 Jisim molekul relatif ialah 60
Reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a type of gas that turns lime water chalky Bertindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat untuk menghasilkan sejenis gas yang mengeruhkan air kapur.
Based on the information given: Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi:
(i) Determine the molecular formula of X. (Relative atomic mass: C =12, H =1, O = 16) Tentukan formula molekul X.
(Jisim atom relatif: C =12, H = 1, O = 16)
[2 marks] (ii) State the name of the homologous series for X and explain your answer. Nyatakan nama siri homolog bagi X dan terangkan jawapan anda.
[2 marks] (iii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound X with calcium carbonate. Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang untuk tindak balas sebatian X dengan kalsium karbonat.
[2 marks]
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
(c) Diagram shows the structural formulae of hydrocarbon of compound P and Q. Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian hifrokarbon P dan Q.
Compound P Compound Q Sebatian p Sebatian Q
Diagram Rajah
Compare and contrast these two hydrocarbons based on their structures. Banding dan bezakan kedua-dua hidrokarbon ini berdasarkan strukturnya.
[4 marks]
H H
H C = C H
H H
H C C H
H H
MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound
Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia
BAHAGIAN C
SPM 2013 Diagram shows the conversion of an organic compound from one homologous series to another. Rajah
Rajah menunjukkan penukaran sebatian organik daripada satu siri homolog kepada yang lain. Hydration Oxidation Penghidratan Pengoksidaan
Diagram Rajah (a) The possible relative molecular masess of alkene Q are 28, 42 or 56. By choosing any one of the relative molecular masses,
determine the molecular formula for the alkene
draw the structural formula and state the name of the alkene. [Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12] [4 marks]
Jisim molekul relatif yang mungkin bagi alkena Q adalah 28, 42 atau 56.
Dengan memilih salah satu daripada jisim molekul relative itu,
tentukan formula molekul bagi alkena itu
lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama bagi alkena itu.
[Jisim atom relative: H =1; C =12]
(b) Based on Diagram and answer that obtained from (a),
draw the structural formulae and state the names of compound W and compound X
write the chemical equation to show the conversion of compound W to compound X. [6marks]
Berdasarkan Rajah dan jawapan yang diperoleh dari (a),
lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama sebatian W dan sebatian X
tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan penukaran sebatian W kepada sebatian X.
(c) By using compound W and compound X that obtained in (b), describe hoe ester A can prepared in the laboratory. In your description, include:
List of materials and apparatus
Procedure
Observation
Chemical equation
Name of ester Dengan menggunakan sebatian W dan sebatian X yang diperoleh di (b), huraikan
bagaimana ester A boleh disediakan di makmal.Dalam huraian anda,sertakan:
Senarai bahan dan radas
Prosedur
Pemerhatian
Persamaan kimia
Nama bagi ester A [10 markah]
Alkene Q Alkena Q
Compound X Sebatian X
Compound W Sebatian W
Ester A Ester A