Notes on criminal procedure code

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NNNNotes

on

CCCCriminal PPPProcedure

CCCCode-1973

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Prepared by: Lalith Babu Palakkad

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

{Inan\Â PpUojydn ]co£bv¡v X¿msdSp¡p¶ dh\yq Poh\¡mÀ¡v th−n X¿mdm¡nbXmWv Cu Ipdn¸vv. CXv B[nImcnI tcJbÃ B[nImcnI hnhc§Ä¡v Zbhmbn {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXþ1973 (1974 se 2þ m w \¼À BIvS)v ]cntim[n¡pI

(Not for sale)

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DffS¡w hnjbw t]Pv \¼À 1. {Inan\Â \nba§Ä F¶mse´v ? 5 2. knhnÂ \nba§Ä 5

3. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbpsS (Cr.PC) Dt±iyw 5

4. Ipä§Ä (offence) F¶mse´v ? 5 5. Hcp IpäIrXy¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä GsXÃmw 6

6. Ipä§sf F{Xbmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. (Classification of offences ) 6

7. A]cm[w (Crime) 6 8. {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw IpäIrXy§sf F{Xbmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p ? 6

9. Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä( Bailable offence) 6

10. Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ IpäIrXy§Ä ( Non Bailable offence) 6 11. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä 6 12. t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw 7 13. IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶mÂ F{]ImcamWv t]meokv \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ? 7 14. {Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ 7 15. kp{]ow tImSXn 7 16. sslt¡mSXn 7 17. skj³kv tImSXnIÄ 8

18. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) ) 8 19. H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v 8

20. alm\Kc aPnkvt{S«v (Metropolitian Magistrate) 8 21. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v 8 22. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v 9 23. AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v 9 24. k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«v 9 25. kvs]jyÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v 9 26. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À 9 27. kvs]jyÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À 9 28. AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À 9 29. t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSÀ 9 30. hnhn[ tImSXnIfpw in£ hn[n¡m³ Ahbv¡pff A[nImc§fpw 10 31. C³shÌntKj³. 10 32. C³shÌntKj\pw F³Izbdnbpw 10 33. Hcp C³shÌntKj\nÂ D−mbncnt¡− {][m\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 10 34. t]meokv C³shÌntKj³ \S¯p¶sXt¸mÄ ? 11

35. kzImcy ]cmXn Private complaint 11 36. AdÌv F¶mse´v ? 11 37. F{]ImcamWv AdÌv sNt¿−Xv ? 11 38. t]meokn\v Hcmsf hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv 12 39. kzImcy hyànIÄ¡v AdÌv sN¿mhp¶sXt¸mÄ 12 40. aPnt{Ì«n\mÂ AdÌv sN¿s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ 12 41. Adkväv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS AhImi§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 13 42. dnamâv F¶mse´v ? 13 43. IÌUn F¶mse´v ? 13 44. ]cntim[\bpw I−psI«epw 13 45. ka³kpw tcJmaqeapff D¯chpw 13 46. hmdtâmSp IqSnb skÀ v̈ F¶mse´v ? 13 47. skÀ v̈ hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? 14 48. hmdânÃm¯ skÀ v̈ sN¿p¶ kmlNcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 14 49. kv{Xosb tZl]cntim[\ sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ ]men¨ncnt¡− Imcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 14 50. tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI \nÀ_ÔnXambn lmPcm¡s¸SÂ 15 51. ka³kv F¶mse´v 15 52. ka³kv GsXÃmw hn[¯nÂ \S¯mw ? 15 53. hmdâv F¶mse´v ? 15

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54. ka³kn\v ]Icw hmdâv Abbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? 16 55. ka³kpw hmdâpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 16 56. Pmayw F¶mse´v ? 16 57. Pmayw AhImiambn«pff kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? 16 58. Pmayw e`nbv¡m\hImianÃm¯ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb BÄ¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡ptam ? 17 59. Pmay XpI F{]ImcamWv \nÝbn¡p¶Xv ? 17 60. Pmayw \n¶bmÄ¡v PmayNpaXebnÂ \n¶pw HgnhmIm\mIptam ? 17 61. Pmay¡mc³ acn¨pt]mhpItbm \nÀ²\\mbn¯ocpItbm sN¿p¶ 17 kµÀ`§fnepff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? 17 62. {]Xn ssa\dmbncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ PmayhyhØ F{]ImcamWv ? 17 63. Pmay hyhØIÄ ewLn¨mÂ ]ng CuSm¡p¶Xv F{]ImcamWv ? 17 64. Pmayw A\phZnbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ {]Xn PbnenemsW¦nepff \S]Snsb´v? 17 65. ap³IqÀ Pmayw F¶mse´v 18 66. dnhnj\pw A¸oepw X½nepff hyXymksa´v ? 18 67. in£mhn[n eLqIcn¡Â F¶mse´v ? 18 68. d^d³kv F¶mse´v ? 18 69. dnhnj³ F¶mse´v ? 19 70. NmÀÖv (Charge) F¶mÂ F´v ? NmÀÖv sN¿p¶Xn\pw NmÀÖnÂ 19 amä§Ä hcp¯p¶Xn\papff N«§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 19

71. Hcp Ipä]{X¯nÂ (Charge sheet) GsXÃmw LSI§Ä D−mbncn¡Ww ? 19 72. Ipä]{X¯nsâ ]p\{IaoIcWw 20 73. hnhn[ Ipä§Ä¡v H¶n v̈ Hcp Ipä]{Xw \ÂIÂ 20 74. Nne hyànIsf H¶n v̈ NmÀÖv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? 21

75. {SbÂ F¶mse v́ ? 21 76. C³shÌntKj³ F¶mse´v ? 21 77. C³shÌntKj\nÂ D−mbncnt¡− {][\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 22 78. C³shÌntKj³ t]meokn\mÂ \S¯s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ ? 22 79. t]meokns\ Adnbn¡m\pw klmbn¡m\papff ]ucsâ ISa 22 80. P\dÂ Ubdn F¶mse´v ? 23 81. Ipäk½Xw (Confession) F¶mÂ F´v ? 23 82. Ipäk½X¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä 23 83. tImSXnbpsS `mj Ipämtcm]nX\v AdnbnsÃ¦nepff \S]Sn 25 84. C³IzÌv F¶mse´v ? 25 85. tIkpIÄ H¯p XoÀ¸m¡Â F¶mse´v ? 25 86. k½dn hnkvXmcw F¶mse´v ? 25

87. ImelcWw (Limitation) F¶mse´v ? 26 88. ImelcW ]cn[n IW¡m¡p¶sX§ns\ ? 26

89. eLphmb Ipä§Ä (Petty Offences)F¶mse´v ? 26

90. Iq«p{]Xn. Accomplice 26 91. am v̧km£n F¶mse´v ? 27 92. Hcp Ipä¯n\v Hcmsf c−p XhW in£n¡m³ ]mSnÃ F¶ XXzw 27 93. tImÀ«v amÀjÂ F¶mse´v ? 27 94. {Inan\Â tIkpIÄ Hcp tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäpt¼mgpff

\S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? 28 95. Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn am\knItcmKnbmIpt¼mÄ kzoIcnt¡− hyhØIÄ

Fs´ÃmamWv ? 28 96. hymPamb sXfnhv \ÂIp¶Xn\pff hnNmcWbv¡pff k½dn \S]Sn{Iaw 29 97. tIkv Bcw`nbv¡Â 30 98. tIkv UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿Â 30 99. NmÀPPv X¿mdm¡Â 30 100. A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨mÂ in£n¡Â 30 101. t{]mknIyqj³ sXfnhn\pff Xo¿Xn 30 102. t{]mknIyj³ `mKw sXfnhv 30 103. sXfnhv tcJs¸Sp¯Â 30 104. hmZw : hm¡mepw tcJmaqehpw 31 105. {]Xnsb hnkvXcn¡m\pff A[nImcw 31

106. hmZw (Arguments) 31 107. {]XnhmZw 31

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108. hnNmcWbv¡v tijw {]Xnsb Ipähnapàam¡Â 32 109. Ipähnapà\m¡p¶tXm Ipä¡mc\m¡pItbm sN¿p¶ \S]Sn 32 110. ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW \S¯s¸Sp¶sX§ns\ ? 32 111. A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨mÂ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn {]Jym]n¡Â 32 112. sNdpXcw tIkpIfnÂ {]XnbpsS Akm¶n²y¯nÂ A]cm[nbmsW¶v kaaXn¡p ¶Xn¡p¶Xn³taepff IpäØm]\w 32 113. k½dn hnNmcW F¶mse´v ? 32 114. k½dn hnNmcW km[mcW hnNmcWbmbn amdp¶ kµÀ`w GXmWv ? 33

115. hn[n\ymbw (judgment)F¶mse´v ? 33 116. hn[nbnse `mjbpw LSI§fpw 33 117. h[in£ hn[n¡pt¼mÄ AXv ØncoIcn¡p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? 34 118. \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ hn[n¡m\pff {Inan\ÂtImSXnbpsS A[nImcw 34 119. ImcWanÃmsX AdÌv sN¿s¸« BÄ¡pff \jvS]cnlmcw 35 120. A¸oÂ F¶mse´v ? 35 121. A¸oÂ A\phZn¡m¯ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmw ? 35 122. kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A¸oÂ \ÂIphm\pff AhImiw Ft¸msgÃmamWpffXv ? 36 123. Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«Xns\Xnscbpff A¸oÂ 36 124. A¸oÂ s]äoj³ 36 125. A¸oÂ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv 36 126. A¸oÂ ]cnKW\bnencn¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ A¸oÂImc\pff Pmayw 36 127. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamcpw AhcpsS A[nImc§fpw 37 128. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pw PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pw X½nepff hyXymksa´v ? 37 129. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnX {]Imcw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsS {][m\

IÀ¯hy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 37 130. \nbahncp²amb kwLw tNcÂ 37 131. s]mXp iey§Ä F¶mse´v ? s]mXp iey§Ä D−mIpt¼mÄ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F´p \S]SnIfmWv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ? 38 132. sk£³ 144 {]Imcapff \S]SnIÄ 38 133. hkvXphnsâ D]tbmKw kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi¯À¡§Ä 39 134. GsXÃmw kmlNcy§fnemWv amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v kwc£Ww \ÂIm³ a¡tfmSv tImSXn D¯chnSp¶Xv. ? 39 135. `mcybptSbpw a¡fptSbpw amXm]nXm¡fptSbpw kwc£Ww 40 136. kwc£Ww AhImis¸Sm\ÀlXbpffhÀ BscÃmamWv ? 40 137. Poh\mwi D¯chv d±m¡mhp¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? 41 138. sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 42 139. UnkvNmÀÖpw Ipähnapàam¡epw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 42 140. A¸oepw d^d³kpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 42 141. ka³kv tIkpw hmdâv tIkpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 43 142. A¸oepw dnhyhpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 44 143. d^d³kpw dnhnj\pw X½nepff hyXymksa´v 44 144. C³shÌntKj³þ F³Izbdn C³IzÌvþ Ch X½nepff hyXymk§Ä 44

Short Notes 45-48

====================================================================

prepared by:

Lalith Babu

Palakkad Phone : 9446531632

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{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXþ1973

\nba§sf knhnÂ \nba§Ä F¶pw {Inan\Â \nba§Ä F¶pw Xcw Xncnbv¡mhp¶XmWv. .

Ch Hmtcm¶ns\bpw ho−pw substantive Law F¶pw Procedural Law F¶pw Xncnbv¡mw. .

hyànIfpsS AhImi§sfbpw ISaIsfbpw Ipdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶XmWv substantive Law. C³Uy³

in£m \nbaw (IPC) CXn\v Hcp DZmlcWamWv. hyànIfpsS AhImi§fpw ISaIfpw Øm]ns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\v tImSXn, t]meokv XpS§nb A[nImc Øm]\§Ä ]ment¡−

\S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨mWv Procedural Law Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba

kwlnX(Cr.PC), sXfnhv \nbaw (Evidence Act) F¶nhsbÃmw Procedural Law BWv. {Inan\Â \nba§Ä F¶mse v́ ?

GsX¦nepw Hcp \nba¯nÂ Ipäambn \nÀÆNn¡s¸SpIbpw AXn\pff in£

\nÀt±in¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXn«pff sXäpIsfbmWv (wrong) Ipä§Ä (offence) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. kam[m\]camb kmaqlyPohnXw km[yam¡p¶Xn\mbn Nne {]hÀ¯nIsf XStb−Xp−v. C{]Imcw XStb− {]hÀ¯nIsfbmWv Ipä§fmbn \nÀÆNn¨nc¡p¶Xv. F´p sNbvXmemWv AsÃ¦nÂ sN¿mXncp¶memWv AsXmcp IpäamhpIsb¶pw AXn\pff in£ F´msW¶pw hnhcn¡p¶ \nba§sf {Inan\Â \nba§Ä F¶p ]db¶p. knhnÂ \nba§Ä

Ipä§fmbn \nÀhNn¨n«nÃm¯ sXäpIÄ¡pff {]Xnhn[nbmWv knhnÂ \nba§fnepffXv. Hcp hkvXphnsâ t]cnÂ c−v hyànIÄ X½nÂ AhImi XÀ¡ap−mbmÂ AsXmcp knhnÂ XÀ¡amWv AXnÂ kÀ¡mcn\v XmÂ]cyanÃ. F¶mÂ GsX¦nepw BÄs¡Xnsc amcIamb Hcp A{Iaw \S¶mÂ A{Ia¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄt¡m BfpsS _Ôp¡Ä¡v ]cmXn CsÃ¦nepw kÀ¡mcn\v ]cmXnbp−v. ImcWw C¯cw A{Ia§Ä BhÀ¯n¡s¸Sm³ ]mSnÃ F¶XpsIm−mWXv.

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbpsS (Cr.P.C) Dt±iyw \½psS cmPy v̄ {Inan\Â \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\mbn«pff sa¡m\nkamWv {Inan\Â \S]Sn

\nba kwlnX. IpäIrXyw \S¯nb hyàn¡v F§s\ in£ \ÂImw F¶v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnÂ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

. DZmlcW¯n\v sIme]mXIw F¶ IpäIrXys¯¡pdn v̈ Cý³ in£m \nba¯nÂ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. sIme]mXIw \S¯nbmÄ¡v \ÂtI− in£sb¡pdn¨pw sF.]n.kn.bnep−v.. F¶mÂ Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡p¶bmsf I−p]nSn¡pI, sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡pI, {]Xn IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v sXfnbn¡pI, IpähmfnbmsW¶p Is−¯nbmÂ in£ hn[n¡pI XpS§n t]meokv, tImSXn, XpS§nb A[nImcØm]\§Ä Fs´Ãmw \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡Ww, {]Xnbv¡v \nba]cambn Fs´¦nepw AhImi§Ä e`yamtWm, F¶n§s\bpff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse hyhØIfpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv \S¸nem¡p¶Xv. sF.]n.kn.bnepw AXpt]msebpff aäv \nba§fnepw ]dbp¶ Ipä§Ä hnNmcW sNbvXv {]XnIsf

in£n¡p¶Xv {Inan\Â \S]Sn\nba kwlnXbv¡v .(Cr.P.C) hnt[bambn«mWv. P½p ImivaoÀ HgnsIbpff C³UybpsS FÃm `mK§fnepw {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbaw

{]m_ey¯nep−v. ]mÀesaâv ]mÊm¡nb Cu \nba¯nÂ 484 sk£\pIfpw 2 sjUyqfpIfpamWpffXv

]mÀesaâv ]mÊm¡nbXmsW¦nepw `cWLS\bpsS hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn kwØm\ \nba\nÀ½mW k`bv¡v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse hyhØIÄ ]p\cp²oIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. Ipä§Ä (offence) F¶mse v́ ?

kaqlw \nba]cambn sXäpIfmbn IW¡m¡nb Imcy§Ä Bsc¦nepw sN¿pItbm \nba]cambn HcmÄ sNbvXncnt¡−Xmbn«pffXmsW¶v kaqlw IcpXnbn«pff Imcy§Ä Bsc¦nepw sN¿mXncn¡pt¼mtgm AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶p. kaqlw Ipä§Ä X¿mdm¡p¶p. IpähmfnIÄ AXv sN¿p¶p F¶v kma\yambn ]dbmhp¶XmWv.

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Hcp IpäIrXy¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä 1. Ipäw sN¿m\pff hmk\ (Mens rea)

2. X¿msdSp¸v (Preparation)

3. {iaw (Attempt)

4. IpäIrXyw \S¯Â (Commission)

5. ]cmXn (Complaint) 6. C³shÌntKj³ 7. AdÌv/samgn/skÀ¨v/sXm−n

8. Ipä]{Xw \ÂIÂ (Charge) 9. UnkvNmÀÖv

10. hnNmcW (Trail)

11. in£n¡Â/shdpsX hnSÂ (Acqittal) 12. A¸oÂ/dnhnj³/dnhyq

13. in£ \S¸m¡Â (Execution)

Ipä§sf aq¶mbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. (Classification of offences ) 1. a\pjyicoc¯ns\Xnscbpff Ipä§Ä 2. kz¯ns\Xnscbpff Ipä§Ä 3. Ch c−pw k½n{iambn«pff Ipä§Ä

F v́ sNbvXmemWv AYhm sN¿mXncp¶memWv AsXmcp IpäamIpIsb¶pw AXn\pff in£ F´msW¶pw F{XbmsW¶pw hnhcn¡p¶ \nba§Ä {Inan\Â \nba§Ä F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p. A{Ia§Ä¡v hnt[b\mIp¶Xv GsX¦nepw hyànbmsW¦nepw B A{Ia§fnÂ A´À`hn¨ncn¡p¶Xv kaql¯nsâ `{ZXbvs¡Xncmb òjWnbmWv. \jvS]cnlmcw hgn Nnet¸mÄ t{Zml¯n\ncbmhÀ kam[m\s¸t«¡mw. F¶mÂ kaql¯nsâ kpc£ GsäSp¯ncn¡p¶ tÌäv AXpsIm−v Xr]vXns¸Sp¶nÃ. Ipäw sN¿p¶hs\ in£nt¡−Xv tÌänsâ IÀ¯hyamIp¶p.

A]cm[w (Crime) Hcp {]hÀ¯n \S¯pt¼mtgm AsÃ¦nÂ \S¯m³ \nba]cambn _m[yXbpff Hcp {]hÀ¯n

\S¯mXncn¡pt¼mtgm \nehnepff \nbaa\pkcn¨v in£ e`nbv¡p¶psh¦nÂ A¯cw {]hÀ¯nsb

Crime F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp ZpjvS e£yt¯msS sN¿s¸Sp¶ tamis¸« {]hÀ¯nsb sXäv F¶p s]mXpth ]dbmw {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw IpäIrXy§sf F{Xbmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p ? {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw IpäIrXy§sf s]mXpth \membn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ah :

1. Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä( Bailable offence) {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 2(F) bnemWv Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶

IpäIrXy§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbnÂ sImSp¯n«pfftXm \nehnepff atäsX¦nepw \nba¯nÂ ]dbp¶tXm Bb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXXmbn Btcm]n¡s¸« hyàn¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡pI F¶pffXv IpähmfnbpsS AhImiamWv. {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbnÂ sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ Ipä§Ä AhbpsS Kucha\pkcn¨v Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶Xv, e`nbv¡m¯h F¶n§s\ Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. Pmayw \ÂIpIbmsW¦nÂ AXn\pff hyhØIsf¡pdn¨v sk£³ 436 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

2. Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ IpäIrXy§Ä ( Non Bailable offence) Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ IpäIrXy§sf¡pdn¨pw {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 2(F)

bnÂ Xs¶bmWvv {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂIp¶Xv tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImc¯nÂ s]S¶p. \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbnÂ sImSp¯n«pfftXm \nehnepff atäsX¦nepw \nba¯nÂ ]dbp¶tXm Bb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Kuchw IqSnb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu tIkpIfnÂ Pmayw \ÂImhp¶ hyhØIsf¡pdn¨v sk£³ 437 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. 3. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfntem AsÃ¦nÂ \nba{]m_eyapff aäp \nb§fntem sImSp¯n«pffXpw t]meokn\v hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿mhp¶Xpamb IpäIrXy§sfbmWv sImKvss\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. sImKvss#s\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶mÂ AXv F{]ImcamWv tcJs¸Spt¯−Xv F¶v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 154 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

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4. t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw IpäIrXyw sNbvXbmsf t]meokn\v hmdtâmSp IqSn am{Xw AdÌv sN¿mhp¶ Xc¯nepff

IpäIrXyÄ¡v t\m¬ sImKvss#s\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶p. IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶mÂ F{]ImcamWv t]meokv \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ?

Hcp A{Iakw`hw D−mbmÂ AXn\v hnt[b\mb Btfm AsÃ¦nÂ aämsc¦neptam t]meokv tÌj\nÂ lmPcmbn A{Ia kw`hs¯¡pdn¨pff hnhcw t]meoknÂ Adnbn¡p¶tXmSpIqSn {Inan\Â \nba\S]Sn Bcw`n¡p¶p. km[mcWbmbn A{Iakw`hw \S¶mÂ AXn\v hnt[b\mb Bfmbncn¡pw t]meoknÂ ]cmXns¸Sp¶Xv Nnet¸mÄ AbmÄ¡pth−n aämsc¦neptam B Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v {]mYanIamb Adnhv en¨bmtfm t]meokv tÌj\nÂ ]cmXn kaÀ¸n¡p¶p. sImssákn_nÄ Xc¯nepfftXm t\m¬ sImssákn_nÂ Xc¯nepfftXm BImw tIkv. sImssákn_nÄ Xc¯nepfftXm t\m¬ sImssákn_nÂ Xc¯nepfftXm Akzm`mhnI acWs¯¡pdn¨pfftXm Bb Ipä¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§fnÂ t]meokv kzoIcnt¡− \S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 154 apXÂ 176 hsc {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

1. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶ hnhc§Ä hm¡mtem tcJmaqetam t]meokns\ Adnbn¡mhp¶XmWv

2. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶ hnhcw hm¡mÂ t]meokns\ Adnbn¨mÂ tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff HmôkÀ AXv FgpXnsbSpt¡−XmWv.

3. FgpXnsbSp¯ Imcy§Ä hmbn¨p tIÄ¸n¨tijw t]meokv hnhcw Adnbn¨bmfpsS H¸v hm§nbncnt¡−XmWv.

4. AXnse Imcy§Ä t]meokv tÌj\nÂ kq£n¨n«pff P\dÂ Ubdnbntem tÌj³ Ubdnbntem FgptX−XmWv.

5. F^.sF.Bdnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v hnhc§Ä X¶bmÄ¡v kuP\yambn \ÂtI−XmWv. hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m³ t]meokv hnÊ½Xn¡p¶ ]£w AXv cPnkvt{SUv t]mÌv aptJ\ t]eokv kq{]−n\v Ab¨psImSp¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Icmw cPnkvt{SUmbn e`n¨ dnt¸mÀ«nÂ hmkvXhaps−¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w kq{]−n\v kzbtam AsÃ¦nÂ Xsâ Iognepff t]meokv HmôktdmsSm At\zjWw \S¯m³ Bhibs¸Smhp¶XmWv.

{Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ (sk£³ 6)

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnÂ {Inan\Â tImSXn F¶ kwÚ \nbXambn \nÀÆNn¡s¸«n«nÃ. \nam\pkrXambn A[nImcw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ "PUvP"v "aPnkvt{S«"v F¶nhsc tImSXn F¶ ]Z¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. sslt¡mSXnIÄ¡pw atäsX¦nepw \nba¯n³ IognÂ kwhn[m\w sNbvXn«pff tImSXnIÄ¡pw ]pdsa Hmtcm kwØm\¯n\pw Xmsg ]dbp¶ {Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ D−mbncn¡p¶XmWv.

1. skj³kv tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

2. H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

3. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

4. AUojWÂ No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

5. c−mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

6. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamÀ (Cr.PC sk£³ 20 ) (PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v, k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«v, FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ aäp `cW]camb A[nImc \nÀÆlWt¯msSm¸w {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnX A\pimkn¡p¶ NpaXem[nImcw IqSn \nÀÆln¡p¶hcmWv. AXn\mÂ Hcp ]cn[nhsc A¯cw tImSXnIsfbpw {Inan\Â tImSXnIfnÂ DÄs]Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.) kp{]ow tImSXn

C³Uybnse ]ctam¶X \oXn]oTamWv kp{]owtImSXn. 1950 P\phcn 28 \mWv kp{]ow tImSXn \nehnÂ h¶Xv. `cWLS\bnse 124 mw hIp¸nÂ kp{]ow tImSXnsb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. Hcp No^v PÌnkpw 25 PUvPnamcpw AS§p¶XmW kp{]owtImSXn. `cWLS\m XXz§Ä, auenImhImi§Ä, P\m[n]Xyaqey§Ä F¶nhbpsS ImhÂamemJbmbn kp{]owtImSXn. {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p. auenImhImi§fpsS kwc£WamWv kp{]owtImSXnbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« IÀ¯hyw. kp{]ow tImSXn {]Jym]n¡p¶ \nbaw C³Uybnse FÃm tImSXnIsfbpw _m[n¡p¶Xmbncn¡psa¶v A\ptÑZw 141 Â ]dbp¶p. kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS Xocpam\w atäsX¦nepw tImSXnbnÂ tNmZyw sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. kwØm\§fpw ]mÀesaâpw ]mÊm¡p¶ \nba§fpsS `cWLS\m km[pX Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv kp{]otImSXnbmWv. sslt¡mSXn `cWLS\bpsS 214 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v Øm]nXambn«pffXmWv sslt¡mSXn.. Hcp No^vPÌnkpw ImemIme§fnÂ \nban¡p¶nSt¯mfw PUvPnamcpw sslt¡mSXnbnep−mbncn¡pw. Hcp sslt¡mSXnbpsS hn[nbnse \nba§Ä B sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcmXnÀ¯nbnepff

8

{]tZi§fnse tImSXnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw A\pkcn¡Ww. dn«pIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡m\pff A[nImcw kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v ]pdsa sslt¡mSXnbv¡pap−v. `cWLS\ 215 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn v̈ sslt¡mSXn tImÀ«v Hm^v sd¡mÀUv BWv. AXmbXv B tImSXnbnse tcJIÄ aäp \S]Sn{Ia§Ä IqSmsXXs¶ sXfnhnÂ kznImcyamWv. IqSmsX sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcs¯ Ahtlfn¡p¶ tImÀ«e£yt¡kpIÄ B tImSXnbv¡v Xs¶ hnNmcW sNbvXv in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. tImSXnbpsS `cW]camb Imcy§Ä \nb{ń¡p¶Xn\pff N«§Ä D−m¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv. \nbak`m sXcsªSp¸pIsf kw_Ôn¨pw auenImhImi§sf kw_Ôn¨papff tIkpIÄ ]cnKWn¡phm³ sslt¡mSXnIÄ¡v A[nImcap−v. skj³kv tImSXnIÄ (sk£³ 9(1) )

skj³kv tImSXnIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv Hcp dh\yq PnÃbntem H¶ne[nIw PnÃIfpsS hnhn[ `mK§Ä tNÀ¶ {]tZit¯m Bbncn¡pw. kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv skj³kv Unhnj³ Xocpam\n v̈ skj³kv tImSXn Øm]n¡p¶Xv. {]mtZinIamb A[nImc]cn[nIÄ sslt¡mSXnbpambn BtemNn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v amämhp¶XmWv. skj³kv tImSXnbpsS A²y£s\ \nban¡m\pff A[nImcw sslt¡mSXnbv¡v#mWv. sslt¡mSXnbpsS ip]mÀib\pkcn¨mWv skj³kv PUvPnsb \nban¡p¶Xv. knhnÂ tImSXnbnse PnÃm PUvPv Xs¶bmWv skj³kv

PUvPnbpw AXpsIm−v skj³kv PUvPnsb Unkv{SnIvSv Bâv skj³kv PUvPv (District and sessions

Judge ) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. skj³k tImSXnbpsS BØm\w sslt¡mSXn \nÝbn¡p¶ Øe¯mbncn¡pw. skj³kv

tImSXnbnÂ AUojWÂ skj³kv PUvPnbpw AknÌâv skj³kv PUvPnbpw D−mbncn¡pw. knhnÂ tImSXnbnÂ tIkpIÄ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ k_vPUvPnamÀ Xs¶bmWv AknÌâv skj³kv PUvPn F¶ Øm\w hln¡p¶Xv.

No v̂ PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

Ggp hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw ]cn[nbnÃmsX ]ng in£bpw \ÂIm³ No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v\v A[nImcap−v. sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯n\v hnt[bambn PnÃbnse {Inan\Â tImSXnIfpsS AUnan\nkvt{Sjsâ t\XrXzw hln¡p¶Xv. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v BWv.

H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnÂ H¶mw ]«nIbnÂ sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ tIkpIÄ hnNmcW \S¯p¶Xv H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v BWv. IqSmsX s\tKmjy_nÄ C³kv{Ssaâv BIvSv, t^mdÌv BIvSv, `£yhkvXp¡fnÂ ambw tNÀ¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ BIvSv, tamt«mÀ shln¡Ä BIvSv XpSn§nb \nba§Ä kw_Ôn¨pff tIkpIfpw H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v hnNmcW sN¿p¶p. aq¶p hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw5000 cq] hsc ]ng in£ \ÂIm\pw Ggp hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw ]cn[nbnÃmsX ]ng in£ \ÂIm\pw H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v\v A[nImcap−v..

alm\Kc aPnkvt{S«v (Metropolitian Magistrate) ]¯p e£¯ntesd P\kwJybpff \KcamWv sat{Sms]mfoj³ \Kcsa¶dnbs¸Sp¶Xv.

_Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv Hcp \Kc¯n\v C{]Imcapff ]Zhn \ÂIp¶Xv sat{Smt]mfnjy³ aPnkvt{S«ns\ \nban¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv. Hcp No^v sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw AUojWÂ sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw D−mbncn¡pw. aPnkvt{S«pw AUojWÂ sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw skj³ PUvPnbpsS Iognembncn¡pw.

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v (Excecutive Magistrate) ( sk£³ 20 (1) ) kam[m\ ewL\w D−mIphm\nSbps−¶pff Adnhp e`n¨pIgnªmÂ AXv XSbm\mbn kXzc \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡−Xp−v. A¯cw kµÀ`§fnÂ \nbam\pkcWw sXfnhpIsfSp¯v \oXn]qÀÆIamb Hcp \nKa\¯nse¯n \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI F¶pffXv {]mtbmKnIaÃ. s]mXpP\§Ä¡v D]{Zhap−mIp¶ {]hÀ¯nIÄ F{Xbpw s]s«¶v XStb−Xp−v. Cu

\S]SnIÄ¡v Excecutive Function F¶p ]dbp¶p. C¯cw \S]SnIÄ kznIcn¡p¶Xn\v NpaXebpff aPnkvt{S«mWv FIvknIyq«ohv aPnt{Ì«v ap³Ime§fnÂ FIvknIyq«ohv A[nImchpw PpUojyÂ A[nImchpw HcmfnÂ Xs¶ \n£n]vXambncp¶p. 1955 Â CXv hn`Pn¨p. 1973 Â {Inan\Â t{]mkoUyÀ tImUv t`ZKXn sNbvXt¸mÄ Cu hn`P\w ]qÀ¯nbmbn. FIvknIyq«ohnsâ kzm[o\w CÃmsX PpUojydn kzX{ámbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xn\mbn hgnsbmcp¡pI F¶ e£yambncp¶p Cu hn`P\¯n\v ]n¶nÂ. A{]Imcw PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pw sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcntâ \nb{´W¯nepambn.

9

PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v, k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«v, FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ aäp `cW]camb A[nImc \nÀÆlWt¯msSm¸w {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnX A\pimkn¡p¶ NpaXem[nImcw IqSn \nÀÆln¡p¶hcmWv. AXn\mÂ Hcp ]cn[nhsc A¯cw tImSXnIsfbpw {Inan\Â tImSXnIfpsS ]cn[nbnÂ s]Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v ( sk£³ 20 (1)

PnÃIfnÂ Bhiy¯n\v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v {Inan\Â s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C§s\ \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«vamcnÂ Hcmsf PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbv \nban¡p¶p. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn PnÃm IeIvSsdbmWv \nban¡p¶Xv.

Hcmsf sk£³ 20 (2) {]Imcw AUoj\Â PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn PnÃm IeIvSsdbpw AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ P\dens\bpamWv \nban¡pI ]Xnhv. IqSmsX sk£³ 20(4) {]Imcw k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«pamscbpw \nban¡p¶p. sU]yq«n IeIvSÀamcmWv k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«vamcmbn \nban¡s¸Sp¶Xv. ChÀ BÀ.Un.H. F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p. AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v (sk£³ 20 (2) )

PnÃIfnÂ Bhiy¯n\v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v {Inan\Â s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C§s\ \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«vamcnÂ Hcmsf sk£³ 20 (2) {]Imcw AUoj\Â PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ P\dens\bpamWv AUoj\Â PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶Xv k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«v (sk£³ 20 (4) ) GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«ns\ Hcp k_v Unhnjsâ NmÀÖv \ÂIn k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«mbn \nba¡p¶Xn\v sk£³ sk£³ 20 (4) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p.

kvs]jyÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ( sk£³ 21 ) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy§Ä ]cnKWn¨vsIm−v Nne {]tXyI Øe§fnÂ FIvknIyq«nhv aPnkvt{S«nsâ NpXeIÄ \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\mbn kvs]jyÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«ns\ \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À sk£³ 24(2)

IpäIrXyw F¶ sXäpIÄ sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv Hcp hyànbvs¡Xncmbn«msW¦nepw AXv kaql¯n\pw FXncmbn«pffXmWv F¶mWv IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶Xv. A\nÂ IpäIrXyw XSbp¶Xn\pw Ipähmfnsb in£n¡p¶Xpw tÌänsâ {][m\ NpaXebmWv. CXnsâ `mKambn t{]mknIyqj³ \S]SnIÄ¡mbn tÌäv \nban¡p¶ \nbaÚscbmWv ]_vfnIvt{]mknIyq«ÀamÀ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

tI{µ kÀ¡mcnt\m kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnt\m sslt¡mSXnbpambn BtemNn¨v kÀ¡mcn\pth−n tIkpIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\pth−n Hmtcm sslt¡mSXnbnepw Hcp ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sdbpw Ht¶m AXnÂ IqSpXtem AUojWÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sd \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 24(1) Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Hmtcm PnÃbv¡pw Hcp ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sdbpw Ht¶m AXnÂ IqSpXtem AUojWÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sd \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 24(2) Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmIm³ tbmKyXbpffhcpsS Hcp ]m\Â skj³kv PUvPnbpambn BtemNn¨v PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v X¿mdm¡p¶p. h¡oembn Ggp hÀjs¯ {]mIvSokv DffhscbmWv Cu ]m\enÂ DÄs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. B ]m\enÂ \n¶mWv ]_vfnIvt{]mknIyq«sd kÀ¡mÀ \nban¡p¶Xv.

]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡pw AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡pw tcJmaqeapff A\phmZanÃmsX Xs¶ tImSXnbnÂ {Inan\Â tIkpIÄ \S¯mw. kvs]jyÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À

tI{µ kÀ¡mcnt\m, kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnt\m GsX¦nepw tIknsâ Bhiy§Ä¡mbn ]¯phÀj¯nÂ Ipdbm¯ Imew h¡oembn {]mIvSokv sNbvXn«pffbmsf kvs]jyÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmbn \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À

Hmtcm PnÃbnsebpw aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbnÂ kÀ¡mcn\v th−n tIkv \S¯p¶Xn\mWv AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡p¶Xv. kÀ¡mcn\v Bhiym\pkcWw AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡msa¶v sk£³ 25(1) Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡p¶Xv ]_vfnIv kÀÆokv I½oj³ hgnbmWv. t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSÀ

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v Hcp t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSsdbpw Bhiym\pkcWw t{]mknIyqj³ sU]yq«n UbdIvSÀamscbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 25(1)F Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. sslt¡mSXn No^v PÌnkpambn BtemNn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSsd \nban¡p¶Xv. ]¯phÀj¯nÂ Ipdbm¯ Imew h¡oembn {]mIvSokv sNbvXn«pffhsc am{Xta t{]mknIyqj³ sU]yq«n UbdIvSÀamcmbn \nban¡pIbpffq.

10

hnhn[ tImSXnIfpw in£ hn[n¡m³ Ahbv¡pff A[nImc§fpw tImSXn A[nImcw

kp{]ow tImSXn \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap−v

sslt¡mSXn \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap−v

skj³kv tImSXn \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap−v. F¶mÂ h[in£ hn[n¨mÂ sslt¡mSXnbpsS A\paXn BhiyamWv

AknÌâv skj³kv tImSXn 10 hÀjw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw

No^v sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v &

AUojWÂ sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«

7 sImÃw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw

No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v & AUojWÂ No^v

PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v

7 sImÃw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw

sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v 3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw

kvs]jyÂ sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v 3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw

H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v 3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw

C³shÌntKj³.

Hcp {Inan\Â tIknsâ \S]Sn{Ia§fpsS BZyL«amWv C³shÌntKj³. t]meokv tÌj\nÂ F^v.sF.BÀ. cPnÌÀ sN¿p¶tXmsS C³shÌntKj³ Bcw`nbv¡p¶p. aPnkvt{S«nÂ \n¶v adns¨mcp \nÀt±iw e`n¨n«nÃmsb¦nÂ t]meokmWv km[mcWbmbn C³shÌntKj³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff t]meokv Hm^nkÀ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸Sp¶ Øew kµÀin¡pItbm AXn\mbn Xsâ Iogpt±ymKØsc NpXes¸Sp¯pItbm sN¿p¶p. kw`h Øe¯v \n¶v Bhiyamb sXfnhv FSp¡pIbpw Bhiyapff ]£w IpähmfnbpsS AdÌpw \S¯p¶p. IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn Dd¸m¡pIbpw tIknsâ kmlNcy§Ä hnebncp¯pIbpamWv C³shÌntKjsâ BZyw L«¯nÂ sN¿p¶Xv. FÃmhn[¯nepff sXfnhpIfpsS tiJcWhpw CXnÂs¸Sp¶p. IpähmfnbpÄs¸sSbpff hyànIsf tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw samgnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. C³shÌntKj\pw hnNmcWbv¡pw Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\pw Bhiyamb hkvXp¡Ä Is−Sp¡m\mbn skÀ v̈ \S¯p¶Xpw C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv. . XpSÀ¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡p¶tXmsS t]meoknsâ C³shÌntKj³ Ahkm\nbv¡p¶p.

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbaw kwlnXbv¡v hnt[bambn hnhn[ {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯m\mbn t]meokn\v A[nImcw \ÂInbn«p−v. DZmlcWambn Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿phm\pw kwibn¡s¸Sp¶ hyànIsf Is−¯p¶Xn\mbpw sXfnhpIÄ¡mbpw skÀ¨p \S¯m\pw \nbahncp²ambXpw IpäIcambXpamb hkvXp¡Ä GsX¦nepw hyànIfpsS ssIhi¯nÂ I−mÂ AXv ]nSns¨Sp¡phm\pw t]meokn\v A[nImcap−v. am{XaÃ HcmÄ IpähmfnbÃm F¶v {]Ya ZrjvSym t_m[ys¸«mÂ Abmsf hn«bbv¡phm\pw t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nbmsf aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\paXnbnÃmsX Xs¶ Pmay¯nÂ hnSm\pw sImssákn_nÄ Ipä IrXyw \S¯nb Bsf aPnkvt{S«nsâ hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿phm\pw {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbaw kwlnX t]meokn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C³shÌntKj\pw F³Izbdnbpw

km[mcW AÀ°¯nÂ C³shÌntKj\pw F³Izbdnbpw Htc hnjb¯nsâ AÀ°ambn IW¡m¡s¸Smdps−¦nepw {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ Cu c−v ]Z¯n\pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWpffXv. Hcp t]meokv Hmôktdm AsÃ¦nÂ aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ GsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamW C³shÌntKj³ sXfnhn\v th− FÃm hn[Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKambn«mWv. Hcp {Sbensâ `mKambn«ÃmsX Hcp aPnkvt{St«m Hcp tImSXntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamWv C³shÌntKj³ Hcp C³shÌntKj\nÂ D−mbncnt¡− {][m\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ?

1. IpäIrXyw \S¶ Øe kµÀi\w 2. tIknsâ kmlNcy§fpw Imcy§fpw hnebncp¯Â

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3. Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf Is−¯n AdÌv sN¿Â 4. IpäIrXyhpambn _Ôs¸« sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡Â

F) IpähmfnbS¡papffhsc tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw AhÀ \ÂIp¶ samgn FgpXnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿Â _n) C³shÌntKjt\m {Sbent\m Bhiyambnhcp¶ hkvXp¡Ä Is−Sp¡m\pff Xnc¨nÂ \S¯Â

5. Is−Sp¯ hkvXp¡fpsS ASnØm\¯nÂ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Hcp NmÀÖv joäv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff km[yXXIsf¡pdn¨pff Xocpam\¯nse¯Â ( sk£³ 173)

C³shÌntKjsâ c−v {][m\ Xe§fmWv Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf I−p]nSn¨v AdÌv sN¿epw. C³shÌntKjtâbpw C³IzbdnbpsSbpw {Sbentâbpw Bhiy¯n\mbpff hkvXp¡Ä At\zjn¨p Is−¯epw.

t]meokv C³shÌntKj³ \S¯p¶sXt¸mÄ ? IpäIrXyw \S¶mÂ At\zjWw \St¯− apJy GP³kn t]meokmWv. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ t]meokn\v C³shÌntKj³ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

F) Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn GsX¦nepsamcmfnÂ \n¶v hnhc§Ä e`nbv¡pI _n) Bcpw hnhc§Ä X¶nsÃ¦nepw Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn t]meokn\v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ kn) Hcp PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«nÂ \n¶v At\zjWw \S¯m\mbn D¯chv e`nbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ ( sk£³ 170) s]mXphmbn ]dªmÂ t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Hcp kzImcyImcyambn«mWv {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ IcpXs¸Sp¶Xv. BbXn\mÂ A¡mcy¯n\mbn t]meokv GP³knsb D]tbmKs¸Spt¯−XnÃ. F¶mWv IW¡m¡p¶Xv. F¶ncp¶mepw A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw At\zjn¡Wsa¶v t]meoknt\mSv D¯chn«mÂ t]meokn\v AXv At\zjn¡mhp¶XmWv. FÃm t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡pw tIkv At\zjn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ. Hcp t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØt\m AsÃ¦nÂ AXnt\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ DtZymKØt\m am{Xta C³shÌntKj³ \S¯m³ sk£³ 156 A[nImcw \ÂIp¶pffq. DbÀ¶ t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v Xsâ Iognepff DtZymKØs\ tIkv At\zjW¯n\mbn NpaXes¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. C§s\ At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff t]meokv DtZymKØÀ GXp dm¦nepffhcmbncn¡Wsa¶v kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ \nÝbn¡p¶p.

Private complaint Hcp tIkv ê{]Zambpw Xr]vXnIcambpw t]meokv At\zjn¡mXncnbv¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ B tIkv t]meokn\v t\cn«v CSs]Sm³ A[nImcanÃm¯ Xc¯nepffXmIpItbm sN¿p¶

Ahkc§fnÂ ]cmXn¡mc\v tImSXnbnÂ ]cmXn t_m[n¸n¡mw. CXn\v Private complaint F¶p ]dbp¶p. ]cmXn¡mc³ kXyw sNbvXv tImSXnbnÂ samgn sImSp¡Ww. km£nIÄ lmPcps−¦nÂ AhcpsS samgnbpw FSp¡mw. AXn\v tijw tIkv ^benÂ kzoIcn v̈ {]Xnsb lmPcm¡p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIÄ tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶p. A{]Imcw tIkv ^benÂ kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn aPnkvt{S«n\v bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶ ]£w ]cmXnsb¸än Hcp {]mcw`w At\zjWw \S¯pItbm At\zjW¯n\mbn ]cmXn t]meokn\v ssIamdpItbm sN¿mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ ]cnKWn¡s¸tS− tIknÂ C§s\ sN¿p¶XÃ. XpSÀ¶v t]meoknsâ dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¨p IgnªmÂ tImSXn XpSÀ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶p.

AdÌv F¶mse v́ ? sk£³ 41

AdÌv F¶ hm¡v {^©v `mjbnÂ \n¶mWv DÛhn¨n«pffXv. XSbpI F¶mWv CXn\À°w. Hcp hyàn¡v Xsâ CjvSm\pkcWw Nen¡p¶Xn\pff kzmX{ýw CÃmXm¡pIbmWv AdÌv F¶ {]hÀ¯nbneqsS sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv. kmlNcy§Ä¡p\pkrXambn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØt\m, aPnkvt{SSnt\m Hcp kzmIcy hyànt¡m AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. hmdtâmSpIqSbpw hmdânÃmsXbpw AdÌv sN¿m\pff kmlNcy§fp−v. F{]ImcamWv AdÌv sNt¿−Xv ? hm¡mtem {]hÀ¯nbmtem AdÌv \S¯mhp¶XmWv. AdÌn\v hnt[bamIp¶ hyàn t]meokv DtZymKØsâ hm¡psIm−pw {]hÀ¯nsIm−pw hg§p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ B hyànsb XSªv Adkväv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. B hyàn _ew {]tbmKn v̈ FXnÀ¡pIbmsW¦nÂ t]meokv DtZymKØ\v Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ acW in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm e`nbv¡mhp¶ Ipäw sNbvX hyànsb AÃmsX aämÀs¡Xnscbpw _ew {]tbmKw \S¯pt¼mÄ B

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{]hÀ¯\w B hyànbpsS acW¯n\nSbmIm³ ]mSnÃ. AdÌv sN¿p¶Xntebv¡mhiyamb _e{]tbmKw am{Xta \S¯m³ ]mSqffq.

Hcp t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v Hcp hyànsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\mbn CýbnÂ FhnsS thWsa¦nepw ]n³XpSÀ¶v t]mImhp¶XmWv. AdÌv sN¿s¸tS−bmÄ asämcp hyànbpsS ho«nÂ Ds−¶v t]meokv DtZymKØ³ \ymbambn kwibn¡p¶psh¦nÂ t]meokv DtZymKØ\v IS¶p sNÃm\pff kuIcyw sNbvXp B hyàn sNbvXpsImSpt¡−XmWv. Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\pff \ymbamb FÃm kuIcy§fpw sNbvXpsImSpt¡−XmWv. F¶mÂ Xmak¡mc³ AXn\v hg§p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\mbn _eambn B ho«nÂ {]thin¡mhp¶Xpw AXn\mbn hmXntem P\tem s]mfn¡mhp¶XpamWv. F¶mÂ kv{XoIÄ am{XapffnS¯v {]thin¡pt¼mÄ AXn\pap¼mbn kv{XoIÄ¡v ]pd¯p t]mIm\pff A\phmZw \ÂtI−XmWv. AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS ssIhi¯nepff km[\§fpsS enkväv X¿mdm¡n enkvSv B hyàn¡v \ÂtI−XmWv. hmdânÃmsX Adkväv sNbvXmÂ AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànsb 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶nÂ lmPcm¡nbncnt¡−XmWv. F¶mÂ AdÌv sNbvX Øe¯v \n¶v aPnkvt{S«nsâbSp¯v F¯p¶Xn\v FSp¯n«pff bYmÀ° kabw CXnÂ \n¶v Ipdhp sN¿p¶XmWv. AdÌv sN¿m\pff ImcWw t]meokv DtZymKØ³ hyànsb Adnbn¨ncnt¡−XmWv. Hcp PpUojyÂ HmôkdmWv AdÌv sN¿s¸«sX¦nÂ Øes¯ skj³kv PUvPnbpsS ap³IqÀ A\phmZanÃmsX Abmsf t]meokv tÌj\nÂ sIm−p t]mIm³ ]mSnÃ. t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v Hcmsf hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv (sk£³ 41)

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse sk£³ 41 \pw 42 \pw hnt[bambn Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ t]meokv HmôkÀamÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿m³ A[nImcap−v. 1. HcmÄ sImssák_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb kµÀ`§fntem AsÃ¦nÂ sImssák_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn \ymbambn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 2. AbmfpsS ssIhi¯nÂ `h\t`Z\¯n\pff Bbp[§Ä ImWs¸SpIbpw AXv `h\t`\¯n\pffXÃ F¶v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v sXfnbn¡m³ IgnbmsX hcpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 3. AbmÄ {]Jym]nX IpähmfnbmsW¶v a\Ênem¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ 4. AbmÄ IfhpapXÂ ssIhiw h¨ncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 5. Bsc¦nepw t]meokv DtZymKØs\ AbmfpsS IrXy\nÀÆlW¯nÂ XSÊap−m¡pItbm t]meok IÌUnbnÂ \n¶v c£s¸Sm³ {ian¡pItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 6. Ic/hmbp/\mhnI tk\IfnÂ tPmenbpffhÀ tPmenbnÂ \n¶v HfntÑmSp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 7. HcmÄ Cýbv¡v shfnbnÂ h¨v Ipäw sNbvXXmbn kwibn¡s¸SpIbpw Ipähmfnsb

ssIamdp¶Xn\pff \nbaa\pkcn v̈ (Extradition) AdÌv sN¿s¸tS−nhcp¶Xpamb kµÀ`§fnÂ 8. tamNn¸n¡s¸« XShpImÀ hyhØ ewLn¡pt¼mÄ 9. AdÌv sN¿phm\pff A`yÀ°\ asämcp t]meokv DtZymKØ\nÂ \n¶v e`n¨n«pff kµÀ`§fnÂ 10. t]meokvImÀ¡v t\cn«v CSs]Smhp¶ IpäIcamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\v Xsâ km¶n²yw ad¨pshbv¡phm³ Bsc¦nepw ap³IcpXepIÄ \S¯p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ 11. IhÀ¨ , tamjWw apXembXv Øncw sXmgnem¡nbn«pffhsc 12. t]meokv DtZymKØsâ km¶n²y¯nÂ Hcp t\m¬ sImssákn_nÂ IpäIrXyw \S¯nbtXm \S¯nbmXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mIpItbm sN¿p¶ BtfmSv t]meokv DtZymKØ³ t]cpw ho«p t]cpw tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ AXp ]dbm³ hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm sXämb hnhc§Ä ]dªpsImSp¡pItbm BsW¦nÂ kzImcy hyànIÄ¡v AdÌv sN¿mhp¶sXt¸mÄ ? (sk£³ 41)

t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡v am{XaÃ kzImcy hyànIÄ¡pw Nne kµÀ`§fnÂ IpähmfnIsf Adkväv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. t]meokn\v t\cn«v CSs]«v At\zjn¡mhp¶Xpw Pmayw In«p¶Xn\v {]YaZrjvSym AÀlXbnÃm¯Xpamb Hcp IrXyw HcmÄ Xsâ ap¶nÂ h¨v sNbvXmÂ B hyànsb AdÌv sNbm³ GsXmcp kzImcy hyàn¡pw AhImiap−v. Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sNbvXp IgnªmÂ Abmsf ASp¯pff t]meokv tÌj\nÂ F¯n¡Ww. t]meokv \nb]camb Adkväv \S¯n XpSÀ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶XmWv. aPnt{Ì«n\mÂ AdÌv sN¿s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ ? (sk£³ 44) Hcp PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«nt\m FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nt\m X§fpsS A[nImc]cn[nbnÂ h¨v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ Imcy§Ä {i²bnÂs¸«mÂ AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv

1. GsX¦nepw hyàn X§fpsS km¶n²y¯nÂ IpäIrXyw sN¿p¶Xmbn {i²bnÂs¸«mÂ 2. X\n¡v GXv hyàns¡XncmbmtWm hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ A[nImcapffXv B hyànsb

AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

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Adkväv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS AhImi§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? (the rights of the arrested person)

hmdsâmSpIqSntbm hmdânÃmsXtbm Bscsb¦nepw AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ Fń\mWv Abmsf AdÌv sNbvXn«pffsX¶v AbmtfmSv hniZamt¡−XmWv. CXv AdÌv sN¿s¸Sp¶ hyànbpsS auenIamb AhImiamWv.

PmayanÃm¯ Ipäw sNbvX kmlNcy§fnsemgnsI hmdânÃmsX GsX¦nepw t]menkv HmôkÀ Bscsb¦nepw Adkväv sN¿pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡m\pff AhImiaps−¶pff Imcyw Abmsf Adnbn¨ncnt¡−XmWv.

hmdsâmSpIqSntbm hmdânÃmsXtbm Bscsb¦nepw AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ PayhyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Abmsf F{Xbpw s]s«¶v _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼msI lmPcm¡nbncnt¡−XmWv.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« Hcmsf bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw 24 aWn¡qdne[nIw (aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼nse¯n¡m\mhiyamb bm{Xm kabw Hgnhm¡nbtijw) IÌUnbnÂ hbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyàn¡v AbmÄ XnctªSp¡p¶ Hcp \nbahnZvKZs\ I¬kÄ«v sN¿\pff AhImiap−v.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyàn¡v sshZy ]cntim[\bv¡v hnt[b\mIm\pff AhImiap−v. F¶mÂ C{]Icmw sN¿p¶Xv \nba\S]Sn sshIn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Hcp

AdÌv sN¿s¸«bmÄ Zcn{Z\msW¦nÂ AbmÄ¡v kuP\yambn \nbaklmbw e`nbv¡m³ AÀlXbps−¶pff hnhcw AbmtfmSv Adnbn¨nt¡−XmWv.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS ssIhi¯nepff km[\§fpsS enkväv X¿mdm¡n enkvSv B hyàn¡v \ÂtI−XmWv. hmdânÃmsX Adkväv sNbvXmÂ AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànsb 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶nÂ lmPcm¡nbncnt¡−XmWv. F¶mÂ AdÌv sNbvX Øe¯v \n¶v aPnkvt{S«nsâbSp¯v F¯p¶Xn\v FSp¯n«pff bYmÀ° kabw CXnÂ \n¶v Ipdhp sN¿p¶XmWv. AdÌv sN¿m\pff ImcWw t]meokv DtZymKØ³ hyànsb Adnbn¨ncnt¡−XmWv. Hcp PpUojyÂ HmôkdmWv AdÌv sN¿s¸«sX¦nÂ Øes¯ skj³kv PUvPnsâ ap³IqÀ A\phmZanÃmsX Abmsf t]meokv tÌj\nÂ sIm−p t]mIm³ ]mSnÃ. AdÌns\ iàambn FXnÀ¡pIbpw ssIhne§v sh¡m³ ]mSnÃ. dnamâv F¶mse v́ ?

AdÌv sN¿s¸SpItbm tImSXnbnÂ lmPcmIpItbm sN¿p¶ {]Xnsb IÌUnbnÂ hbv¡m³ \nÀt±in¨psIm−v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯cchn\mWv dnamâv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. 15 Znhk¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡mWv dnamâv sN¿p¶Xv. Cu Imemh[n Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶ ]£w ho−pw \o«m³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v. h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm ]¯phÀj¯nÂ Ipdbm¯ XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnÂ sam¯w IÌUnbnÂ hbv¡mhp¶Xnsâ Imemh[n 90 Znhk¯nÂ Ihnbm³ ]mSnÃ. aäpff tIkpIfnÂ 60 ZnhkamWv Imemh[n. Cu Imemh[n Ignbpt¼mÄ {]Xn Pmayw sImSp¡phm³ X¿mdmsW¦nÂ Pmay¯nÂ hntS−XmWv. IÌUn F¶mse v́ ?

IÌUn c−p Xc¯nep−v. H¶v t]meokv IÌUn asäm¶v PpUojyÂ IÌUn. PpUojyÂ IÌUn F¶mÂ tImSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepff k_v PbnenÂ kq£n¡pI F¶pffXmWv. GXp tIknemsW¦nepw t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ ]Xn\©v Znhk¯nÂ IqSpXÂ hbv¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

]cntim[\bpw I−psI«epw (Search and Seizure) At\zjWw, hnNmcW, XpS§nb s]mXpXmÂ¸cyapff Imcy§Ä ¡pth−nbÃmsX s]mXpP\¯nsâ kzmX{ýw l\n¡s¸Sm³ ]mSnÃ hkvXp¡fpw {]amW§fpw lmPcm¡phm³ th−nbpff {][m\ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.

1. ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xp hgn 2. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff HmôkdpsS tcJmaqeapff D¯chv hgn 3. hmdâv ]pds¸Sphnt¨m CÃmsXtbm ]cntim[\bpw I−psI«epw \S¯pI hgn

ka³kpw tcJmaqeapff D¯chpw GsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw kw_Ôn¨ At\zjW¯n\mtbm, hnNmcWbv¡mtbm F³Izbdn¡mtbm GsX¦nepw {]amWtam hkvXpthm Bhiyambn hcp¶]£w _Ôs¸« {]amWtam hkvXpthm ssIhiw h¨ncn¡p¶bmÄ¡v _Ôs¸« tImSXnbv¡v hmdsâm t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v tcJmaqeapff D¯cthm ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ taÂ ]dª N«§Ä cmPyImcy§sf¡pdn¨pffXpw {]kn²oIcn¡m¯pXpambtXm HutZymKnI tcJbvt¡m, t]mÌtem sS{Km^nsâtbm A[o\Xbnepff It¯m, ]mÀktem sS{Kmtam, asäs´¦nepw tcJbvt¡m _m[IaÃ. Cu Imcy§Ä thWsa¶ps−¦nÂ Ah lmPcm¡m³ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v hmdtâmSp IqSnb skÀ¨v F¶mse v́ ? (sk£³ 93) s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡tfm {]amW§tfm Xncªpt\m¡p¶Xn\v A[nImcapff aPnkvt{St«m tImSXntbm t]meokv HmôkÀt¡m AsÃ¦nÂ A[nImcs¸« aämÀ¡psa¦ntem tcJmaqew \ÂIp¶ D¯chmWv skÀ¨v hmdâv. skÀ¨v hmdâv ]ucsâ

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kzImcyXb#nte¡pff IS¶pIbäambXn\mÂ B A[nImcw hfsc {i²m]qÀÆhpw \oXn]qÀÆhpw hn\ntbmKnt¡−XmWv. skÀ¨v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? ka³tkm, D¯cthm, \nÀt±itam ]pds¸Shn¨mepw Bhiys¸« hkvXpthm {]amWtam e`nbv¡nÃ F¶v tImSXnbv¡v D¯a t_m[yapff ]£w

1. A¯c¯nepff hkvXpthm {]amWtam BcpsS ssIhi¯nemWpffsX¶v tImSXnbv¡v Adnbm¯]£w

2. At\zjW¯n\mbn kmam\yamb Hcp ]cntim[\tbm At\zjWtam \nÀÆln¡s¸SWsa¶v tImSXn IcpXp¶ ]£w

3. GsX¦nepw IfhpapXÂ kq£n¡pItbm AXntâ {Ibhn{Ibw \S¯s¸SpItbm, \ntcm[n¡s¸« GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡Ä, hymP t\m«pIÄ Ìm¼pIÄ XpS§nbh kq£n¨n«ps−¶v kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿¶p F¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v tXm¶p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ (sk£³ 96()

4. C³Uy³ ]o\Â tImUv {]Imcw in£mÀlamb Imcy§Ä {]kn²oIcn¡s¸«n«pff \yqkvt¸mÀ, ]pkvXI§Ä apXembh Ds−¶v ImWp¶ Ahkc¯nÂ kÀ¡mcn\v t\m«n^nt¡j³ aptJ\ A¯cw hkvXp¡Ä I−psI«Wsa¶v \nÀt±in¨n«pfft¸mÄ, aPnkvt{S«n\v k_v C³kvs]IvSdpsS dm¦nÂ Ipdbm¯ t]meokv DtZymKØt\mSv B Øe v̄ {]thin v̈ ]cntim[\ \S¯m³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 96(4))

5. GsX¦nepw hyànsb \nbahncp²ambn XS¦enÂ ]mÀ¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn PnÃm aPnkvt{S«nt\m, k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«nt\m, ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«ns\m \ymbambn kwibapff ]£w skÀ v̈ hmdânÂ B hyànbpsS t]cpw Øehpw tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. C{]Imcw sXc¨nÂ \S¯pt¼mÄ Bsf I−pIn«nbmÂ Abmsf DS³ Xs¶ Hcp aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI sIm−p sNtÃ−Xpw, aPnkvt{S«v DNnXsa¶ tXm¶p¶ D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡−XpamWv. (sk£³ 97)

hmdânÃm¯ skÀ¨v sN¿p¶ kmlNcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 1. skÀ¨v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡m³ A[nImcapff Hcp aPnkvt{S«n\v Xsâ km¶n²y¯nÂ GXp Øe¯pw skÀ v̈ \S¯m³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. 2. C³shÌntKj³ kab v̄ skÀ¨#v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ kabanÃm¯t¸mÄ C³shÌntKjsâ `mKambn skÀ v̈ ASnńcambn \St¯−Xv Bhiyambn hcp¶p F¶p \ymbambn kwibn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ ko\nbdmb t]meokv DtZymKØ\v hmd−nÃmsX skÀ v̈ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØ³ X\n¡v At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff GsX¦nepw Ipäs¯Ipdn¨v At\zjWw \S¯pt¼mÄ BbXntebv¡v Bhiyapff GsX¦nepw km[\w X\n¡v NmÀPPpfftXm Xm³ tPmensN¿p¶tXm Bb GsX¦nepw t]meokv tÌjsâ AXnÀ¯n¡pffnse GsX¦nepw Øe v̄ Is−¯mhp¶XmsW¶pw B hkvXp Xsâ A`n{]mb¯nÂ A[nIw ImeXmakw IqSmsX aäp hn[¯nÂ In«m³ IgnbpIbnsÃ¶pw \ymbambn hnizkn¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ B DtZymKØ³ AXv tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\ptijw B hkvXphn\mbn ]cntim[\ \S¯mhp¶XmWv. Ignbpsa¦nÂ ]cntim[\ \St¯−Xv B DtZymKØ³ t\cn«mbncn¡Ww. F¶mÂ {]mtbmKnIambn AXn\v IgnbmXncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ BbXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\ptijw Xsâ Iognepff GsX¦nepw DtZymKØt\mSv ]cntim[\ \S¯m³ Bhiys¸Smw. Fń\mWv ]cntim[\ \S¯p¶Xv, F v́ km[\¯n\mWv ]cntim[\ \S¯p¶Xv ]cntim[\ \S¯m\pff Øew F¶n Imcy§Ä AS§nb D¯chv B DtZymKØ\v \ÂInbncn¡Ww. C{]Icmw A[nImcw e`nbv¡pt¼mÄ B DtZymKØ\v skÀ v̈ \S¯mXhp¶XmWv. skÀ v̈ kw_Ôn¨v X¿mdm¡nbn«pff tcJIfpsS ]IÀ¸pIÄ DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v Ab¨psImSpt¡−Xpw aPnkvt{S«v AXnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v skÀ¨v sN¿s¸Sp¶ Øe¯nsâ DSabvt¡m ssIhi¡mct\m At]£bn³taÂ kuP\yambn \ÂtI−pXpamWv. v. kv{Xosb tZl]cntim[\ sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ ]men¨ncnt¡− Imcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? Hcp kv{Xosb tZl]cntim[\ sNt¿−Xv Bhiyambn hcpt¼mÄ k`yXsb am\n¨psIm−v asämcp kv{Xosbs¡m−mbncn¡Ww B ]cntim[\ \St¯−Xv (sk£³ 51) icoc ]cnsim[\bneqsS Ipäw sNbvXXns\ kw_Ôn¨ sXfnhv e`nbv¡psh¶v hnizkn¡phm³ \ymbapfft¸mÄ Hcp kv{XobpsS icocw ]cntim[nt¡−Xv cPnÌÀ sN¿s¸« Hcp saUn¡Â {]mIvSoj\sds¡mt−m AhcpsS taÂt\m«¯n³ Iogntem Bbncn¡Ww. (sk£³ 53(2)) sI«nS§fnsebpw Øm]\§fnsebpw Xmak¡mcpw NpaXebpffhcpw DtZymKØcpsS Xncn¨nen\pff \ymbamb FÃm kuIcy§fpw sNbvXpsImSpt¡−XmsW¶v sk£³ 100(1) Â

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]dbp¶p. A§s\bpff Øet¯m AXntâ Npäph«t¯m Dff GsX¦nepw BÄ Xnc¨nen\p hnt[bambn km[\w Xsâ icoc¯nÂ Hfn¨ph¨n«pffXmbn \ymbambn kwibn¡mhp¶XmsW¦nÂ AbmfpsS icoc¯nepw Xnc¨nÂ \S¯mhp¶XmsW¶pw F¶mÂ A§s\bpff BÄ Hcp kv{XnbmsW¦nÂ k`yX XnI¨pw ]men¨psIm−p asämcp kv{Xo am{Xta A¯cw Xnc¨nÂ \S¯phm³ ]mSpffpsh¶pw hyhØbp−v.

tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI \nÀ_ÔnXambn lmPcm¡s¸SÂ (Process to compel appearance)

(sec-61-90) ka³kv F¶mse v́ (sk£³ 60 apXÂ 69 hsc)

tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab¯v lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm−v tImSn Abbv¡p¶ t\m«okmWv ka³kv. ka³kv tcJmaqeambncn¡Ww. Hcp AÊepw Hcp ]IÀ¸pw D−mbncn¡Ww. AXnÂ _Ôs¸« A[nImcn H¸n«ncnt¡−XmWv. tImSXnbpsS koÂ D−mbncn¡Ww. ka³kv Ignbp¶Xpw {]tXyI ZqX³ aptJ\ \St¯−XmWv. ka³kv \S¯s¸tS− hyàn¡v AXnsâ ]ÀIÀ¸v \ÂIn H¸v hm§nt¡−XmWv. Hcp tImÀ¸tdäv Øm]\¯n\mWv ka³kv \S¯p¶sX¦nÂ AXnsâ sk{I«dnt¡m AsÃ¦nÂ GsX¦nepw {]n³kn¸Â HmôkÀt¡m ka³kv \S¯nbmÂ aXn ka³kv ssI¸tä− hyànsb Is−¯m\mbnsÃ¦nÂ B ho«nse apXnÀ¶ ]pcpj\v ka³kv \ÂImhp¶XmWv. apXnÀ¶ ]pcpjs\ Is−¯m³ Ignªn«nsÃ¦nÂ B ho«nse {i²n¡s¸Sp¶ `mK v̄ ka³kv ]Xn¨v \S¯mhp¶XmWv. ka³kv \S¯p¶ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc ]cn[n¡v ]pd¯mWv ka³kv ssI¸tä−bmÄ Xmkn¡p¶sX¦nÂ AhnsS A[nImc]cn[nbpff aPnkvt{S«v aptJ\ ka³kv \St¯−XmWv. hnäv\kn\mbpff ka³kv t]mÌÂ aptJ\ \S¯mhp¶XmWv. ka³kv GsXÃmw hn[¯nÂ \S¯mw ? Fgp hn[¯nÂ ka³kv \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

1. ka³kv \S¯s¸tS− hyàn¡v t\cn«v \S¯Â (personal service) (sk£³ 62) : ka³kv ssI¸tä− hyànbv¡v t\cn«v \ÂIn AXnsâ Uyq]vfnt¡änsâ ]pd¯v H¸v hm§n \S¯mhp¶XmWv

2. ]Icw \S¯mÂ (Extended service) (sk£³ 62) : ka³kv ssI¸tä− hyànsb Is−¯m\mbnsÃ¦nÂ B ho«nse apXnÀ¶ ]pcpj\v ka³kv \ÂImhp¶XmWv. apXnÀ¶ ]pcpjs\ Is−¯m³ Ignªn«nsÃ¦nÂ B ho«nse {i²n¡s¸Sp¶ `mK v̄ ka³kv ]Xn¨v \S¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ B ho«nse the¡mc\v ka³kv kznIcn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ.

3. ]Xn¨v \S¯Â (Subsitituted service) (sk£³ 65) : t\cnt«m ]Ic¡mct\m \ÂIm³ IgnªnÃmsb¦nÂ ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv B hoSnsâ {it²bamb GsX¦nepw `mK¯v ]Xn¨p \S¯mhp¶XmWv

4. X]mÂ aptJ\ \S¯Â (sk£³ 69) : ka³kv cPnkvt{SUv X]mÂ aptJ\ \S¯m³ tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.

5. kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØ\v \S¯Â(sk£³ 66) kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØ\mWv ka³kv \ÂtI−sX¦nÂ ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv klnXw Hmôkv Xeh\v Ab¨psImSp v̄ AXv _Ôs¸« DtZymKØ\v \S¯nbtijw AXnsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv ]IÀ¸nÂ \S¯nb hnhcw tcJs¸Sp¯nb Iosggp¯pw H¸pw tcJs¸Sp¯n Uyq]vfnt¡äv Xncn¨bbvt¡−XmWv

6. tImÀ¸tdj\v ka³kv \S¯Â (sk£³ 63) tImÀ¸tdj\mWv ka³kv \St¯−sX¦nÂ AXnsâ tem¡Â amt\PÀt¡m sk{I«dnt¡m AsÃ¦nÂ No^v Hm^nkÀt¡m cPnkvt{SUv X]mÂ aptJ\ Abbv¡p¶XmWv.

7. tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n¡v ]pd v̄ ka³kv \St¯−t¸mÄ (sk£³ 67) tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n¡v ]pd¯v ka³kv \St¯−nhcpt¼mÄ B Øe¯v A[nImc]cn[nbpff aPnkvt{S«n\v ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv klnXw Ab¨v sImSp v̄ B aPnkvt{S«v hgn ka³kv \S¯p¶XmWv.

hmdâv F¶mse v́ ? (sk£³ 70 apXÂ 81 hsc)

Hcp hyànsb \nÀ_ÔnXambn tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI F¯n¡p¶Xn\pff c−mas¯ \S]SnbmWv hmdâv. ka³kv e`nbvv̈ n«pw tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI lmPcmImXncn¡pItbm lmPcmIm³ a\]qÀÆw hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ tImSXn AdÌv hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv. tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab¯v I£nsb lmPcm¡Wsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm−v t]meokn\v tImSXn Abbv¡p¶ t\m«okmWv hmdâv .

hmdâv tcJmaqeambncn¡Ww. AÊepw Hcp ]IÀ¸pw D−mbncn¡Ww. AXnÂ c−nepw _Ôs¸« A[nImcn H¸n«ncnt¡−XmWv. tImSXnbpsS koÂ D−mbncn¡Ww Hcn¡Â ]pds¸Sphn¨ hmdân\v AXv ]pds¸Sphn¨ tImSXn AXv d±m¡p¶Xphsctbm AXv FIvÌâv sN¿p¶Xphsctbm

{]m_eyap−mbncn¡p¶XmWv. tImSXnbv¡v PmayhyhØbpff hmdsâm (bailable warrant)

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PmayhyhØbnÃm¯ hmdsâm (Non bailable warrant) ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. PmayhyhØtbmsSbpff hmdâmsW¦nÂ hmdâv \S¯p¶ DtZymKØ\v tImSXnbnÂ \nÝnX Xo¿XnbnÂ lmPcmIWsa¶ hyhØtbmsS {]XnbnÂ \n¶v t_m−v hm§n Abmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSmhp¶XmWv. hmdâv {]Imcw AdÌv sNbvXbmsf 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡nbncnt¡−XmWv. Hcp tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¨ hmdâv C³UybnÂ GXv Øe¯pw \S¸m¡mhp¶XmWv. ka³kn\v ]Icw hmdâv Abbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

tImSXnbv¡v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ AXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\v tijw hmdâv Abbv¡mhp¶XmWv.. F) hnfn¨p hcpt¯− hyàn HfnhnÂ t]mIpsat¶m AsÃ¦nÂ ka³knÂ ]dbpw {]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡nsÃt¶m tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w _n) ka³kv kab¯n\v Xs¶ \S¯nbn«pw \S¯s¸« hyàn \ymbamb ImcW§fnÃmsX lmPcmImXncp¶mÂ ka³kpw hmdâpw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

ka³kv hmd³dv Hcp hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm−v tImSXn Abbv¡p¶ \nÀt±iamWv ka³kv

Hcp hyànsb tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcm¡Wsa¶v \nÀtZin¨psIm−v tImSXn t]meokn\v Abbv¡p¶ D¯chmWv hmdâv

Pmayw F¶mse v́ ? sk£³ 436 apXÂ 450 hsc

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ Pmay¯n\v \nÀÆN\w \ÂInbn«nÃ. tImSXn Bhiys¸St¼mÄ tImSXn Bhiys¸Sp¶ kab¯pw Øe¯pw lmPcmbns¡mffmsa¶ hyhØbnÂ Hcmsf \nba]camb IÌUbnÂ \n¶v hnSpXÂ sN¿p¶Xn\mWv Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

Hcmsf AdÌv sN¿p¶Xnsâ Gähpw {][m\ e£yw F³IzbdnbpsS kab¯pw hnNmcWbpw kab¯pw in£ \ÂIp¶Xn\pw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡p¶ hyànbpsS km¶n²yw Dd¸m¡pI F¶pffXmWv. F¶mÂ HcmÄ IpähmfnbmsW¶v sXfnbn¡s¸Sp¶Xp B hyànbpsS kzmX{ýhpw AtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ \oXnbpsS XmÂ¸cy§fpw ]qÀ¯oIcns¸tS−Xp−v. Cu Imcy§fmWv PmayhyhØbneqsS ]men¡s¸Sp¶Xv. Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡p¶bmsf _eambn sIm−phcmsX Xs¶ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ AbmÄ kzbw lmPcmhpIbmsW¦nÂ \oXnbpsS XmÂ¸cyhpw hyànbpsS kzmX{ýhpw kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶p. CXmWv PmayhyhØbpsS e£yw

bmYmÀ°¯nÂ Hcmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSpt¼mÄ AbmÄ tImSXnbpsS IÌUnbnemsW¶v IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. tImSXn Pmayw \ntj[n¨Xn\ptijhpw Pmay¯n\pff At]£ kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. Pmayw AhImiambn«pff kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

F) AdÌv sN¿s¸«bmÄs¡Xnsc t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Btcm]n¡s¸Sm¯ kmlNcy§fnÂ

Hcmsf hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿pIbpw F¶mÂ AbmÄs¡Xnsc t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Btcm]n¡s¸Sm¯ kmlNcy§fp−mhpIbpw Pmayw FSp¡p¶Xn\v AbmÄ X¿mdmhpIbpamsW¦nÂ Abmsf IÌUnbnÂ h¨n«pff t]meokv Hmôktdm tImSXntbm AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂtI−XmWv. t]meokv HmôkÀt¡m tImSXnt¡m bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶]£w aäp Pmay¡mÀ¡v th−n Im¯ncn¡msX {]Xnsb AbmfpsS kz´w Pmay¯nepw hnSmhp¶XmWv. Pmayw A\phZn¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnseÃmw Cu \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡mhp¶XmWv.

{]Xnsb Pmay¯nÂ hnSpt¼mÄ t]meokv Hmôktdm tImSXntbm AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂInbXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv.

Pmay¯nÂ hnSmhp¶Xpw AÃm¯Xpamb tIkpIsf¡pdn¨v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse H¶mw ]«nIbnÂ sImSp¯n«p−v.

taÂ hyhØbnÂ Pmay A\phZn¡s¸«bmÄ Pmay hyhØIÄ ewLn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ tImSXnb¡v Pmayw \ntj[n¡mhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 436 (2)

Pmay¯n\mbn Bhiys¸Sp¶ t_m−nsâ XpI A\ymbamIm³ ]mSnÃ F¶v sk£³ 436 (1) Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. tIknsâ kz`mhhpw kmlNcy§fpw ]cnKWn¨mbncn¡Ww XpI \nÝbnt¡−Xv. t]meokv Hmôktdm tImSXntbm Bhiys¸«n«pff t_m−nse XpI Ipd¨psImSp¡phm³ sslt¡mSXn¡pw skjv³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap−v. sk£³ 436 (2) sk£³ 436 (1) {]Imcw Pmayw \ntj[n¨Xns\Xnsc A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡phm³ hyhØbnsÃ¦nepw sk£³ 439 {]Imcw sslt¡mSXnbntem skj³kv tImSXnbntem Pmay¯n\mbn kao]n¡mw. sk£³ 439 {]Imcw Pmayw A\phZn¨XnÂ ]n¶oSv t]meokv HmôkÀ Hcmsf IÌUnbnÂ h¨mÂ B HmôkÀ sF.]n.kn. 342 Â ]dbp¶ A\ymb XS¦enÂ hbv¡pI F¶ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv.

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Pmayw e`nbv¡m\hImianÃm¯ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb BÄ¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡ptam ? Pmayw In«m\hImianÃm¯ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Bfn\v Xmsg¸dbp¶ hyhØIÄ

A\pkcn¨v Pmayw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv 1. h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ Hcp Ipäw \S¯nsb¶v

\ymbambn kwibn¡s¸Smhp¶ Hcmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSm³ aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcanÃ.

2. taÂ¸dª Ipä§fpÄs¸sS FÃm Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯nepw Ipähmfnsb Pmay¯nÂ hnSm³ skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap−v.

3. h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ Ipä§Ä Hgn¨pff Ipä§Ä \S¯nbXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mbncn¡p¶ hyànsb aPnkvt{S«n\v Pmay¯nÂ hnSmhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ A§s\ hn«psImffWsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ. F¶mÂ Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäwIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mbncn¡p¶ hyànbpsS Imcy¯nÂ Pmayw A\phZn¡Wsa¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔamWv.

4. Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäwIrXyw \S¯nbXmb 16 hbÊnÂ Xmsg {]mbapffhscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw tcmKtam AhiXtbm Dffhscbpw Pmay¯nÂ hnSmhp¶XmWv.

5. km£nIsfs¡m−v {]Xnsb Xncn¨dnbnt¡−Xntebv¡v {]Xnsb Bhiyaps−¶ ImcW¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ am{Xw Pmayw \nckn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

6. C³Uy³ in£m \nbaw 6, 16, 17 F¶o A²ymb§fnÂ ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§sfm Ggp sImÃtam A[ne[nItam XShp in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ Ipä§tfm BWv \S¯nbsX¦nÂ tImSXnbv¡v bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Nne hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Pmayw A\phZn¡mhp¶XmWv. Cu hyhØIÄ t`ZKXn sN¿p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap−v. Pmay¯nÂ hn« Hcmsf ho−pw AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\pw IÌUnbnÂ FSp¡p¶Xn\pw D¯chnSm³ sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap−v.

Pmay XpI F{]ImcamWv \nÝbn¡p¶Xv ? PmayXpI F{Xbmbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÝbn¡p¶Xv Pmayw A\phZn¡p¶ A[nImcnbpsS

hnthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨mWv. Pmayw \nÂ¡p¶ Bfn\v AXn\pff AÀlXbpw kz¯papt−m F¶v t_m[ys¸Sp¶Xn\v tImSXnIÄ¡v kXyhmMvaqew sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡mw. bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ At\zW§Ä \S¯pIbpw sN¿mw. Pmayw \n¶bmÄ¡v PmayNpaXebnÂ \n¶pw HgnhmIm\mIptam ? 444 (1) {]Xnsb tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡phm³ Gänäpff Pmay¡mc\v sk£³ 444 hIp¸\pkcn v̈ PmayNpaXebnÂ \n¶pw hnSpXÂ In«p¶Xn\v GXp kab¯pw tImSXn ap³]msI At]£ t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. At]£ e`n¨p IgnªmÂ Pmay¯nÂ hn« Bfns\ AdÌv sNbvXp tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡phm³ hmdâv D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡−XmWv. {]Xnsb hmdâv {]Imcw AdÌv sNbvXpsIm−phcnItbm {]Xn kzbw lmPcmhpItbm sNbvXmÂ Pmay¡mcs\ NpaXebnÂ \n¶v Hgnhm¡pIbpw ]pXnb Pmay¡msc lmPcm¡m¯ ]£w {]Xnsb Pbnentebv¡v Abbv¡p¶XpamWv. Pmay¡mc³ acn¨pt]mhpItbm \nÀ²\\mbn¯ocpItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnepff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? (sk£³ 446) Pmay¡mc³ acWs¸SpItbm AsÃ¦nÂ \nÀ²\\mbn¯ocpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ GXp tImSXnbpsS D¯chv {]ImcamtWm t_m−v hm§nbXv B tImSXnbvt¡m H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m BZy D¯chnse \nÀt±im\pkcWw ]pXnb Pmayw \ÂIm³ {]XntbmSv Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. {]Xn A{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ {]Xnsb PbneneSbv¡mhp¶XmWv. {]Xn ssa\dmbncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ PmayhyhØ F{]ImcamWv ? (sk£³ 448) {]Xn ssa\dmsW¦nÂ Pmay¡mc³ am{Xw H¸n« t_m−v DtZymKØt\m tImSXnbvt¡m kzoIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. Pmay hyhØIÄ ewLn¨mÂ ]ng CuSm¡p¶Xv F{]ImcamWv ?

Pmayw FSp¯Xn\v tijw Pmay hyhØIÄ ]men¡msX h¶mÂ PmayXpI sI«nhbv¡p¶Xn\v t_m−v FgpXnsImSp¯ hyàn¡v t\m«okv Abbv¡pIbpw X¡Xmb kam[m\w t_m[n¸n¡m¯ ]£w ]ng sI«nhbv¡m³ D¯chnSp¶XpamWv. ]ng AS¨nsÃ¦nÂ ]ng in£ CuSm¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {]Imcw XpI hkqem¡p¶XmWv. Pmayw A\phZnbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ {]Xn PbnenemsW¦nepff \S]Snsb v́? (sk£³ 442 (1) Pmay¯n\pff t_m−v H¸n« DS³ Xs¶ {]Xnsb tamNn¸nt¡−XmWv.

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{]Xn PbnenemsW¦nÂ Pmayw A\phZn¡p¶ tImSXn Pbnensâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØ\v hntamN\ D¯chv \ÂtI−Xpw A{]Imcw B DtZymKØ³ {]Xntb tamNn¸nt¡−XpamIp¶p. ap³IqÀ Pmayw F¶mse v́

sk£³ 438 Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ Hcp IpäIrXyw Xsâ taÂ Npa¯n Xs¶ AdÌv sNbvtX¡m\nSbps−¶v

Bsc¦nepw IcpXp¶ ]£w ap³IqÀ Pmay¯n\mbn skj³kv tImSXnbntem sslt¡mSXnbntem At]£ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw AXp{]Imcw _Ôs¸« tImSXn hnthN\m[nImcw {]Imcw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw. . Hcp hyàn AdÌnemIp¶Xn\p ap¼v Xs¶ Abmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSm³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWnXv. sk£³ 438 Â bYmÀ°¯nÂ ap³IqÀ Pmays¯¡pdn¨Ã {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Hcmsf AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ Abmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSm\pff Hcp D¯chv am{XamW. v AdÌnemIm¯ hyànbv¡v Pmayw BhiyanÃtÃm. AXpsIm−v AdÌv sN¿s¸Spt¼mÄ am{Xta B D¯chv {]m_ey¯nÂ hcpIbpffq.

kzm[o\apff hyànIÄ AhcpsS i{Xp¡sf A]am\n¡p¶Xn\pth−ntbm AsÃ¦nÂ AhcpsS kmao]yw Ipd¨p Imet¯¡v CÃmXm¡p¶Xn\pth−ntbm Ifft¡knÂ IpSp¡n PbneneSbv¸n¡p¶Xn\pff km[yXXIÄ D−mIm\nSbp−v. C¯cw km[yXXIÄ CÃmXm¡p¶Xn\v th−nbmWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw hyhØ \S¸nem¡nbn«pffXv.

C{]Imcw ap³IqÀ Pmayw e`nbv¡pt¼mÄ B D¯chnÂ Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ hyhØIÄ D−mbncn¡pw

1. At\zjW DtZymKØsâ ap¶nÂ Bhiys¸Spt¼msgÃmw lmPcmbns¡mffmw 2. tIknsâ hkvXpXIÄ Adnbmhp¶ GsX¦nepw hyànsb B hnhc§Ä

tImSXnbptStbm At\zjW DtZymKØsâtbm ap¼msI shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv hne¡p¶Xn\mbn t\cnt«m {]tNmZ\w/òjWn hgntbm ]n³Xncn¸n¡p¶Xn\v {ian¡pIbnÃ

3. tImSXnbpsS ap³Iq«nbpff A\phmZanÃmsX C³Uy hnSpIbnÃ 4. km[mcW Pmayw e`nbv¡p¶ hIp¸nÂ Bbncp¶psh¦nÂ B hIp¸nÂ

D−mIpambncp¶ D]m[nIfpw bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶psh¦nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv

dnhnj\pw A¸oepw X½nepff hyXymksa v́ ?

Distinguish between appeal and revision {Inan\Â tIkpIfnÂ hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn sImSp¯ in£ A]cym]vXamsW¶v

kÀ¡mcn\v tXm¶nbmÂ sslt¡mXSnbnÂ A¸oÂ t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. A¸oÂ tImSXntbm hnNmcW sNbvX BZys¯ tImSXntbm {]Xntb shdpsX hn«mÂ kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ _m[n¸n¡mw. Hcp kzImcy hyàn sImSp¯ ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv tIkv ^benÂ kzoIcn¨sX¦nÂ {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«mÂ A¸oÂ sN¿p¶Xn\v {]sXyIm\paXn Bhiys¸«psIm−v ]cmXn¡mc\ sslt¡mSXnsb kao]n¡mw. {]Xnsb shdpsX hnSp¶Xns\Xncmbn sslt¡mSXnbnÂ sImSp¡p¶ A¸oenÂ {]Xnsb h[in£bvt¡m Poh]cy´w \Shnt\m, ]t¯m AXne[nItam hÀj§Ä XShnt\m in£n¨mÂ kp{]ow tImSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ sImSp¡mw.

{Inan\Â tImSXnbpsS GsX¦nepw Xocpam\tam D¯cthm icnbmtWm, \nbahncp²amtWm, A\pNnXamtWm F¶pw \S]Sn{Ia§fnÂ A]mIXbpt−m F¶pw ]cntim[n¨p XoÀ¸p IÂ¸n¡p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXn¡pw skj³kv tImSXn¡pw A[nImcw sImSp¯n«p−v. CXn\v dnhnj³ A[nImcw F¶p ]dbp¶p.

in£mhn[n eLqIcn¡Â F¶mse v́ ?

HcmÄ¡v Npas¯s¸« in£ kapNnX Kh¬saân\v in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸«n«pff BfpsS k½Xw IqSmsX eLqIcn¡m³ AhImiap−v. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ hn[¯nÂ in£ eLqIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

1. acWin£mhn[n¨ tIknÂ acW in£ sF.]n.knbnse atäsX¦nepw in£bv¡pffXmtbm 2. Poh]cy´w XShv in£ hn[n¨ tIknÂ in£ 14 hÀj¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡pff

XShnt\m ]ngbvt¡m DffXmtbm 3. ITn\ XShn\pff in£ hn[n¨ tIknÂ Abmsf GXp Iemt¯bv¡pff shdpw \Shnt\m

]ngbvt¡m DffXmtbm 4. shdpw XShn\pff in£ hn[n¨v tIknÂ in£ , ]ngbv¡pffXmtbm

eLqIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. d^d³kv F¶mse v́ ?

Hcp tImSXn ap¼msI \ne\nÂ¡p¶ tIkv GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm HmÀUn\³knsâtbm dKptejsâtbm AsÃ¦nÂ AhbnÂ AS§nbncn¡p¶ hyhØbptStbm km[pXsb kw_Ôn¨pw tIknsâ Xocpam\¯n\v Bhiyambn«pffXmWv F¶v t_m[ys¸SpIbpw {]kvXpX hyhØIÄ Akp[phmsWt¶m {]hÀ¯\ iq\yamsWt¶m A`n{]mbap−mbncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶

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kmlNcy¯nÂ AXn\pff ImcW§Ä ImWnNvNv Hcp tÌävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvSkv X¿mdm¡pIbpw AXv sslt¡mSXbpsS Xocpam\¯n\v hnSp¶Xn\mWv d^d³kv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.. taÂ Xc¯nepff d^d³kv X¿mdm¡p¶ tImSXn GXp sslt¡mSXnbpsS IognemtWm B sslt¡mSXnbnÂ thWw d^À sNt¿−Xv. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 395 {]Imcw Iogv tImSXnbv¡v sslt¡mSXnbntebv¡v d^d³kv \ÂIm\pff A[nImcap−v

taÂ ]dª {]Imcw d^À sN¿p¶ tIÊnÂ AXn³taÂ Dff sslt¡mSXnbpsS Xocpam\w D−mIp¶Xphsc {]Xnsb Pbnentebv¡v Abbv¡mt\m AsÃ¦nÂ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ lmPcmImsa¶ hyhØbnÂ Pmayw \ÂImt\m d^À sN¿p¶ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−mbncn¡pw.

sslt¡mSXnbv¡v d^À sNbvX tIknÂ sslt¡mSXn bpàamb Xocpam\saSp¡Ww.

Xocpam\¯nsâ ]IÀ¸v d^À sNbvX tImSXnbv¡v Ab¨psImSp¡Ww. sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chn\v A\pcq]ambn d^À sNbvX tImSXn tIknÂ XoÀ v̧ IÂ¸n¡pw.

d^d³knsâ tImSXn sNehv sImSpt¡−Xv BcmsW¶v sslt¡mSXnbv¡v \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv.

d^d³kv \ÂIWsa¦nÂ Xmsg sImSp¯n«pff kmlNcy§Ä D−mbncn¡Ww. 1. tIkv Iogv tImSXnbnÂ s]ân§mbncn¡Ww 2. B tIkv GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm, HmÀUn\³knsâtbm, dKptejsâtbm

\nbakm[pXXsb¡pdnt¨m AsÃ¦nÂ GsX¦nepw GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm, HmÀUn\³knsâtbm, dKptejsâtbm s{]mhnjs\¡pdnt¨m Dff tNmZyw Dbcp¶nS¯v

3. A¯c¯nepfhmIp¶ kwibw sslt¡mSXn Akm[phmbn {]Jym]n¡psa¶v IogvtImSXn IcpXnbncn¡Ww. F¶mÂ CtX hnjb¯nÂ kp{]ow tImSXn t\cs¯ Xs¶ Akm[phmbn {]Jym]n¨n«ps−¦nÂ ho−pw d^d³kn\v Abbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

dnhnj³ F¶mse v́ ? sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv tImSXnbvt¡m AXnsâ A[nImc]cn[n¡pffnÂ ØnXn

sN¿p¶ GsX¦nepw IogvtImSXnbpsS dn¡mÀtUm D¯chpItfm XoÀt¸m in£mhn[ntbm icnbmsWt¶m DNnXamsWt¶m F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ th−n Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv tImSXnbvt¡m Dff Cu A[nImc¯n\mWv dnhnj³ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. A§s\bpff dn¡mÀUv Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ GsX¦nepw in£mhn[ntbm D¯cthm \S¸m¡p¶Xv kkvs]âv sN¿m\pw {]Xn XShnemsW¦nÂ Pmay¯nÂ hnSm\pw \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv. dnhnj³ A[nImc§Ä CS¡me D¯chv kw_Ôn¨v {]tbmKn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ. GsX¦nepw hyàn taÂ hyhØ {]Imcw sslt¡mSXnbntet¡m skj³kv tImSXnbntebvt¡m At]£ sImSp¯n«ps−¦nÂ ho−pw AtX BfpsS At]£ skj³kv tImSXntbm sslt¡mSXntbm kzoIcn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv sImSXnbvt¡m dnhnj³ A[nImc§Ä {]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\mbn dn¡mÀUv ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn³tatem AsÃ¦nÂ aäp hn[¯ntem Hcp tIknsâ XpSÀ¶pff At\zjW hnNmcW No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v t\cnt«m AsÃ¦nÂ At±l¯n\v Iognepff GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{S«v hgntbm \S¯m³ \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«n\v AXv t\cn«v \S¯pItbm GsX¦nepw Iogv aPnkvt{S«ns\ \S¯m³ \nÀt±in¡pItbm sN¿mhp¶XmWv. {]Xnbvt¡m aämÄt¡m Xsâ kz´w {]XnhmZ¯nÂ ]dbm\pffXv t\cnt«m h¡oÂapJmńctam ]dbm³ Ahkcw e`nbv¨n«nÃm¯ ]£w AbmÄ¡v {]XnIqeambn Cu hyhØbnÂ IognÂ bmsXmcp D¯chpw \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. Hcp tIknÂ A¸oÂ D−mbncns¡ A¸oÂ \ÂImXncn¡pIbpw XpSÀ¶v I£n dnhj\v At]£ \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXmÂ AXv ]cnKWn¡pIbnÃ.

NmÀÖv (Charge) F¶mÂ F v́ ? NmÀÖv sN¿p¶Xn\pw NmÀÖnÂ amä§Ä hcp¯p¶Xn\papff N«§Ä Fs´Ãmw ?

efnXambn ]dªmÂ Hcp hyànbpsS taÂ Ipäw Npa¯emWv NmÀÖv. Ipäw sNbvX hyànbpsS t]À¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqew Ipäw Npa¯p¶ {]{InbbmWnXv {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba{]Imcapff GXp hnNmcWbpsSbpw Bcw`¯nÂ Xs¶ Ipähmfnsb AbmÄ sNbvX Ipä§sf¡pdn¨pff hnhc§Ä Adnbn¨ncnt¡−XmWv. skj³kv, tImSXnbptStbm aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbptStbm ap¼msI \S¯s¸Sp¶ hmd−v tIknsâ hnNmcWbv¡v ap¼mbn tcJmaqeapff Ipä]{Xw BZyta Xs¶ Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ¡v \ÂInbncnt¡−XmWv. ka³kv tIknsâ hnNmcWbv¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqeapff NmÀÖv \ÂInbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ. AXn\v ]Icw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ¡v AbmÄ sNbvXXmbn IcpXs¸Sp¶ IpäIrXy¯nsâ hnhcWw \ÂInbmÂ aXn.

Hcp Ipä]{X¯nÂ (Charge sheet) GsXÃmw LSI§Ä D−mbncn¡Ww ? {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 211 apXÂ 214 hsc Ipä]{X¯ntâ DffS¡§sf¡pdn v̈ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. AX\pkcn¨v

1. FÃm Ipä]{X¯nepw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ sNbvXXmb Ipäs¯¡pdn v̈ ]dªncnt¡−XmWv

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2. B IpäIrXy¯n\v \nba¯nÂ Fs´¦nepw t]À ]dªn«ps−¦nÂ NmÀÖnÂ B Ipä¯nsâ t]cv am{Xw sImSp¯ncn¶mÂ aXn.

3. F¶mÂ B IpäIrXy¯n\v \nba¯nÂ t]À sImSp¯n«nÃmsb¦nÂ Ipähmfnbv¡v Xm³ sNbvX Ipä¯nsâ Imcyw a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\mbn hni±oIcWw sImSp¯ncnt¡−XmWv.

4. GXp \nba{]ImcamWv AbmfpsS {]hÀ¯n Ipäambn IW¡m¡nbn«pffsX¶pw B IpäIrXyw \nba{]Imcw GXp hpIp¸nÂ s]Spsa¶pw Ipä]{X¯nÂ hyàam¡nbncnt¡−XmWv.

5. IpäIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn ]dbp¶ Øehpw kabhpw BÀs¡XnscbmWv \S¯nbn«pffsX¶pw AsÃ¦nÂ Fńs\XnscbmWv \S¯nbn«pffsX¶pw Ipä]{X¯nÂ hyàam¡nbncnt¡−XmWv.

6. Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn ap³]v hÃ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¯nbn«ps−¦nÂ IpäIrXy§fpsS hnhc§fpw Ipä]{X¯nÂ sImSp¯ncnt¡−XmWv. C¡mcyw tNÀ¯m³ hn«pt]mbn«ps−¦nÂ in£ hn[n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn GXp kab¯pw B hnhcw tNÀ¡mhp¶XmWv.

7. tImSXnbpsS `mjbnemWv Ipä]{Xw X¿mdmt¡−Xv. Ipä]{X¯nsâ ]p\{IaoIcWw 216(1)

hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v GsX¦nepw Ipä]{X¯nÂ amäw hcp¯mt\m Iq«ntNÀ¡mt\m {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 216(1) {]Imcw tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v. Ipä]{X¯nÂ amäw hcp¯pItbm Iq«ntNÀ¡epIÄ \S¯pItbm sN¿p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ Xmsg ]dbp¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¨ncnt¡−XmWv. 1. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä {]Xn¡v hmbn¨p tIÄ¸n¨p

sImSp¡pIbpw hni±oIcn¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv.. A{]Imcw sNbvXn«nÃmsb¦nÂ AXv \nbahncp²ambn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv. t``KXnsb¡pdn v̈ {]Xn Adnªncnt¡−Xp−v F¶psIm−mWnXv

2. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä tIknsâ {]Xntcm[s¯tbm t{]mknIyqjs\bpw _m[n¡p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ hnNmcW DS³ Xs¶ XpS§mhp¶Xpw hnNcW thfbnÂ amä§Ä hcp¯mhp¶XpamWv. BbXn\mÂ ]pXpXmbn Hcp NmÀÖv \ÂtI−Xmbn«v hcp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ FXp L«w apXÂ¡mtWm amäw hcp¯nbXv B L«sa¯pt¼mÄ amäw hp¯p¶Xn\\pkcn¨mbncn¡Ww apt¶m«v t]mtI−Xv

3. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä tIknsâ {]Xntcm[s¯tbm t{]mknIyqjs\bpw _m[n¡p¶psh¦nÂ hnNmcW amän hbv¡pItbm ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯pItbm sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv.

4. {SbÂ Bcw`n¨Xn\p tijw NmÀÖnÂ amäw hcp¯pItbm Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm sNbvXmÂ Ipähmfnsbbpw t{]mknIyqjs\bpw GsX¦nepw km£nIsf CXn\Iw hnkvXmcw \S¯nbn«ps−MInÂ B km£nsbbpw A{]Imcw amäw hcp¯nbn«pff Imcy§Ä ]cntim[n¡phm³ A\phZnt¡−Xpw C\nbpw IqSpXembn GsX¦nepw km£nIsf hnkvXcnt¡−Xmbn«ps−¶v tImSXnbv¡v tXm¶p¶]vIjw B km£nsbbpw hnkvXcnt¡−XmWv. km£nIsf ]p\À hnkvXcn¡Wtam F¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔaÃ.

hnkvXmcw XpS§n¡gnªXnÂ ]ns¶bmWv Ipä]{X¯nÂ amäw hcp¯nbsX¦nÂ tIkntâ \S¯n¸n\v ImeXmakw hcp¯n\mbn«mWv km£nIsf ]p\ÀhnNmcW \S¯m\pw aäpw ho−pw hnfn¨phcp¯p¶Xn\pff At]£ \ÂIp¶Xv F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[yapff ]£w tImSXnbv¡v Cu Bhiyw \ncmIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. hnhn[ Ipä§Ä¡v H¶n v̈ Hcp Ipä]{Xw \ÂIÂ HcmÄ sN¿p¶ hyXyØ IpäIrXy§Ä¡v shtÆsd Ipä]{Xw \ÂtI−Xpw B Hmscm Ipä§Ä¡pw shtÆsd hnNmcW \St¯−XpamWv. F¶mÂ Cu \nba¯n\v Nne A]hmZ§Ä D−v. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 218 apXÂ 244 hsc hnhn[ IpäIrXy§Ä¡v H¶n¨v Ipä]{Xw \ÂIp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. 1. Ipäw Npa¯s¸«bmÄ tcJmaqew At]£n¡pIbpw A§s\ sN¿p¶XpsIm−v tIknsâ

\S]SnIÄ¡v bmsXmcp tIm«hpw X«pIbnsÃ¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v t_m[ys¸SpIfbpw sN¿pIbmsW¦nÂ AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff FÃm Ipä§tfm AsÃ¦nÂ GsX¦nepw NnetXm H¶n¨m¡n Ipä]{Xw \ÂIm³ aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcap−v.

2. Hcp hÀj¯n\pffnÂ Htc Xc¯nepff IqSpXÂ IpäIrXy§Ä NmÀÖv sN¿s¸«n«pffbhkc¯nÂ HcmÄ 12 amk¯n\pffnÂ HtcXc¯nepff IqSpXÂ Ipä§Ä sNbvXXmbn Btcm]n¡s¸Sp¶

Ahkc¯nÂ AXnÂ aq¶nÂ IqSmsXbpff Ipä§Ä H¶m¡n Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XmWv. sNbvXn«pff IpäIrXy§Ä Htc Xc¯nepffXpw B IpäIrXyw sNbvXXn\v \nba{]Imcw Htc Xc¯nepff XpI ]ngbmbn \ÂImhp¶Xpw Bbncn¡Ww 3. Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v sN¿s¸Sp¶ H¶ntesd IpäIrXy§Ä

21

XpSÀ¨bmbpff Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v HcmfmÂ Xs¶ H¶nse IpäIr§Ä \S¯ps¸SpIbmsW¦nÂ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Ipä]{X§Ä \ÂtI−Xpw FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hcp hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv

DZmþ kn F¶ t]meokpImcsâ \nba]camb IÌUnbnepff _n F¶bmsf F c£s¸Sp¯p¶p. C§s\ sN¿p¶Xn\nSbv¡v F t]meokpImc\v ITn\amb tZtlm]{Zhw D−m¡p¶p. ChnsS F bpsS taÂ sk£³ 225, 333 F¶o hIp¸pIÄ {]Imcw Ipäw Npa¯pIbpw Hä hnNmcW \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. 4. HcmÄ IpäIcamb hnizmkewL\w \S¯nbXmtbm NXnhmbn kz¯v Xncnadn \S¯nbXmtbm 5. Hcp {]hÀ¯nbnÂ hyXyØ \nÀÆN\§fnÂ hcp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä HcmÄ sN¿p¶ IpäIcamb {]hÀ¯n hyXyØ \nba§fnÂ hyXyØ \nÀÆN\¯nÂ hcp¶psh¦nÂ A¯cw Ipä§Ä¡v {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw \ÂtI−Xpw FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hä hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv DZm. F F¶bmÄ hSnsIm−v _n F¶bmsf ASnbv¡p¶p. ChnsSb F sb sk£³ 352 {]Imcw IpäIcamb _e{]tbmK¯n\pw sk£³ 323 {]Imcw a\]qÀÆw tZtlm]{Zhw FÂ¸n¨Xn\pw {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hä hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv. 6. HcmÄ Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v ]eXc¯nepff IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXmÂ Hmtcm

IpäIrXy§Ä¡pw {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv. DZm. F _n F¶bmsf sImffbSn¡p¶p. C§s\ sN¿p¶Xn\nSbv¡v _n sb tZtlm]{ZhtaÂ¸n¡p¶p. Fbv¡v hyXyØ Ipä]{X§Ä \ÂIn ( sk£³ 323, 392, 394 ) H¶n v̈ hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv. 7. F´p Xc¯nepff IpäIrXyamWv sNbvXn«pffXv F¶v kwibw D−mIp¶bhkc¯nÂ HcmÄ Hcp {]hÀ¯nbntem AsÃ¦nÂ XpSÀ¨bmb {]hÀ¯n\§fmtem hnhn[ IpäIrXy¯nteÀs¸SpIbpw F¶mÂ {]Xn GXp IpäamWv sNbvXn«pffXv F¶v kwibap−mIpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ {]Xnsb FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSntbm AsÃ¦nÂ GsX¦nepw Hcp Ipä¯nt\m NmÀÖv sImSp¡mhp¶Xpw AhsbÃmw H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XpamWv. C§s\ Hcp Ipä¯n\v NmÀÖv sNbvX kµÀ`§fnÂ {]Xn asämcp Ipäw IqSn sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn sXfnbpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ A¯cw Ipä¯n\v Abmsf NmÀÖv sNbvXn«nÃ F¶ncn¡nepw Abmsf hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv. DZm F F¶bmsf tamjWw, Ifhp apXÂ kzoIcn¡Â, hnizmkh©\, NXn, F¶o Ipä§Ä Npa¯n taÂ Ipä§Äs¡ÃmwIqSn NmÀÖv sImSp¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶v H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ Abmsf taÂ¸dª Hmtcm Ipä¯n\pw NmÀÖv sN¿pItbm sN¿mw. F¶mÂ F sb Hcp Ipä¯n\v am{Xw NmÀÖv sNbvXv hnNmcW \S¯pt¼mÄ F asämcp Ipähpw sNbvXXmbn sXfnªm³ AbmÄ¡v B Ipä§Ä¡v NmÀÖv \ÂInbn«nÃm F¶ncp¶mepw aäv Ipä§Ä¡pw Abmsf in£n¡mhp¶XmWv.

Nne hyànIsf H¶n¨v NmÀÖv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? ( Joinfer of

Charges.) 218 apXÂ 244 hscbpff sk£³ 1. Htc Xc¯nepff IpäIrXyw H¶n¨v Htc kw`h¯n\SbnÂ sNbvXmÂ 2. Hcp IpäIrXyw sNbvXXmbn kwibn¡s¸Sp¶hcpw AXn\v t{]cn¸n¨nhcpw AXn\v

{ian¨hcpambhsc 3. 12 amk¯n\pffnÂ Iq«mbn sNbvXn«pffXpw 219 hIp v̧ {]Imcw Htc Xc¯nepffXpambn

H¶ne[nIw Ipä§Ä¡v NmÀÖv sImSp¡s¸«n«pffhcpamb BfpIsf 4. tamjWw , X«n¸dn, NXn, IpäIcamb A[nImc ZpÀhn\ntbmKw F¶n Ipä¯n\v NmÀÖv

sImSp¯n«pff BfpIfpw AhÀ ssIhis¸Sp¯nbn«pff hkvXp kzoIcn¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ AXv Hfn¸n¨p hbv¡p¶Xn\v klmbn¡pItbm AXv hnÂ¡p¶Xn\v klmbn¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xnt\m AsÃ¦nÂ AXn\v t{]cW \ÂIpItbm {ian¡pItbm sNbvXn«pff BfpIsfbpw H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

{SbÂ F¶mse v́ ?

. HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v kwibn¡p¶nS v̄ AXv \nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\mbn Hcp aPnkvt{S«v \S¯p¶ PpUojyÂ \S]Sn{Ia¯n\mWv {SbÂ F¶p ]dbp¶X.v

C³shÌntKj³ F¶mse v́ ? km[mcW AÀ°¯nÂ C³shÌntKj\pw C³Izbdnbpw Htc Imcy¯nsâ AÀ°ambn

IW¡m¡s¸Smdps−¦nepw {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ Ch c−n\pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWv \ÂInbn«pffXv. C³shÌntKj³ FÃmbvt]mgpw Hcp t]meokv Hmôkdn\mtem AsÃ¦nÂ aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ GsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWambncn¡psa¶mWv {Inan\Â

22

\S]Sn \nba¯nÂ ]dbp¶Xv. sXfnhn\v th− FÃm hn[ Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv.

C³shÌntKj\nÂ D−mbncnt¡− {][\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 6. IpäIrXyw \S¶ Øe kµÀi\w 7. tIknsâ kmlNcy§fpw Imcy§fpw hnebncp¯Â 8. Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf Is−¯n AdÌv sN¿Â 9. IpäIrXyhpambn _Ôs¸« sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡Â

F) IpähmfnbS¡papffhsc tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw AhÀ \ÂIp¶ samgn FgpXnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿Â _n) C³shÌntKjt\m {Sbent\m Bhiyambnhcp¶ hkvXp¡Ä Is−Sp¡m\pff Xnc¨nÂ \S¯Â

10. Is−Sp¯ hkvXp¡fpsS ASnØm\¯nÂ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Hcp NmÀÖv joäv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff km[yXXIsf¡pdn¨v Xocpam\¯nse¯Â ( sk£³ 173)

C³shÌntKj\v c−v {][m\ Xe§fp−v. Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf I−p]nSn¨v AdÌv sN¿pI. C³shÌntKjtâbpw C³IzbdnbpsSbpw {Sbentâbpw Bhiy¯n\mbpff hkvXp¡Ä At\zjn¨p I−p]nSn¡pI.

C³shÌntKj³ t]meokn\mÂ \S¯s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ ? IpäIrXyw \S¶mÂ At\zjWw \St¯− apJy GP³kn t]meokmWv. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ t]meokn\v C³shÌntKj³ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

F) Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn GsX¦nepsamcmfnÂ \n¶v hnhc§Ä e`nbv¡pI _n) Bcpw hnhc§Ä X¶nsÃ¦nepw Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn t]meokn\v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ kn) Hcp PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«nÂ \n¶v At\zjWw \S¯m\mbn D¯chv e`nbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ ( sk£³ 170) s]mXphmbn ]dªmÂ t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Hcp kzImcyImcyambn«mWv {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ IcpXs¸Sp¶Xv. BbmXn\mÂ A¡mcy¯n\mbn t]meokv GP³knsb D]tbmKs¸Spt¯−XnÃ. F¶mWv IW¡m¡p¶Xv. F¶ncp¶mepw A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw At\zjn¡Wsa¶v t]meoknt\mSv D¯chn«mÂ t]meokn\v AXv At\zjn¡mhp¶XmWv. FÃm t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡pw tIkv At\zjn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ. Hcp t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØt\m AsÃ¦nÂ AXnt\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ DtZymKØt\m am{Xta C³shÌntKj³ \S¯m³ sk£³ 156 {]Imcw A[nImcapffq. DbÀ¶ t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v AbmfpsS Iognepff DtZymKØs\ NpaXes¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ C§s\ At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff t]meokv DtZymKØcpsS dm¦v \nÝbn¡p¶XmWv.

t]meokns\ Adnbn¡m\pw klmbn¡m\papff ]ucsâ ISa GsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn«pff Adnhv In«nbmÂ AXv _\[s¸« A[nImcnIsf

Adnbn¡m\pff _m[yX FÃm ]uc\pap−v F¶v s]mXpth ]dbmw. CXv tIkt\zjWs¯ klmbn¡pw. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 39 Â ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv ]ucsâ NpaXebmWv. F¶ncp¶mepw \ymbamb ImcW§fps−¶v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w Hcmsf Adnbn¨nÃ F¶ _m[yXXbnÂ \n¶v Hgnhm¡p¶XmWv. F¶mÂ sk£³ 39 Â ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ A¡mcyw a\]qÀÆw Adnbn¨nÃ F¶p sXfnªmÂ B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 176 Dw 202 \pw hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nÂ sImSp¯n«pff Xmsg ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¡m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv ]ucsâ NpaXebmWv

1. cmPy¯ns\Xnscbpff Nne Ipä§Ä {]tXyIn v̈ (sk£³ 121-þ126) 2. s]mXpPohnXNne Ipä§Ä (sk£³ 121-þ126) 3. \nbahcp²ambn {]Xnêw ssI¸äpI (sk£³ 161-þ165 F) 4. `£W¯ntem acp¶ntem ambw tNÀ¡p¶ Ipäw (sk£³ 272-þ278 ) 5. acWImcWamIp¶ IpäIrXyw (sk£³ 302-þ303 ) 6. Xo{hamb Xc¯nepff tamjWw (sk£³þ 382)

7. sImff, Iq«IhÀ¨ (Decoity) (sk£³ 392-þ399 )

8. IpäIcamb hnizmkewL\w (criminal breach of trust) (sk£³þ 409)

9. Nne t{Zml§Ä (Mischief) (sk£³þ 431- ----- þ 439) 10. .`h\t`Z\w (sk£³þ 449- --- -- þ 450) 11. .`h\t`Z\w (sk£³þ 456 ---- - þ 460)

23

12. _m¦vt\m«v Id³kn F¶nhbpambn _\[s¸« IpäIrXy§Ä (sk£³þ 489 F- ----- þ 489 C) sk£³ 39 Â ]dbp¶ NpaXeIÄ¡v ]pdta Hcp hntÃPnse Xmk¡mÀ¡pw hntÃPv

HmôkÀamÀ¡pw sk£³ 40 {]Imcw taÂ ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv IqSmsX s]s«t¶m Akzm`nhIambnt«m Dff acWw, Ifhv apXÂ hm§pItbm hnÂ¡pItbm sN¿p¶ Ip{]kn²\mb BfpIÄ, , IhÀ¨ \S¯p¶hÀ, X¤pIÄ, PbnenÂ \n¶v c£s¸« XShpImc³, ]nSnIn«m¸pffn, F¶nhÀ hntÃPnÂ Ds−¶dnªm³ A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww sk£³ 40 Â ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ A¡mcyw a\]qÀÆw Adnbn¨nÃ F¶p sXfnªmÂ B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 176 Dw 202 \pw hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv. t]meokns\ klmbn¡m\pff ISa

GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv DtZymKØt\m Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ Bhiys¸Sp¶ ]£w \ymbamb klmbw AhÀ¡v sNbvXpsImSp¡phm³ {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 37 {]Imcw GsXmcp ]uc\pw _m[yXbp−v. 1. Hcp aPnkvt{S«nt\m t]meoknt\m \nba]cambn AdÌv sN¿m³ A[nImcapff HcmÄ AXn\v

hg§msX c£s¸Sm³ {ian¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ 2. kam[m\ ewL\w D−mImXncn¡mt\m XSbmt\m {ian¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ 3. sdbnÂth, I\mÂ, sSe{Km^ AsÃ¦nÂ aäv s]mXp apXepIÄ F¶nhbv¡v \miw

D−mIp¶Xv XSbp¶Xn\v klmbw Bhiys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ taÂ ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv DtZymKØt\m Bhiys¸Sp¶ ]£w \ymbamb klmbw AhÀ¡v sNbvXpsImSp¯n«nÃ F¶p sXfnªmÂ B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 187 \v hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv.

P\dÂ Ubdn F¶mse v́ ? kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ {]t^mÀa {]Imcapff Hcp ]pkvXIw FÃm t]meokv

tÌj\nepw kq£n¨ncnt¡−XmWv. Cu ]pkvXI¯n\v P\dÂ Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v t]meokn\v e`nbv¡p¶ FÃm hnhc§fpw tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff HmôkÀ Cu ]pkvXI¯nÂ tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. Cu ]pkvXIw t]meokv UbdnbnÂ \n¶v hyXyØamWv. P\dÂ Ubdn hfsc A]qÀÆamtb tImSXnbnÂ F¯mdpffq. F¶ncp¶mepw tImSXnbv¡v hnNmcWbv¡v Cu Ubdn BhiyamsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Cu Ubdn lmPcm¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv. DbÀ¶ t]meokv DtZymKØÀ X§fpsS \nb{´W¯nepff Øe§fnse t]meokv tÌj\nÂ kq£n¨n«pff P\dÂ Ubdn icnbmb hn[¯nÂ ]cn]men¨phcp¶pt−m F¶v ]cntim[nt¡−XmWv.

Ipäk½Xw (Confession) F¶mÂ F v́ ? (sk£³ 164) HcmÄ sNbvX Ipäw AbmÄ kzta[bm A[nImcs¸« PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI

Gäp]dbp¶Xn\mWv Ipäk½Xw(Confession) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. t]meokn\v ap¼msI \S¯p Ipäk½Xw sXfnhv \nba¯nse sk£³ 25 {]Imcw XnI¨pw AkzoImcyamWv. CXn\v {][m\ ImcWw t]meokns\ ]qÀ®ambn hnizkn¡m³ Ct¸mgpw kaql¯n\v Ignªn«nÃ.F¶pffXmWv. Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯m\pff A[nImcw t]meokn\v \ÂInbmÂ òjWn _e{]tbmKw apXemb {]hÀ¯nbneqsS AXv Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿s¸Sm³ km[yXbps−¶v a\Ênem¡nbmWv t]meokn\v ap¼msI \S¯p¶ Ipäk½Xw sXfnhv \nba¯nse sk£³ 25 {]Imcw XnI¨pw AkzoImcyamsW¶v ]dbp¶Xv. C³shÌntKj³ \S¯p¶ kab¯v A[nImcs¸« PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v {]tXyI \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 164 Â A\pimkn¡p¶p. IpäÊ½Xw \S¯nbXv kz´w CjvSa\pkcn¨pw, kzmX{ýambn«pw BcpsSbpw k½À²¯n\v hg§msXbpamsW¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\mWv C§s\bpff. {]tXyI \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡p¶Xv.

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 164 {]Imcw \S¯s¸Sp¶ Ipäk½Xw sXfnhv \nba{]Imcw kzoImcyamWv.

Ipäk½X¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä 1. Ipäk½Xw sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼mItbm PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msItbm

am{Xta \S¯m³ ]mSpffq. GsX¦nepw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØ\v GsX¦nepw \nba{]Imcw aPnÌocnbnÂ A[nImcw \ÂIs¸«n«ps−¦nÂ B t]meokv HmôkÀ Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯phm³ ]mSnÃ. sk£³ 164 (1)

GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m sk£³ 164 (1) {]Imcw A[nImcs¸Sp¯s¸«n«nÃm¯ aämsc¦neptam IpäÊ½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯nbmÂ AXv sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡nÃ. am{XaÃ taÂ]dª aPnkvt{S«v hm¡mÂ ]dªmepw kzoImcyaÃ.

24

2. Ipäk½Xhpw tÌävsaâpw C³shÌntKj³ \S¶psIm−ncn¡pt¼mtgm AsXsÃ¦nÂ F³IzbdnbpsStbm {Sbensâtbm ap¼v Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw tcJs¸Sp¯mw. v(sk£³ 164 (1) )

3. Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsÃ¶pw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps−¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf aPnkvt{S«v Adnbnt¡−XmWv. taÂ¸dª Imcy§Ä sNbvXn«ps−¶v aPnkvt{S«v sk£³ 164 (4) {]Imcw sat½mdm−w \ÂtI−XmWv.

4. Ipäk½X¯n\v X¿mdmb hyànsb tNmZyw sNbvXv AbmÄ kzta[bm BWv AXn\v X¿mdmbn«pffXv F¶v Dd¸m¡nb tijw am{Xta aPnkvt{S«v Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSpffq. sk£³ 164 (2)

Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶ hyàn kzta[bm BWv AXn\v X¿mdmbn«pffXv F¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\v aPnkvt{S«v Xmsg¸dbp¶ Imcy§Ä sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv.

F) Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsÃ¶pw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xs¶ sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps−¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf aPnkvt{S«v Adnbn¨Xn\v tijw AbmÄ¡v Nnń¨p Xocpam\saSp¡m\pff aXnbmb kabw \ÂtI−XmWv. t]meoknsâ kzm[o\¯nÂ \n¶v AbmfpsS a\Êv apàamtWmsb¶v aPnkvt{S«v ]cntim[nt¡−XmWv. km[mcWbmbn t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ \n¶p sIm−phcp¶ hyànsb Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn Hcp Znhkt¯s¡¦nepw PpUojyÂ IÌUnbnÂ Abbvt¡−XmWv. _n) t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ h¨v Ipäk½Xw \S¯n¡m\mbn GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff kzm[o\w hyàn¡v t\sc D−mbn«nÃ F¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\mbn km[yamb FÃm At\zjW§fpw aPnkvt{S«v sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv. hyànbpsS icoc¯nÂ GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff ASbmf§Ä ImWs¸«mÂ AtX¡pdn¨v AbmtfmSv At\zjnt¡−XmWv. kn) {]Xnsb hne§v h¨n«ps−¦nÂ AXv Agn¨pamäm³ Bhiys¸tS−Xpw {]Xnsb kzm[o\n¡m³ km[yXbps−¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶bhkc¯nÂ kzX{ámb Hcp Aćo£w D−m¡m\mbn t]meokv DtZymKØtcmSpw aäv hyànItfmSpw tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v ]pd v̄ t]mhm³ Bhiys¸tS−XpamWv. Un) Ipäk½Xw \S¯mXncn¡p¶XpsIm−v BcnÂ \ns¶¦nepw GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff ]oU\tam Fs´¦nepw Xc¯nepff k½À±tam D−mInÃm F¶v hyànsb t_m[ys¸Spt¯−XmWv. aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼nÂ Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ F¯nb hyànbv¡v Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v GXp kab¯pw Xm³ Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿msdsÃ¶v aPnkvt{S«ns\ Adnbn¡mhp¶XmWv. A§s\ sNbvXm³ Abmsf t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ Ab¡m³ ]mSpffXÃ. (sk£³ 164 (3) ) Ipäk½Xw \S¯pIbpw AXv tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXmÂ Abmsf PpUojyÂ IÌUnbnÂ am{Xta Abbv¡m³ ]mSpff. bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ hnSm³ ]mSnÃ.

C) X\ns¡Xnsc sXfnhmbn kzoIcnt¨¡mhp¶ Ipäk½X¯n\v Fń\mWv X¿mdmsbsX¶v AbmtfmSv {]tXyIw tNmZn¨ncnt¡−XmWv.

sk£³ 281 Â A\pimkn¡pw {]Imcambncn¡Ww Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Spt¯−Xv. IpähmfntbmSv tNmZn¨ Hmtcm tNmZyhpw AXn\v AbmÄ ]dª adp]Snbpw tcJbnÂ D−mbncn¡Ww. km[ysa¦nÂ Ipähmfn ]dª `mjbnÂ Xs¶bmbncn¡Ww tcJ X¿mdmt¡−Xv. AXn\v km[yasÃ¦nÂ tImSXn `mjbnÂ X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Ww. tcJ Abmsf ImWn¡pIbpw hmbn¨psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv. AbmÄ¡v Adnbm¯ `mjbnemWv dnt¡mÀUv sNbvXncn¡p¶sX¦nÂ AbmÄ¡v a\ÊnemIp¶ `mjbnÂ ]dªpsImSpt¡−XmWv. AbmÄ¡v hni±oIcn¡mt\m Iq«ntNÀ¡mt\m Dff A[oImcap−mbncn¡p¶XmWv. C§s\ X¿mdm¡nb IpäÊ½X tcJ Abmsfs¡m−v H¸nSphnt¡−XmWv. AXn\v Xmsg aPnkvt{S«v C{]Imcw FgpXn H¸n«ncnt¡−XmWv. "Cu Ipäk½Xw kza\Êmse sNbvXXmsW¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶Xmbpw C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsÃ¶pw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xs¶ sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps−¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf Adnbn¨ncp¶Xmbpw Cu Ipäk½Xw Fsâ km¶n[y¯nÂ \S¯nbXmsW¶pw AXv Abmsf hmbn¨p tIÄ¸n¨t¸mÄ AXnÂ ]dªncn¡p¶sXÃmw icnbmsW¶v AbmÄ k½Xn¨n«ps−¶pw CXnÂ AS§nbncn¡p¶Xv AbmÄ \ÂInb tÌävsaânsâ icnbmbXpw ]qÀ®ambXpamb cq]amWv."

25

Ipä k½Xw \St¯− Øes¯¡pdnt¨m kabt¯¡pdnt¨m sk£³ 164 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶nÃ. F¶ncp¶mepw Xpd¶ tImSXnbnÂ h¨v tImSXn kab¯mbncn¡Ww Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Spt¯−Xv.

tImSXnbpsS `mj Ipämtcm]nX\v AdnbnsÃ¦nepff \S]Sn (sk£³ 318) hnNmcWkba¯ tImSXnbnÂ \S¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨v Ipämtcm]nX\v a\Ênembncn¡Ww F¶XmWv km[mcW \nbaw. F¶mÂ Ipämtcm]nX\v tImSXnbpsS `mj a\ÊnembnsÃ¦nÂ tImSXnbv¡v \S]Sn{Ia§Ä XpScmw. F¶ncp¶mepw B hnNmcW {]Xnsb in£n¡p¶XnÂ Iemin¡pIbmsW¦nÂ hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn kmlNcy§Ä hnhcn¨psIm−pff Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v sslt¡mSXnbv¡v Ab¨psImSpt¡−XmWv. sslt¡mSXn AXn³taÂ DNnXamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv. C³IzÌv F¶mse v́ ? (sk£³ 174 Dw 176 ) acn¨ hyànbpsS arXtZlw ct−m AXnÂ IqSpXtem am\y³amcmb km£nIfpsS km¶n²y¯nÂ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\mbn Hcp aPnkvt{S«v ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\mWv C³IzÌv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. dnt¸mÀ«nÂ acWImcWhpw, apdnhnsâ hnhc§fpw, FÃn\v D−mbn«pff £X§fpw, icoc¯nÂ ImWp¶ aäp ]cp¡pIfpw tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡Ww. C¯cw ASbmf§Ä¡v ImcWw FXp D]IcWsIm−v GXp Xc¯nepff {]tbmKamWv \S¯nbncn¡p¶sX¶pw dnt¸mÀ«nep−mbncn¡Ww.

acW¯n\v ImcWambn«pff sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡p¶Xn\mbn \S¯nbn«pff At\zjW¯nÂ e`n¨n«pff sXfnhpIsf¡pdn v̈ C³IzÌv \S¯p¶ aPnkvt{S«v tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. A¯cw tIkpIfnÂ acn¨bmfpsS _Ôp¡sf Adnbnt¡−Xpw At\zjWkab¯v AhnsS k¶nlnXcmIphm³ Ahsc A\phZnt¡−XpamWv. (sk£³ 176 ) tIkv ]n³hen¡Â

{Ina\nÂ tIkpIfnÂ t{]mknIyqjsâ NmÀÖv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡mWv. skj³kv tIkpIfnÂ FÃmbt¸mgpw tIkv \S¯p¶Xv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv. aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIfnÂ tÌän\v th−n tIkv \S¯p¶Xv AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v tImSXnbpsS A\paXntbmsS tIkv ]n³hen¡m\pff A[nImcap−v. tIknsâ NmcÖpff ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àt¡m AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àt¡m hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶Xn\v ap³]mbn tImSXnbpsS A\paXntbmsS GsX¦nepw hyàns¡Xnscbpff t{]mknIyqj³ ]n³hen¡phm\pff A[nImcaps−¶v sk£³ 321 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. NmÀÖv sNbvXn«pff tIknemsW¦nÂ t{]mknIyq«À t{]mknIyqj³ ]n³hen¡phm\pff At]£ \ÂInbmÂ tImSXn hyànsb Ipähnapà\m¡p¶XmWv.

tIkpIÄ H¯p XoÀ¸m¡Â F¶mse v́ ? (Compounding of offence) H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§fpsSbpw BÀ¡mWv H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶Xv F¶Xpw

kw_Ôn¨ Hcp ]«nI {Inan\nÂ \S]Sn kwlnXbnÂ sImSp¯n«p−v. C³Uy³ ]o\Â tImUnse D]hIp¸v H¶nÂ sImSp¯n«pff ]«nIbnÂ Dff IpäIrXy§Ä B ]«nIbnse aq¶mw tImf¯nÂ \ÂInbn«pff hyànIfmÂ H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv F¶v {Inan\nÂ \S]Sn kwlnXbnÂ sImSp¯n«p−v. F¶mÂ C³Uy³ ]o\Â tImUnse hIp¸v 320 se D]hIp¸v 2 Â sImSp¯n«pff IpäIrXy§Ä H¯pXoÀ¸m¡Wsa¦nÂ {]kvXpX tIkv \nehnepff tImSXnbpsS A\paXn BhiyamWv.

BÀs¡XnscbmtWm IpäIrXy§Ä D−mbn«pffXv B hyàn¡v Xr]vXnIcamb Fs´¦nepw Imcy§Ä D−mbXmbn tXm¶p¶ kµÀ`§fnemWv tIkpIÄ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡p¶Xnsâ ]Ým¯ew D−mhp¶Xpw B hyàn t{]mknIyqj³ \S]SnIfnÂ \n¶v ]n³amdp¶Xpw. Hcp tIkv H¯pXoÀ¸mhpt¼mÄ AXv Ipähnapà\m¡ps¸Sp¶Xn\v XpeyamWv. sk£³ 320 Â sImSp¯n«pff ]«nIbnÂ ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä am{Xta C§s\ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡m³ IgnbpIbpffq. in£ hn[n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn GXp kab¯pw C§s\ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.

Ipä hnNmcW kab v̄ Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyànbpsS AhImi§Ä (Rights of an H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶Xpw H¯pXoÀ¸m¡m\mhm¯Xpamb IpäIrXy§Ä

{Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 320 Â sF.]n.kn.bnse hnhn[ hIp¸pIÄ {]Imcapff IpäIrXy§fpsS Hcp ]«nI \nÂInbn«p−v. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä Cu ]«nIbnÂ ]dbp¶ hyànIÄ¡v H¯pXÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä XmcXtay\ KpcpXXaÃm¯Xpw k½dn hnkvXmcw F¶mse v́ ? hniZamb \S]Sn{Ia§fnÃmsX tIkv s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m¡pI F¶ {]tXyI e£yt¯msSbpff hnkvXmcamWv k½dn hnkvXmcw. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v, sat{Sms]mfnä³ aPnkvt{S«v, sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ¡v k½dn hnkvXmcw \S¯mw. c−p sImÃ¯ne[nIw XShp in£ \ÂIs¸Smhp¶ tIkpIÄ kaadn hnkvXmc¯nÂ ]mSnÃ.

26

ImelcWw (Limitation) F¶mse v́ ? Nne Ipä§Ä \S]SnIÄs¡Sp¡p¶Xnsâ ImelcWw

1973 Â {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnÂ t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ tNÀ¯XmWv ImelcWw kw_Ôn¨pff hyhØIÄ. sk£³ 468 {]Imcw Nne Imebfhn\v tijw Nne IpäIrXy§fnÂ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv hne¡nbn«p−v. ss^³ am{Xw hn[n¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW kabw BdpamkamWv. 6 amk¯n\v tijw \S]Sn FSp¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Hcp hÀj¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW ]cn[n Hcp sImÃamWv. Hcp hÀj¯nÂ IqSpXepw F¶mÂ 3 hÀj¯nÂ IhnbmsXbpff XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW ]cn[n 3 hÀjamWv. 3 hÀj¯nÂ IqSpXÂ XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnÂ ImelccW ]cn[nbnÃ. ImelcW ]cn[n IW¡m¡p¶sX§ns\ ?

IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Xo¿Xn apXtem F¶mÂ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Xo¿Xn IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyànt¡m t]meokv HôkÀt¡m AdnbnÃmsb¦nÂ ChcnÂ Bsc¦nÂ IpäIrXyw \S¶ Imcyw Adnª Xo¿Xn apXtem Ipähmfnsb Xncn¨dnªn«nÃm¯ kmlNcy¯nÂ IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyàntbm t]meokv Hôktdm Ipähmfnsb Xncn¨dnbp¶ Xo¿Xn apXÂt¡m Bbncn¡pw ImelcW ]cn[n Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. ImelcW ]cn[n Ignªmepw tImSXnbv¡v thWsa¦nÂ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡mw sshInbXn\pff ImcWw kw_Ôn¨pff At]£ ]cntim[n¨pw kmlNcy§fpw hkvXpXbpw \ymbsa¶p tXm¶p¶ kmlNcy§fnepw tImSXnbv¡v ImelcW ]cn[n Ignªmepw \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡m\pff A[nImcap−v.

eLphmb Ipä§Ä (Petty Offences)F¶mse v́ ? sk£³ 206 (2)

1000 cq]bnÂ IqSm¯ ]ng am{Xw hn[n¡mhp¶ GXp Ipä§fpw eLphmb Ipä§Ä F¶ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶p. F¶mÂ {]Xn lmPcmImsX Ipäk½Xw \S¯mhp¶Xpw in£ hn[n¡mhp¶Xpamb 1939 se tamt«mÀ hml\ \nba {]Imctam AXpt]mepff aäv \nba§Ä {]Imctam in£mÀlamb Ipä§Ä Cu hn`mK¯nÂ s]Sp¶nÃ. eLphmb Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯nÂ aPnkvt{S«n\v sk£³ 216 \v hnt[bambn k½dn hnNmcWbneqsS tIkv XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw tIkpIfnÂ I£n t\cnt«m AsÃ¦nÂ I£n¡pth−n Hcp h¡otem \nÝnX XobXn¡v tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v Adnbn¨p sIm−v aPnkvt{S«v Hcp ka³kv I£n¡v Abbv¡p¶p. Ipäw k½Xnbv¡p¶ ]£w B hnhcw FgpXnbdnbn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ka³knÂ ]dªn«pff ]ng kwJybpw tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶p. I£n tImSXnbnÂ lmPcmIphm³ Dt±in¡p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ Cu Ipäk½X ]{Xhpw ]ng kwJybpw h¡oÂ aptJ\ I£n¡v tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 206 (1)

accused person in a criminal trial Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn¡v kzbw tIkns\ t\cnSp¶Xn\v AbmfpsS CjvSm\pkcWw GXp

\nba hnZKvZsâbpw klmbw tXSm\pff AhImiap−v. Ipämtcm]nX\v {Inan\Â tIknÂ kz´w Un^³kn\mbn km£nbmIm\pff A[nImcap−v. AbmÄs¡Xnsc sIm−ph¶n«pff sXfnhpIÄ sXämsW¶p sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\v AbmÄ¡v sXfnhpIÄ \ÂImhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 315). F¶mÂ Ipämtcm]nXs\ km£nbm¡m³ \nÀ_Ôn¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyànsb AbmÄ¡dnbmhp¶ Fs´¦nepw Imcy§Ä shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xnt\m AsÃ¦nÂ ad¨phbv¡p¶Xnt\m \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶Xn\mbn GsX¦nepw coXnbnepff kzm[o\tam òjWntbm {]tbmKn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ F¶v sk£³ 316 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Ipämtcm]nXs\ tImSXn hnkvXcn¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ X\ns¡Xnsc \nc¯nbn«pff sXfnhpIsf¡pdn v̈ X\n¡v JWvUn¡m\pff Ahkcw AbmÄ¡v e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. tIkv hnNmcW Ipämtcm]nXsâ km¶n²y¯nÂ km[mcWt]mse \St¯−XmWv. {Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw sXfnhp \ÂtI− _m[yX t{]mknIyqj\mWv.

Hcp PUvtPm aPnkvt{St«m Xm³ I£nbmbn«pfftXm X\n¡v {]tXyI XmÂ¸cyapfftXm Bb tIkv A¸oÂ tImSXnbpsS A\panXbnÃmsX hnNmcW \S¯mt\m I½näv sN¿mt\m ]mSnÃ. am{XaÃ Hcp PUvPnbpw aPnkvt{S«pw Xm³ ]mÊm¡nb GsX¦nepw hn[nbptStbm D¯chntâtbm A¸oÂ tIÄ¡m³ ]mSnÃ. F¶v sk£³ 479 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. Hcp ]_vfnIv skÀÆsâ GsX¦nepw hkvXphnsâ hnÂ¸\bpambn _Ôs¸«n«pffbmfmsWMvInÂ B hkvXphnsâ tee¯nÂ ]s¦Sp¡m³ ]mSnÃ. F¶v sk£³ 481 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Iq«p{]Xn. Accomplice Hcp IpäIrXy¯nÂ ]¦mfnbmIp¶bmsfbmWv Iq«p{]Xn F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv. km[mcWbmbn IpäIrXy¯nÂ Abmf¡v Ipdª ]t¦ D−mIq.

27

am¸vkm£n F¶mse v́ ?

tIknÂ Bhiyamb sXfnhpIÄ In«phm³ {]bmkambn hcpt¼mÄ IpäIrXy¯nÂ ]¦mfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶hÀ¡v am¸psImSp v̄ Ahsc tIknÂ km£nbmbn hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\mWv am¸v km£n F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. bYmÀ° Ipähmfnsb Is−¯p¶Xn\mbn Iq«p{]Xn¡v am¸p \ÂIp¶Xv {Inan\Â \S]Sn {Ia¯nse Hcp XXzamWv. C{]Imcw am¸p

\ÂIs¸Spt¼mÄ Abmsf approver F¶p ]dbp¶p. C{]Imcpapff BfpsS sXfnhv kzoIcn¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 306 Â ]dbp¶p. Abmsf am¸pkm£nbm¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v AbmfnÂ \n¶v tIknssâ kmlNcy§Ä kw_Ôn¨ FÃm hnhc§fpw shfns¸Spw F¶v tImSXn Dd¸mt¡−XmWv. AbmÄ IpähmfnIfpsS t]cpItfm AsÃ¦nÂ AhcpsS ASbmf§tfm shfns¸Spt¯−XmWv. am¸v \ÂInbXn\v tijw B hyànsb km£nbmbn tImSXnbnÂ hnkvXcn¡p¶XmWv. ]n¶oSv {SbÂ Ahkm\n¡p¶Xp hsc Abmsf IÌUnbnÂ hbv¡p¶XmWv. AbmÄ¡v am¸v sImSp¡p¶ Imcyw tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImc¯nÂs¸Sp¶XmWv. am¸pkm£nbm¡p¶Xn\mbn tImSXn apt¶m«ph¨n«pff \n_Ô\IÄ AbmÄ A\pkcn¨nÃmsb¦nÂ AXmbXv GsX¦nepw hkvXpXIÄ ad¨phbv¡pItbm sXämb sXfnhv \ÂIpItbm ]ckv]c hncp²ambn hnhc§Ä \ÂIpItbm sNbvXmÂ AbmÄ¡v \ÂInbn am v̧ d±m¡p¶XmWv. Cu kmlNcy§fnÂ B hyànsb aäpffhÀs¡m¸w hnNmcW sN¿p¶XÃ. am¸pkm£nbm¡m³ \nÝbn¡s¸«bmÄ hyhØIÄ ewLn¨Xmbn ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À km£ys¸Sp¯Ww. C¯cw Ahkc¯nÂ Abmsf AbmÄ DÄs¸« IpäIrXy¯n\v am{XaÃ. IffsXfnhv \ÂInbXn\pw hnNmcWsN¿p¶XmWv.

Hcp Ipä¯n\v Hcmsf c−p XhW in£n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Autrifois aquit and autrefois convict Hcp Ipä¯n\v Hcmsf c−p XhW in£n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Hcn¡Â IpäØm]\w sN¿s¸SpItbm Ipähnapà\m¡s¸SpItbm sNbvXbmsf AtX Ipä¯n\v ho−pw hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 300 Â {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. DZmlcW¯n\v F F¶bmÄ Hcp ho«nÂ tPenbnencns¡ tamjW¡pä¯n\v ]nSn¡s¸SpIbpw ]n¶oSv Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm in£n¡¸SpItbm sN¿¶p F¶ncn¡s« CtX hyànsb ]n¶oSv CtX Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. Cu sk£³ _m[IamIWsa¦nÂ 3 kmlNcy§Ä D−mIWw

1. HcmÄs¡Xnsc NmÀÖv sNbvX tIknÂ hnNmcW \S¶ncn¡Ww 2. \nba]cambn A[nImcapff Hcp tImSnbv¡v ap¼msIbmbncn¡Ww hnNmcW

\S¶n«pffXv 3. Hcp hn[ntbm AsÃ¦nÂ Ipähnapà\m¡ns¡m−pff D¯cthm D−mbncn¡Ww.

Hcp hyàn GsX¦nepw Hcp Ipä¯n\v in£n¡s¸SpIbpw XpSÀ¶v AXntâ XpSÀ¨bmbn AbmÄ atäsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw \S¯pIbpamsW¦nÂ Ipähmfnsb c−mas¯ Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv. DZmlcWambn F F¶bmsf ]cpt¡Â¸n¨ Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿pIbpw in£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]n¶oSv ]cpt¡äbmÄ B ]cp¡v aqew acWaSbp¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ F sb ho−pw IÄ¸_nÄ tlmansskUv F¶ Ipä¯n\v ho−pw hnNmcW sN¿p¶p. kam[m\ ewL\ap−mImhp¶ Ahkc¯nÂ AXv XSbp¶Xnbmbn Hcp hyàns¡Xnsc kzoIcn¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§fnÂ Cu sk£³ _m[IamhpIbnÃ. HcmÄ Hcp ho«nÂ AXn{Ian¨v Ibdn ho«pImsc B{Ian¨p B ho«ose Hcp kv{Xosb X«nsIm−pt]mhp¶p. AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff BZy hnNmcWbnÂ ITn\ambn ]cpt¡Â¸n¨Xn\pw ho«nÂ AXn{Ian¨p IbdnbXn\pw in£n¡s¸Sp¶p. XpSÀ¶v Htc kab¯v \S¯nbXmsW¶ncn¡nepw X«ns¡m−pt]mIÂ F¶ IpäIrXy¯n\v BZys¯ in£ Hcp XSÊamIp¶nÃ. ChnsS c−mas¯ hnNmcW hyXyØamb Hcp IpäIrXys¯ ap³\ndp¯nbpffXmsW¦nepw Cu \nbaw _m[Iamhp¶nÃ. tImÀ«v amÀjÂ F¶mse v́ ? 1950 se BÀan BIvSv A\pkcnt¨m 1957 se t\hn/FbÀt^mgvkv BIvSv A\pkcnt¨m AXpt]mepff aäv \nba§Ä A\pkcntÑm tPmen sN¿p¶ HcmÄ IpäIrXyw sNbvXmÂ Abmsf tImÀ«v amÀjyÂ hnNmcWsN¿p¶p. aPnkvt{S«v C¯cn¯nepff Ipähmfnsb tImÀ«v amÀjyensâ IÌUnbntebv¡v Ipähmfnsb ssIamdp¶p. CXn\v Hcp tcJmaqeapff At]£ BhiyamWv. PbnenÂ ]mÀ¸n¨n«pff Ipähmfnsb tImÀ«vamÀjnsâ ap¼nÂ lmPcm¡m³ sslt¡mSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v. sk£³ 475

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{Inan\Â tIkpIÄ Hcp tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäpt¼mgpff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? (Transfer of Criminal Cases ) section 408 to 412) {Inan\Â tIkpIÄ Hcp tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff hyhØ {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnÂ D−v. C¯c¯nÂ tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xnsâ ]n¶nepff Dt±iyw \oXn Dd¸phcp¯pI F¶pffXmWv. DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp tImSXn hnhn[ Ipä§f¡mbn Hcmsf 5 XhW in£ns¨¶ncn¡s«. AbmÄ BdmaXpw GsX¦nepw tIknÂs¸« AtX tImSXnbpsS ap¶nÂ lmPcm¡s¸SpIbmsW¦nÂ kzm`mhnIambpw PUvPn\v Abmsf¡pdn v̈ Hcp ap³hn[nbp−mhm³ km[yXbp−v. C¯c¯nepff Hcp kmlNcyw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\v tIkpIÄ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\v klmbn¡pw. C{]Imcw tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\pff A[nImcw kp{]ow tImSXn, sslt¡mSXn, skj³ tImSXn F¶nhbv¡p−v. \oXn e`nbv¡m\nSbnÃm F¶v GsX¦nepw Hcp I£nbv¡v A`n{]mbapff ]£w \oXn \S¶mÂ am{Xw t]mc AXv \S¶Xmbn ImWpIbpw thWw F¶ XXzw {]mhÀ¯nIamhp¶Xv C{]Imcapff L«§fnemWv. F¶mÂ shdpsamcpw Btcm]Ww am{Xw C{]Imcw tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\v ImcWamhpIbnÃ. kmlNcy§Ä \ymbhpw hnizk\obhpambncn¡Ww. tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\v kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡pff A[nImcw (sk. 406) kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v Hcp tItkm A¸otem Hcp tImSXnbnÂ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\v A[nImcap−v. AXpt]mse Hcp sslt¡mSXnbnÂ \n¶v C³Uybnse asämcp ssltImSXnbntebv¡v A¸oepw amäm³ kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcw D−v. cmP³ tIknÂ t]meokv HmôkÀamÀs¡Xnscbpff tIknÂ cmjv{Sob kzm[o\hpw aäp kmlNcy§fpw tIknsâ \oXn]qÀÆamb \S]SnIÄ¡v XSÊw krjvSnt¨¡msa¶v ]cmXn¡mc³ kp{]ow tImSXnbnÂ ]cmXn \nÂInbnXn\mÂ tIkv tImgnt¡ms« skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v tImb¼¯qÀ skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v amänbXv CXn\v DZmlcWamWv. C¯cw tIkpIÄ AtämÀWn P\dentâtbm XÂ¸c I£nIfptStbm. At]£bnÂ am{Xw \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡−XmsW¦nepw A§s\bÃm¯ ]£w CXn\mbn e`nbv¡p¶ GsXmcp At]£bpw kXyhm§aqewklnXw kaÀ¸nt¡−XmWv. C{]Imcw {Sm³kv^À At]£ kaÀ¸n¨Xv \nÊmcamb Imcy§Ät¡m ieyap−m¡p¶XXn\pth−ntbm BsW¶v t_m[ys¸«mÂ At]£ FXnÀ¯ I£n¡v Bbncw cq]bnÂ Ihnbm¯ XpI \jvS]cnlmcambn \ÂIm³ At]£It\mSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. tIkpIfpw A¸oepIfpw Hcp tImSXnbnÂ \n¶ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäm³ sslt¡mSXbv¡pff A[oImcw Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ sslt¡mSXnbv¡v tIkpIfpw A¸oepIfpw Hcp tImSXnbnÂ \n¶ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäm³ \nÀt±iw \ÂImw.

1. amänbnsÃ¦nÂ \njv]£ambXpw \oXnbpàambpXpamb At\zjWw tIknÂ D−mIpIbnÃ F¶pffnS¯v

2. tIknÂ hnjaapff GsX¦nepw \nba{]iv\w DSseSp¡m³ CSbps−¶pff IcpXpt¼mÄ 3. Cu \nba¯nepff I£nIÄt¡m km£nIÄt¡m kmam\yambn kuIcy§Ä

D−m¡p¶XmsW¶pw sXfnhv \ÂIp¶Xn\v t]meokv tÌj\nÂ lmPcmIÂ tIk\zjWw \S¯p¶ GsX¦nepw t]meokv DtZymKØ\v Bhiysa¦nÂ HcmtfmSv Xsâ ap¼msI lmPcmIm³ tcJmaqeapff D¯chv aqew Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 160(1)) C{]Imcv Bhiys¸«mÂ AX\pkcnbv¡phm³ ]uc\v _m[yXbp−v. F¶mÂ GsX¦nepw kv{Xotbtbm 15 hbÊn\v Xmsgbpff cBIp«ntbtbm AhÀ Xmakn¡p¶ Øe¯ÃmsX atäsX¦nepw Øe v̄ tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sm³ th−n lmPcmIphm³ Bhiys¸Sm³ ]mSnsÃ¶v \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶p. Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn am\knItcmKnbmIpt¼mÄ kzoIcnt¡− hyhØIÄ Fs´ÃmamWv ? sk£³ (328þ329) {]Xn am\knI tcmKnbmsW¦nÂ kzoIcnt¡− \S]SnIsf Ipdn¨v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse 25þmw A²ymb¯nÂ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. GsX¦nepw hyàns¡Xnsc Ipä hnNmcWtbm At\zjW hnNmcWtbm \S¯p¶bhkc¯nÂ A¯cw hyàn am\knItcmKnbmsW¶v a\Ênem¡pIbpw AbmÄ¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ IgnbpIbnÃ F¶pw a\Ênem¡pt¼mÄ aPnkvt{S«v Ipämtcm]nXsâ tcmKmhØsb¡pdn v̈ At\zjn¨dnbp¶Xn\mbn B PnÃbnse knhnÂ kÀÖs\s¡mt−m AsÃ¦nÂ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ atäsX¦nepw saUn¡Â {]mIvSoj\sdt¡mt−m Ipämtcm]nXs\ ]cntim[n¸nt¡−Xpw XpSÀ¶v Abmsf ]cntim[n¨ saUn¡Â {]mIvSojWsd km£nbmbn hnkvXcnt¡−Xpw B hnkvXmcw dn¡mÀUmt¡−XpamWv. tIknsâ \S]SnI{Ia§Ä amänhbvt¡−XpamWv. am\knItcmKnbmb {]Xnsb tamNn¸n¡Â (sk£³ 330) Ipämtcm]nX³ am\knI tcmKnbmsW¶v sXfnªmÂ aPnkvt{S«n\v AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂImhp¶Xpw AsÃ¦ne Abmsf kwc£n¨psImffmsa¶pw AbmÄt¡m AbmÄ¡mcWw

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aäpffhÀt¡m bmsXmcp _p²nap«pw D−mImsX t\m¡ns¡mffmsa¶pw tImSXn Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ Abmsf lmPcm¡ns¡mffmsa¶papff hyhØbn³taÂ BÀs¡¦nepw Abmsf CuSv \ÂIn GsäSp¡mhp¶XpamWv. AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂIm\mh¯ tIkmWv AbmÄs¡Xnsc cPnÌÀ sNbvXn«pffsX¦ntem Abmsf Pmay¯nseSp¡phm³ Bcpw X¿mdmhp¶nsÃ¦ntem {]Xnsb tImSXnbv¡v bpàambsX¶p tXm¶p coXnbnÂ IÌUbnÂ hbv¡m³ D¯chnSmhp¶Xpw C{]Imcw kzoIcn¨ \S]Sn kw_Ôn v̈ kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂtI−XpamWv. {]Xnsb {`m´meb¯nÂ XS¦enÂ hbv¡m\mbn Abbv¡pIbmsW¦nÂ AXv C³Uy³ {`m´v BIvSv 1912 \v hnt[bambn«mbncn¡Ww. hnNmcW ]p\cmcw`n¡Â (sk£³ 331) {]Xnbv¡v am\knItcmKw CÃmXmbXn\p tijw aPnkvt{S«nt\m tImSXnbvt¡m hnNmcW GXp kab¯pw Bcw`n¡mhp¶XmWv. CXn\mbn {]Xntb tImSXnbpsS ap¼msI lmPcmIphmt\m sIm−phmcs¸Smt\m \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw tImSXntbm CXn\mbn \nba¨n BfpsS ap¼msI {]Xn lmPcmhpItbm lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ {]Xn¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ Ignhps−¶v B DtZymKØ³ \ÂIp¶ kÀ«n^nt¡äv sXfnhmbn FSp¡p¶XmWv. {]Xnsb C{]Imcw lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm lmPcmhpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ Ignhps−¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[yamIpt¼mÄ hnNmcW XpScmhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 332) F¶mÂ {]Xnbv¡v At¸mgpw am\knI tcmKas−¶v IcpXp¶ ]£w {]Xnsb sk£³ 328, 329 hIp¸pIfnse hyhØIÄ¡v A\pkcn¨pff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä \St¯−XmWv. {]Xn am\knImtcmKyapffbmfmsW¶v t_m[ys¸«mÂ AbmÄsIXnsc hnNmcW \St¯−Xpw {]Xn amknImtcmKyapff kba¯v sNbvXXmbncp¶psh¦nÂ in£n¡s¸Spambncp¶ IrXyw sNbvXXmbpw sXfnhv lmPcm¡s¸SpIbpw F¶mÂ B IrXyw \S¯p¶ kab v̄ AbmÄ Xm³ sN¿p¶Xv IpäamsW¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbm¯ Hcp AhØbnembncp¶psh¶v sXfnbpIbpw sNbXm³ aPnkvt{S«v hnNmcW XpStc−Xpw skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ hnNmcW sNt¿− tIkmsW¦nÂ {]Xntb skj³kv tImSXbntebv¡v I½näv sNt¿−XpamWv. (sk£³ 333) Ipäw BWv sN¿p¶sX¶v a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbmXncp¶ Hcp AhØbnÂ IpäIrXyw sN¿pt¼mÄ am\knItcmKnbmsW¶ ImcW¯mÂ Abmsf Ipähnapà\m¡pt¼mÄ, AbmÄ IpäIrXyw sNbvXpthm CÃtbm F¶v hyàam¡nbncnt¡−XmWv. (sk£³ 334) AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn sXfnªmÂ Abmsf aPnkvt{S«nt\m tImSXnbvt¡m bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶ Øe¯v XS¦enÂ kq£n¡m³ D¯chmIpItbm AsÃ¦nÂ Abmsf AbmfpsS kplr¯ns\tbm _Ôhnt\tbm FÂ¸nt¡−XmWv. tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pw A{]Imcw sN¿mXncn¡Â Hcp {Inan\Â tImSXnbpsS ap¼msI tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ hnfn¡s¸« GsX¦nepw km£ntbm atäm AbmtfmSv tNmZn¡p¶ tNmZy§Ä¡v D¯cw \ÂImt\m AbmfpsS ssIhi¯nepfftXm A[nImc¯nepfftXm tImSXn AbmtfmSv lmPcm¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pfftXm GsX¦nepw tcJtbm hkvXp¡tfm lmPcm¡m³ hnÊ½Xn¡pIbpw A§s\bpff hnÊ½X¯n\v \ymbpàamb hni±oIcWw \ÂIm³ AbmÄ¡v Ahkcw \ÂInbn«pw A{]Imcw sN¿mXncn¡p¶psh¦nÂ Abmsf Ggp Znhk¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡v XShv in£b¡v hn[n¡p¶XmWv. sk£³ 349 km£n ka³kv A\pkcn v̈ lmPcmIm¯Xn\v in£n¡m\pff A[oImcw Hcp {Inan\Â tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIp¶Xn\v ka³kv e`n¨n«pff km£n \nÝnX kab¯v lmPcmImXnc#n¡pIbpw AXn\v \oXnbpàamb hni±oIcWw \ÂImXncn¡pIbpw sNbvbpItbm AsÃ¦nÂ AbmÄ lmPcmtI− Øe v̄ \n¶v AbmÄ \nbam\pkrXw t]mtI− kab¯n\v ap¼v hn«pt]mhpItbm sNbvXmÂ tImSXnbv¡v AbmÄs¡Xnsc \S]Sn FSp¡mhp¶Xpw AbmÄ¡v t\m«okv \ÂInbXn\ptijw 100 cq]bnÂ Ihnbm¯ in£ hn[n¡pIbpw sN¿mXhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 350 C¯cw kw`hMvMfnÂ sslt¡mXnsbmgnsIbpff GXp tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡phm³ A[nImcap−mbncn¡pw. hymPamb sXfnhv \ÂIp¶Xn\pff hnNmcWbv¡pff k½dn \S]Sn{Iaw (sk£³ 340) skj³kv tImSXn ap¼msIbpff hnNmcW sk£³ 225 skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ am{Xw hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶ tIkmsW¦nepw skj³kv tImSXn t\cn«v tIkv hnNmcWbvs¡Sp¡nÃ. A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v BZyw B tIkv FSp¯Xn\v tijw AXv skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v I½näp sN¿p¶p. F¶mÂ CXn\v Hcp A]hmZapffXv D¶X hyànIsftbm ]_vfnIv skÀÆânt\tbm A]IoÀ¯ns¸Sp¯nbXp kw_Ôn¨pff tIkv Nne kmlNcy§fnÂ skj³kv tImSXn t\cn«v hnNmcWbv¡v FSp¡p¶XmWv. C¯cw tIkpIÄ sk£³ 237 A\pkcn v̈ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn km[mcWbmbn hmdâv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xpt]mse skj³kv tImSXnbpw Cu tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶XmXWv.

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skj³kv tImSXnbpsS ap¼msIbpff FÃm hnNmcWbpw ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv t{]mknIymj³ \St¯−X. (sk£³ 225) {]Xnbv¡v Hcp h¡oens\ hbv¡m³ AhImiap−v. {]Xnbv¡v AXn\pff km¼¯nI tijn CÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ kÀ¡mÀ NnehnÂ Hcp h¡oens\ hbv¡m³ tImSXn \nÀt±in¡p¶XmWv. tIkv I½näv sNbvX aPnkvt{S«v t]meokv dnt¡mÀUv sNbvXv tÌävsaâv, F^v.sF.Bdnsâ ]IÀ¸v, XpS§nb sdt¡mÀUpIÄ {]Xnbv¡v \ÂInbn«p−v F¶v tIkv XpS§p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn«v skj³kv tImSXn Dd¸phcp¯p¶XmWv. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ CXns\¡pdn¨v {]tXyIn¨p ]dbp¶nsÃ¦nepw skj³kv tImSXn km[mcWbmbn C{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. tIkv Bcw`nbv¡Â (209) {]Xn tImSnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmhpItbm lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm sNbmXmÂ t{]mknIyq«À AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff NmÀÖv hnhcn¡pIbpw AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXn«p−v F¶v sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\mbn AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xm³ lmPcm¡m³ Dt±in¡p¶ sXfnhns\¡pdn¨v Npcp¡¯nÂ hnhcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. (sk£³ 226) tIkv UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿Â tIkv kw_Ôn¨ tcJIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw I£nIÄ¡v ]dbm\pffXv tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿Xn\ptijw {]XnsI¡Xnsc tIkv XpScp¶Xn\v aXnbmb kmlNcy§Ä CÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ tImSXn Abmsf UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿pIbpw B Imcy§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. (sk£³ 227) NmÀPPv X¿mdm¡Â tIkv kw_Ôn¨ tcJIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw I£nIÄ¡v ]dbm\pffXv tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿Xn\ptijw {]XnsI¡Xnsc tIkv XpScp¶Xn\v aXnbmb kmlNcy§Ä D−v F¶pw . Cu tIkv skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ hnNmcW sNt¿−XsÃ¶v F¶pw tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ tImSXn {]Xns¡Xnsc NmÀÖv X¿mdm¡pIbpw tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\mbn No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbntebv¡ Abbv¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v XpSÀ¶v t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³taÂ DSseSp¯n«pff hmdâv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶ {]Imcw Cu tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶p. F¶mÂ Cu tIkv skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ hnNmcW sNt¿−XmsW¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ tImSXn Ipämtcm]nXs\Xnsc NmÀÖv FgpXnbp−m¡p¶p. (sk£³ 228(1) ) NmÀÖv {]Xnsb hmbn¨p tIÄ¸n¡pIbpw AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn k½Xn¡p¶pt−m AtXm hnNmcW sN¿Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp¶pt−m F¶v tImSXn AbmtfmSv At\zjn¡p¶p. A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨mÂ in£n¡Â tImSXn {]XntbmSv C{]Imcw tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ {]Xn Xm³ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn k½Xn¨mÂ tImSXn B Imcyw dnt¡mÀUv sN¿pIbpw ]n¶oSv tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨v {]Xnsb in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. (sk£³ 229) t{]mknIyqj³ sXfnhn\pff Xo¿Xn Ipähmfn Ipäw \ntj[n¡pIbpw hnNmcW Bhiys¸SpIbpw sNbvXmÂ tImSXn km£nsb hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\mbn Xo¿Xn \nÝbn¡p¶p. t{]mknIyqj³ Bhiys¸«mÂ km£nsb lmPcm¡p¶Xnt\m GsX¦nepw tcJIÄ lmPcm¡p¶Xnt\m Bhiyamb \S]SnIÄ tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶p. (sk£³ 230) t{]mknIyj³ `mKw sXfnhv (sk£³ 231 (1)) sXfnhv lmPcm¡p¶Xn\mbn \nÝbn¡s¸« Xo¿XnbnÂ tImSXn IqSpt¼mÄ t{]mknIyqj³ sXfnhn\mbn lmPcm¡nbn«pff FÃm sXfnhpIfpw tImSXn ]cntim[nt¡−XmWv. GsX¦nepw km£nsb hnkvXcn¡p¶Xp hsc atäX¦nepw km£nbpsS FXnÀ hnkvXmcw amänhbv¡mt\m GsX¦nepw km£nsb t{Imkv hnkvXmc¯n\mbn ho−pw hnfn¡phmt\m tImSXnbv¡v hnthN\m[oImc{]Imcw A\phZn¡mhp¶XmWv. t{]mknIyqj\v Xsâ `mKw sXfnbn¡¶Xn\mbn FÃm tcJIfpw ]cntim[n¡mhp¶Xpw FÃm km£nIsfbpw hnkvXcn¡mhp¶Xpw. F¶mÂ [mcmfw km£nIÄ lmPcmbncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ Chcntemtcmcp¯scbpw {]XyIw hnkvXcn¡phm\pff _m[yX t{]mknIyqj\nÃ. tImSXnbv¡v GXv tÌPnepw km£nIsf Xncn¨v hnfn¨v hnfnbv¡mhp¶XmWv. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À km£nIsf ho−pw hnfn¡phm³ Bhiys¸Sp¶nÃmsb¦nÂ AhcpsS km¶n[yw \nÀ_Ôambn Dd¸mt¡− _m[yX tImSXnbv¡nÃ. sXfnhv tcJs¸Sp¯Â (sk£³ 276 (1)) km£n hnkvXmcw \S¡pt¼mÄ PUvPv kzbamtbm AsÃ¦nÂ tImSXn \nÀt±in¡p¶bmtfm AbmfpsS sXfnhv tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. C¯cw sXfnhv km[mcWbmbn hnhcWmßIambn hn[¯nembncn¡Ww tcJs¸Spt¯−XWv. F¶ncp¶mepw GsX¦nepw `mKw tNmtZym¯c coXnbnÂ thWsa¶v tImSXnbv¡v tXm¶p¶ ]£w A{]Imcw tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 276 (2) . km£n ]dbp¶Xv tImSXnbpsS `mjbnemsW¦nÂ AtX `mjbnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶Xpw. asämcp

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`mjbnemWv km£n ]dbp¶sX¦nÂ B `mjbnÂ tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. F¶mÂ AXv {]mtbmKnIasÃ¦nÂ tImSXn `mjbntebv¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sNt¿−XmWv. XpSÀ¶ PUvPv AXnÂ H¸ntS−XmWv. F¶mÂ CwKvfojnemWv km£n sXfnhv FSp¡p¶sX¦nÂ tImSXn `mjbntebv¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sN¿Wsa¶v Bcpw Bhiys¸SmXncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦nÂ tImSXnb¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sNt¿−XnÃ. sk£³ 277 FÃm km£nIfnÂ \n¶pw sXfnshSp v̄ IgnªmÂ {]XnbpsS km¶n[y¯nÂ AXv AbmÄt¡m AbmÄ h¡oÂ apJmńcamWv lmPcmIp¶sX¦nÂ h¡oent\m hmbn¨ptIÄ¸nt¡−XmWv. Xncp¯Â hcp¯Wsa¦nÂ AXv \S¯mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 278 (1) km£n¡v sXfnhv hmbn¨psImSp¡pt¼mÄ AbmÄ AXnsâ GsX¦nepw `mKw Xncp¯m³ km£n hnÊ½Xn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ AXv Xncp¯p¶Xn\v ]Icw PUvPn¡v AXn³taÂ km£n D¶bn¡p¶ Bt£]¯nsâ CXv kw_Ôn¨ Hcp sat½mdmWvUw Ipdn¡mhp¶Xpw Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶]£w AtXmsSm¸w dnamÀ¡pIÄ tNÀ¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 278 (2) sXfnhv dn¡mÀUm¡p¶Xv AXv Dff `mjbnÂ \n¶v hyXykvXamb Hcp `mjbnembcn¡pIbpw km£n¡v B `mj a\ÊnemhmXncn¡nIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦nÂ B dn¡mÀUv AXv \ÂIs¸« `mjbnt#m AbmÄ¡v a\Ênemhp¶ Hcp `mjbntem AbmÄ¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXpsImSpt¡−XmWv. sk£³ 278 (3) C{]Imcw FSp¡p¶ sXfnhv A²y£X hln¡p¶ PUvPn H¸ntS−Xpw AXv dn¡mÀUnsâ `mKambn Xocp¶XpamWv. sk£³ 276 (3) km£nbpsS sXfnhv FSp¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ km£n Fs´¦nepw `mhtNjvSIÄ {]ISn¸n¡p¶psh¦nÂ PUvPn\v AXv dn¡mÀUm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 270. C{]Imcw sN¿p¶Xv {SbÂ tImSXn hnNmcW \S¯nbXnsâ aqeyw hnebncp¯p¶Xn\v A¸oÂ tImSXnb¡v Inbp¶XmWv. hmZw : hm¡mepw tcJmaqehpw sXfnhv FSp¯p IgnªmÂ GsX¦nepw I£n¡v kw£n]vXamb hm¡mÂ hnhmZw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw hnhmZw Npcp¡¯nepffXsÃt¶m {]kàasÃt¶m tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w tImSXnbv¡v AXv \nb{ń¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 314 (1) & (2) hm¡mepff hmZ¯n\v X¿mdmhp¶ I£n Xsâ tIkn\v ]n³_eamtb¡psa¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶ hmZ¯nsâ Npcp¡hpw AXnse hnhn[ Xes¡«pIfpw AS§nb Hcp sat½mdmWvUw tImSXnbv¡v kaÀ¸nt¡−Xpw B sat½mdmWvUw dn¡mÀUmbn amdp¶XpamWv. B sat½mdmWvU¯nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v FXnÀ I£n¡v \ÂIp¶XpamWv. enJnXamb hmZw dn¡mÀUm¡p¶Xv BhiyasÃ¶v tImSXn IcpXp¶nÃmsb¦nÂ AXv ^bÂ sN¿p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIÄ \o«nshbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ. sk£³ 314 (3) {]Xnsb hnkvXcn¡m\pff A[nImcw hnNmcW \S¡pt¼mÄ {]Xn¡v sXfnhpIÄ X\n¡v FXncmbn hcp¶ ]cnXØnXIÄ t\cn«v hni±oIcn¡phm³ Ignbp¶Xn\pth−n {]Xn¡v ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂImsX tImSXnbv¡v tImSXnbv¡v Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶ tNmZy§Ä GsX¦nepw L«§fnÂ {]XntbmSv tNmZn¡mhp¶XmWv. t{]mknIyqj³ km£nIsf hnkvXcn¨Xn\v tijw {]Xn hmZw Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn tImSXnbv¡v AbmtfmSv tIkv kw_Ôn¨v kmam\yambn tNmZyw sN¿mhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw hnkvXcn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ {]Xnsbs¡m−v i]Yw sN¿n¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.. C§s\bpff tNmZy§Ä¡v {]Xn hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm, sXämb adp]Sn \ÂIpItbm sNbvXmÂ {]Xn in£mÀl\mIp¶nÃ. hnNmcW kab v̄ {]Xn \ÂIp¶ adp]SnIÄ ]cnKW\bnÂ FSp¡mhp¶Xpw AXv AbmÄ¡v A\pIqeamtbm {]XnIqeamtbm FSp¡mhp¶XpamWv. GsX¦nepw km£n¡v ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v hnNmcWbpsS Bhiy§Ä¡mbn jmPcm¡p¶XnÂ km£n¡v t\cnSp¶ kymbamb sNehpIÄ tImSXnbnÂ sI«nhbv¡m³ Bhiys¸«psIm−pff D¯chv aPnkvt{S«n\v ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmIp¶p. t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³taeÃmsX hmd−v tIknepw taÂ¸dª \S]Sn{Iaw Xs¶bmWv kzoIcnt¡−Xv hnNmcWbv¡v tijw {]Xnsb Ipähnapàam¡Â sk£³ 232 t{]mknIyqj\p th−n sXfnshSp¯Xn\v tijhpw {]Xnsb hnkvXcn¨Xptijhpw tImXSn I£nIsf tIÄ¡p¶p. AXn\v tijw {]Xn Ipäw sNbvXXn\v sXfnhnÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ tImSXn {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡ns¡m−pff D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p. {]XnhmZw sk£³ 233 (1) {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«n«nÃmsb¦nÂ AbmtfmSv {]XnhmZ¯w \S¯m\pw AXn\v Xm§mbn AbmÄ¡v \ÂIm\pff sXfnhv \ÂIm\pw Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. {]Xn tcJmaqew Fs´¦nepw tÌävsaâv \ÂIp¶psh¦nÂ PUvPv AXv dn¡mÀUnt\msSm¸w ^bÂ sN¿Ww. GsX¦nepw km£sb lmPcmIm³ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶tXm GsX¦nepw tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶tXm Bb GsX¦nepw t{]mkÊv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ {]Xn At]£n¡p¶psh¦nÂ , A§s\ At]£ sImSp¡p¶Xv tIknÂ ImeXmaktam _p²nap«pItfm D−m¡m\Ã F¶p PUvPn¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶psh¦nÂ A{]Imcw t{]mkÊv ]pds¸Sphn¡m\hp¶XmWv.

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hmZw (Arguments) {]Xn`mKw km£nIfps−¦nÂ AhcpsS hnkvXmcw ]qÀ¯nbmIpt¼mÄ t{]mknIyq«À Xsâ tIkv D]kwlcnt¡−Xpw {]Xnt¡m AbmfpsS h¡oent\m adp]Sn ]dbm³ AhImiap−mbncn¡p¶XpWv. Ipähnapà\m¡p¶tXm Ipä¡mc\m¡pItbm sN¿p¶ \S]Sn hmZhpw \nba{]iv\§fnÂ Fs´¦nepw ]dbm\pff tIÄ¡pIbpw sNbvXXn\ptijw PUvPn tIknÂ hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶p. sk£³ 235 {]Xn \nc]cm[nbmsW¶v ImWp¶psh¦nÂ aPnkvt{S«v {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡nsIm−pff D¯chv tcJ]s]Sp¯p¶p. {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v ImWp¶ ]£w At±lw in£mhn[nbpsS {]iv\¯nÂ taÂ {]Xn¡p ]dbm\pffXv tI«tijw \nbam\pkrXamb in£ hn[n¡p¶p. ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW \S¯s¸Sp¶sX§ns\ ? ka³kv tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkpIfmWv. AXpsIm−v hmd−v tIkpIfptSXpt]msebpff ZoÀLamb hnNmcW ka³kv tIkpIfnÂ CÃ. Hcp ka³kv tIknÂ {]Xnsb aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶nÂ lmcm¡pItbm {]Xn lmPcmhpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ F v́ IpäamWv AbmÄs¡Xnsc Npa¯nbn«pffsX¶pw B Ipä¯nsâ hnhc§Ä AbmÄ¡v ]dªpsImSp¡pIbpw AbmÄ A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¡p¶pt−m AsÃ¦nÂ AbmÄ¡v hÃ {]XnhmZhpw sN¿m\pt−m F¶v AbmtfmSv tNmZn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv. F¶mÂ AbmÄs¡Xnsc Hu]NmcnIamb NmÀÖv X¿mdmt¡−XnÃm¯XpamWv. sk£³ 251 A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨mÂ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn {]Jym]n¡Â Xm³ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn {]Xn k½Xn¨mÂ aPnkvt{S«v B k½Xw AbmÄ D]tbmKn¨ hm¡pIfpsS Ignbp¶{X ASp¯p hcp¶ hm¡pIfnÂ dn¡mÀUmt¡−Xpw, AXv {]Xnsb hmbn¨ptIÄ¸nt¡−XpamWv. aPnkvt{S«n\v kz´w hnthIw D]tbmKn¨v Abmsf Ipäw sNbvXbmfmbn {]Jym]n¡mhp¶XpamWv. sNdpXcw tIkpIfnÂ {]XnbpsS Akm¶n²y¯nÂ A]cm[nbmsW¶v kaaXn¡p¶Xn¡p¶Xn³taepff IpäØm]\w sk£³ 206 {]Imcw ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¨ncn¡pIbpw {]Xn aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI lmPcmImsX NmÀPn\v A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¡phm³ B{Kln¡pIbpw AbmÄ Xsâ k½Xw AS§nb I¯pw ka³knÂ \nÀt±in¨{]Imcapff ]ngbpsS XpIbpw aPnkvt{S«n\v t]mÌphgntbm BÄhgntbm Ab¨psImSpt¡−XpamWv. sk£³ 253 k½dn hnNmcW F¶mse v́ ? Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ aPnkvt{S«pamÀ¡v k½dntIkpIÄ hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\v A[nImcap−v. (sk£³ 260(1))

1. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v 2. FXv sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«n\pw 3. sslt¡mSXn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nb FXp H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«n\pw 4. ]ng in£ am{Xtam Bdpamk¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡pff XShv in£tbm \ÂIn

in£n¡mhp¶ GsX¦nepw Ipähpw A§s\bpff GsX¦nepw Ipä¯n\pff t{]cWbpw Ipäw sN¿m\pff GsX¦nepw {iahpw Dff tIknÂ c−mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«n\v k½dn hnNmcW \S¯m\pff A[nImcw sslt¡mSXnbv¡v \ÂImhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 261)

taÂ¸dª {]Imcw A[nImcw e`n¨n«nÃm¯ aPnkv{S«v GsX¦nepw Ipä§Ä¡v k½dn hnNmcW \S¯nbmÂ B hnNmcW Akm[phmIp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 461(Fw) k½dnbmbn hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶ tIkpIÄ (sk£³ 260(2) ) 1. acW in£tbm, Poh]cy´w XSthm, c−p hÀj¯nÂ IqSpXÂ XSthm in£ e`n¡mhp¶

tIkpIÄ Hgn¨pff aäp tIkpIÄ 2. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 379, 380, 381 F¶nhbpsS IognÂ hcp¶Xpw

tamjvSn¡s¸« hkvXphnsâ aqeyw c−mbncw cq]bnÂ IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb tIkpIÄ 3. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 411 \v IognÂ hcp¶Xpw aqeyw c−mbncw cq]bnÂ

IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb Ifhp apXÂ hm§pItbm h¨psIm−ncn¡pItbm kw_Ôn¨ tIkpIÄ

4. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 414 \v IognÂ hcp¶Xpw aqeyw c−mbncw cq]bnÂ IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb Ifhp apXÂ Hfn¸n¨phbv¡pItbm AXv hnÂ¡p¶Xn\pff klmbw \ÂIpItbm sNbvXXp kw_Ôn¨ tIkpIÄ

5. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 454, 456 F¶nhbv¡v IognÂ hcp¶Xpw 6. C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 504 \v IognÂ hcp¶Xpw kam[m\w ewLn¡p¶Xn\v

{]tIm]\w \ÂIWsa¶ Dt±ln¨psIm−pff A]am\n¡epw C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 506 \v IognÂ hcp¶ IpäIcamb `bs¸Sp¯epw kw_Ôn¨pff tIkpIÄ

7. taÂ¸dª GsX¦nepw Ipä¯n\v t{]cn¸n¡Â

33

8. ap³]dª GsX¦nepw Ipäw sN¿m\pff {iaw IpäIcamhpt¼mÄ A§s\bpff {iaw

(Attempt) 9. GXp IrXyw kw_Ôn¨mtWm I¶pImen AXn{Ia BIväv 1871 se sk£³ 21 {]Imcw ]cmXn

sImSp¡mhp¶Xv, A§s\bpff IXr¯mÂ Ipäam¡s¸Sp¶ GsX¦nepw Ipäw. \S]Sn{Ia§Ä Hcp ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\v km[mcWbmbn kznIcn¡#p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§f\pkcn¨mWv k½dntIkpIfpw hnNmcW sNt¿−Xv. (sk£³ 262(1) k½dn hnNmcW km[mcW hnNmcWbmbn amdp¶ kµÀ`w GXmWv ? k½dn hnNmcWbv¡nSbnÂ k½dnbmbn hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xv A`nejWobaÃm¯ hn[apffXmWv tIknsâ kz`mhsa¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v tXm¶p¶psh¦nÂ At±lw GsX¦nepw km£nIsf hnkvXcn¡s¸«n«ps−¦nÂ Ahsc XncnsI hnfn¡pIbpw, Cu \nbakwlnX hyhØ sN¿p¶ coXnbnÂ tIkv ho−pw tIÄ¡phm³ \S]Sn XpScpIbpw sNt¿−XmIp¶p. in£ k½dn hnNmW \S¯n GsX¦nepw {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v Is−¯nbmÂ aq¶p aqk¯nÂ IqSpXÂ hcmhp¶ Hcp in£bpw Ipä¡mcs\Xnsc hn[n¡phm³ ]mSnÃ. (sk£³ 262(2)

k½dn hnNmcWIfpsS dn¡mÀUv k½dn hnNmcW sN¿p¶ FÃm tIknepw kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀt±in¡p¶ hn[¯nÂ aPnkvt{S«v Xmsg ]dbp¶ hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv

1. tIknsâ \¼À 2. Ipäw sNbvX XobXn 3. dnt¸mÀ«nsâtbm ]cmXnbptStbm XobXn 4. ]cmXn¡mcsâ t]cv 5. {]XnbpsS t]cpw, amXm]nXm¡Ä BcmsW¶pffXpw XmakØehpw 6. ]cmXns¸« Ipähpw sXfnbn¡s¸« Ipähpw GsX¦nepw hkvXphpambn _Ôs¸«

IpäIrXy¯nÂ B hkvXphnsâ aqeyw 7. {]XnbpsS hmZhpw AbmfpsS hnkvXmchpw 8. XoÀ¸v 9. in£mhn[n AsÃ¦nÂ aäv Ańa D¯chv 10. \S]Sn Ahkm\n¨ Xo¿Xn k½dn hnNmcW sNbvXn«pff tIkpIfnÂ ({]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v k½Xn¡m¯ tIÊpIfnÂ) aPnkvt{S«v sXfnhnsâ kmcmwihpw XoÀ¸n\pff ImcW§Ä kw{Kln v̈ sIm−pff Hcp {]kvXmh\ AS§nb hn[n\ymbhpw tcJs¸Spt¯−XmIp¶p. (sk£³ 264) tcJIfpw hn[n\ymbhpw tImSXnbnse `mjbnÂ FgptX−XpamIp¶p. (sk£³ 265) ap³]dª tcJItfm hn[n\ymbtam Ah c−ptam No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v CXn\mbn \nban¡p¶ DtZymKØ³ apJmńcw X¿mdm¡phm³ Ipä§Ä k½dn hnNmcW sN¿phm³ A[nImcs¸«n«pff GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{SW«n\v \ÂIphm³ sslt¡mSXnbv¡v A[nImcw \ÂImhp¶Xpw A{]Imcw X¿mdm¡p¶ tcJItfm hn[n\ymbtam A§s\bpff aPnkvt{S«v H¸ntS−XpamIp¶p.

hn[n\ymbw (judgment)F¶mse v́ ? sk£³ 353 apXÂ 365 hn[n\ymbs¯¡pdn¨v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnÂ hnhcn¡p¶nÃ. Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn Ipä¡mc\mtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v tImSXn Ańambn Xocpam\n¡p¶Xns\bmWv hn[n F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Ipä¡mc\msW¶v Is−¯p¶ ]£w AbmÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ in£sb¡pdn¨pw hn[nbnÂ ]dªncn¡p¶XmWv. hn[n Hcp tImSXnbpsS Ańaambn«pff {]Jym]\ambncn¡Wsa¶pffXpsIm−v UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm−pff hn[n Ahkm\ {]Jym]\ambn IW¡m¡m\mhnÃ. ImcWw tImSXnbv¡v ths×¦nÂ UnkvNmÀÖv tIknÂ ]pXnbXmbn ]cmXn kzoIcn¨v \S]Sn Bcw`n¡mhp¶XmWv. hn[nbnse `mjbpw LSI§fpw sk£³ 354 tImSXnbpsS `mjbnembncn¡Ww FÃm hn[nbpw FgpXnbncnt¡−Xv. sk£³ 272 {]Imcw tImSXn `mj \nÝbnt¡−Xv _Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv. 2. FÃm hn[nbnepw A{]Icmw Xocpam\¯nse¯nbXp kw_Ôn¨pff ImcW§fpw kqN\Ifpw D−mbncn¡Ww HcmÄs¡Xnsc NmÀÖv sN¿pt¼mgpff Imcyhnhc]{XnI apXÂ¡pXs¶ {Inan\Â tIknÂ hn[n XpS§p¶p F¶p ths×¦nÂ ]dbmhp¶XmWv. 3; {]Xnsb IpäØm]\w sNbvXn«pffXv C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯ntem aäp \nb§fntem GXp hIp v̧ {]ImcamsW¶pw i£ hn[n¡p¶Xv GXp hIp¸p {]ImcamsW¶pw hn[nbnÂ D−mbncn¡Ww. {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡p¶ hn[n\ymbamsW¦nÂ {]Xn GXp Ipä¯n\mtWm Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«n«pffXv B Ipäw {]Ømhn¡pIbpw Abmsf kzX{´\m¡phm³ \nÀtZin¡pIbpw sNt¿−XmWv.

34

acW in£ hn[n¡pIbmsW¦nÂ AXntebv¡v \bn¨ {]tXyI ImcW§s¡#pdn¨n hn[n\ymb¯nÂ {]kvXmhn¨ncnt¡−XmsW¶v sk£³ 354 (3) Â ]dbp¶p−v. IqSmsX h[ in£ hn[n¡pIbmsW¦nÂ Abmsf Igp¯nÂ Ibdn«v Ipcp¡n acWw hsc Xqt¡−XmsW¶v ]dªncn¡Ww.

hn[n\ymb¯nse `mj (judgment)

1. Xpd¶ tImSXnbnÂ (open court) h¨mbncn¡Ww hn[n {]kvXmhnt¡−Xv. FÃmhcpw

tIÄs¡ AXv apgpht\m AsÃ¦nÂ AXnsâ \S¸mt¡− `mKtam (operating part) D¨¯nÂ hmbn¨ncn¡Ww. hn[nbpsS DffS¡w {]Xnbvt¡m AsÃ¦nÂ AbmfpsS ]vfoUÀt¡m a\Ênemhp¶ `mjbnÂ hnhcn¨ncnt¡−XmWv. (sk£³ 353) hn[n\ymb¯nÂ {]nsskUnwKv HmôkÀ Xpd¶ tImSXnbnÂ h¨v Xo¿Xnbpw H¸pw tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. AbmfÃ AXv FgpXnbsX¦nÂ AXnse Hmtcm t]Pnepw {]nsskUnwKv HmôkÀ H¸n«ncnt¡−XmWv. AXntâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v ]cntim[\bv¡mbn DS³ Xs¶ I£nIÄt¡m AhcpsS ]vfoUÀamÀt¡m \ÂtI−XmWv.

2. {]Xn IÌUnbnemsW¦nÂ hn[n tIÄ¡m\mbn Abmsf tImSXnbnÂ F¯nt¡−XmWv. AbmÄ IÌUnbnesÃ¦nÂ Abmsf AbmfpsS hyàn]camb km¶n[yw ths−¶p h¨ncn¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ shdpw ss^³ am{XamWv hn[n F¶pfft¸mtgm Abmsf Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm sN¿s¸Sp¶ kmlNcy¯neÃmsX aäp kmlNcy§fnÂ hn[n tIÄ¡p¶Xn\mbn lmPcmIm³ {]Xn¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂInbncnt¡−XmWv. F¶mÂ H¶ne[nIw IpähmfnIfp−mbncn¡pIbpw AhcnÂ NneÀ lmPcmImXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pff kµÀ`§fnÂ ImeXmakw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn A²y£X hln¡p¶ DtZymKØ\v hn[n XoÀ¸m¡p¶XnÂ A\mhiyamb ImeXmakw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn Ipd¨pt]À k¶nlnXcsÃ¦nepw hn[n {]kvXmhn¡mhp¶XmWv. {Inan\Â tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ Hcp hn[n\ymbahpw {]Xntbm AbmfpsS ]vfoUtdm lmPcmImXncp¶XpsImt−m AsÃ¦nÂ hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶ Xo¿Xnbpw Øehpw Adnbn¨psIm−pff t\m«okv _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ¡v e`n¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶ ImcW¯mtem Akm[phmIp¶nÃ.

h[in£ hn[n¡pt¼mÄ AXv ØncoIcn¡p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? sk£³ 366 \v hnt[bambn skj³kv tImSXn HcmÄ¡v h[in£ \ÂIpt¼mÄ in£ \S¸m¡p¶Xn\mbn \S]Sn{Iaw sslt¡mSXnbnÂ kaÀ¸nt¡−Xpw sslt¡mSXnbpsS ØncoIcWw e`n¨mÂ am{Xta in£ \S¸nem¡phm³ ]mSpffq (sk£³ 368). in£ hn[n¨ tImSXn {]Xntb PbnenÂ Abbvt¡−XmWv. C{]Imcw skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v \S]Sn{Iaw kw_Ôn¨ Imcy§Ä e`n¨mÂ sslt¡mSXn kzbw IqSpXÂ At\zjWw \S¯pIbpw IqSpXÂ sXfnhv FSp¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ skj³kv tImSXntbmSv C{]Imcw \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ \nÀtZin¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv. At\zjW¯n\v tijw sslt¡mSXn h[in£ icnhbv¡pItbm, AsÃ¦nÂ \nba{]Imcapff asämcp in£ hn[n¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ h[ in£ d±m¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ CtX tIknÂ ho−pw Hcp hnNmcW \S¯phm³ \nt±in¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv. {]Xn CXn\Iw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¨n«ps−¦nÂ A¸oÂ XoÀ¸mIp¶Xphsc h[ in£ ØncoIcn¨psIm−pff D¯chv sslt¡mSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ. sslt¡mSXn Hcmsf h[in£bv¡v hn[n¡pIbpw AXns\Xnsc AbmÄ `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 134 \v hnt[bambn kp{]ow tImSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«ps−¦nÂ hn[n \S¸m¡Â amänhbv¡m³ A¸oÂ XoÀ¸mIp¶Xphsctbm AsÃ¦nÂ A¸oÂ ]cnKWn¡m\pff kab ]cn[n Ahkm\n¡p¶Xphsctbm sslt¡mSXn \nÀtZin¡p¶XmWv. h[in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸«Xv Hcp kv{Xnsbbmbncn¡pIbpw B kv{Xo KÀ`nWnbmsW¶v ImWs¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ hn[n \S¸m¡Â amänhbv¡m\pw DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w h[ in£ Poh]cy´w XShv in£bmbn amäm\pw sslt¡mXn \nÀtZin¡p¶XmWv. h[ in£ ØncoIcn¨psIm−pff sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chnÂ Gähpw Npcp§nbXv cc−v PUvPnamsc¦nepw H¸ph¨ncnt¡−XmWv. A¸oen³tatem dnhnj\ptatem sslt¡mSXn Bscsb¦nepw h[in£bv¡v hn[n¨mÂ sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chv e`n¨mÂ skj³kv tImSXn D¯chv icnbmbhn[¯nÂ \S¸m¡phm³ \nÀt±in¨psIm−v Pbnem[nImcnbv¡v \nÀ±njvS {]t^mÀabnÂ hmdâv \ÂIp¶XmWv (sk£³ 413 & 414) AX\pkcn v̈ h[ in£ \S¸nem¡nbmÂ in£ \S¸nem¡nbXv kw_Ôn¨ hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯n Pbne[nImcn B hmdâv skj³kv tImSXnbv¡v Xncn¨bbv¡p¶XmWv. (sk£³ 430) \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ hn[n¡m\pff {Inan\ÂtImSXnbpsS A[nImcw sk£³ 366 \v hnt[bambn tImSXnIÄ h[in£bpÄs¸sSbpff in£ hn[n¡pt¼mÄ ]ngbpw hn[n¨n«p−¦nÂ t{]mknIyqj\v t\cn« sNehpIÄ \nI¯n\v sImSp¡p¶Xn\pw, IpäIrXy¯sâ êambn BÀs¡¦nepw Fs´¦nepw ]cnt¡m \jvStam D−mbn«ps−¦nÂ AXn\pff

35

\jvS]cnlmctam sImSp¡m\pw Bscsb¦nepw h[n¡pItbm AsÃ¦nÂ AXn\v t{]cn¸n¡pItbm sN¿Xn«pff tIkpIfnÂ amcI kw`h BIvSv 1855 \v hnt[bambn \jvS]cn]mclcw e`nbv¡phm³ AÀlXbpffbmfpIÄ¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm\pw, tamjWw, IpäIcamb ZpÀhn\ntbmKw, IpäIcamb {SÌv ewL\w NXn, IfhvapXÂ ssIhiw hbv¡Â, AXnsâ hnÂ¸\b¡v klmbn¡Â XpS§nb IpäIrXy¯n\v \jvS]cn]mclcw e`nbv¡phm³ AÀlXbpffbmfpIÄ¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm\pw tImSXnbv¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv. IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyàn¡v Fs´¦nepw \jvStam ]cnt¡m ]änbn«ps−¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«mÂ {]XntbmSv \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ tImSXnbv¡v in£bpsS `mKambn ]ng hcm¯ tIknepw \ntZin¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 357(3) Cu hIp¸v {]Imcapff D¯chv A¸oÂ tImSXnbv¡pw, AsÃ¦nÂ dnhnj³ kab¯v skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw \ÂImhp¶XmWv. CtX tIkv kw_Ôn¨v ]n¶oSv GsX¦nepw knhnÂ tImSXn \jvS]cnlmcw hn[n¡pt¼mÄ ap¼v \jvS]cnlmcw hn[n¨ Imcy§Ä IW¡nseSpt¡−XmWv. ImcWanÃmsX AdÌv sN¿s¸« BÄ¡pff \jvS]cnlmcw (sk£³ 358(1) HcmÄ ImcWw t]meokv HmôkÀ aämscb¦nepw Adkväv sN¿pIbpw ]n¶oSv C{]Icmw AdÌv sN¿s¸Sm\pff ImcW§sfm¶pw AbmfpsS `mK¯v \n¶v D−mbn«nÃm F¶v tImSXn Is−¯pIbpw sNbvXmÂ AdÌn\v hnt[b\mb hyàn¡v AbmfpsS kab\jvS¯n\pw sNehpIÄ¡pambn bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶Xpw F¶mÂ Bbncw cq]bnÂ Ihnbmb¯Xpamb XpI \jvS]cnlmcambn \ÂIm³ AdÌn\v ImcW¡mc\mb hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw H¶ntesd hyànIÄ AdÌv sN¿s¸«n«ps−¦nÂ AhÀt¡mcpc¯À¡pw \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ AdÌn\v ImcW¡mc\mb hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. Cu XpI ]ng CuSm¡p¶ coXnbnÂ CuSm¡p¶Xpw AXv \ÂtI− hyàn¡v AXn\v IgnhnÃmsb¦nÂ Abmsf 30 Znhk¯nÂ IqSmsXbpff Znhkt¯¡v XShnÂ ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XpamWv. t\m¬ sImssák_nÄ tIknÂ tImSXn sNehv sImSp¡m\pff D¯chv t\m¬ sImssák_nÄ tIknÂ Bsc¦nepw ]cmXn \ÂIpIbpw AXp{]Imcw tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶ \S]SbpsS ASnØm\¯nÂ {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v sXfnªmÂ in£bv¡v ]pdta ]cmXn¡mc\v AbmÄ¡v t{]mknIyqj\nÂ t\cn« tImSXnsNehv apgph\mtbm `mKnIamtbm \ÂIm³ {]XntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. Cu XpI HSp¡p¶XnÂ hogvN hcp¯nbmÂ Abmsf 30 Znhk¯nÂ IqSmsXbpff Znhkt¯¡v XShnÂ ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XpamWv. sk£³ 359 A¸oÂ F¶mse v́ ?

IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[n icnbmtWm F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ Iogv tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v tIkv taÂtImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff Hcp ]mÀ«nbpsS AhImi¯n\mWv A¸oÂ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

`cWLS\b\pkcn¨v kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v GXp tIknepw A¸oÂ A\phZn¡m\pff AhImiap−v. (BÀ«n¡nÄ132, 134, 136)

IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[nbnÂ A\ymbtam sXtäm \S¶Xmbn kwibn¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ B hn[n Xncp¯n¡n«p¶Xnt\m amäp¶Xnt\m taÂ tImSXnbnÂ kaÀ¸n¡p¶ ]cmXnbv¡mWv A¸oÂ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. {Inan\Â \S]Sn\nba{]Imcw Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy§fnte A¸oÂ A\phZn¡p¶pffq.

{Inan\Â tIkpIfnÂ hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn \ÂInb in£ A]cym]vXsa¶p tXm¶nbmÂ

kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. A¸oÂ tImSXntbm, hnNmcW sNbvX BZys¯ tImSXntbm {]Xntb shdpsX hn«mÂ kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ t_m[n¸n¡mw. Hcp kzmImcy hyàn sImSp¯ ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv tIkv ^benÂ kzoIcn¨sX¦nÂ, {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«mÂ A¸oÂ ^bÂ sN¿p¶Xn\v {]tXyIm\paXn Bhiys¸«psIm−v ]cmXn¡mc\v sslt¡mSXnsb kao]n¡mw. {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«Xns\Xncmbn sslt¡mSXXnbnÂ sImSp¡p¶ A¸oenÂ {]Xnsb h[in£t¡m, Poh]cy´w XShnt\m, ]t¯m AXne[nItam hÀj§Ä XShnt\m in£n¨mÂ kp{]ow tImSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ sImSp¡mw

{Inan\Â tImSXnbpsS GsX¦nepw Xocpam\tam D¯cthm icnbmtWm, \nbahncp²amtWm, A\pNnXamtWm F¶pw \S]Sn{Ia§fnÂ A]mIXbpt−m F¶pw ]cntim[n v̈ XoÀ¸pIÂ¸n¡p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXn¡pw A[nImcw D−v. CXn\v ]thgvkv Hm^v dnhnj³ F¶p ]dbp¶p. A¸oÂ A\phZn¡m¯ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmw ?

1. s]än tIkpIÄ (sk£³ 376) 2. sslt¡mSXn HcmÄ¡v Bdpamkw hsc XSthm 1000 cq] ]ngtbm c−pw IqSnbtbm

hn[n¨mÂ AXns\Xnsc A¸oÂ \ÂIm\mhnÃ 3. skj³kvt¡mSXntbm sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm HcmÄ¡v aq¶p amkw hsc

XSthm 200 cq] ]ngtbm c−pw IqSnbtbm hn[n¨mÂ AXns\Xnsc A¸oÂ \ÂIm\mhnÃ 4. HcmÄ¡v ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«t¡mSXn 100 cq] ]ng am{Xw hn[n¨mÂ AXns\Xnsc A¸oÂ

\ÂIm\mhnÃ

36

4. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm, sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«t¡mSXntbm k½dn hnNmcW \S¯n HcmÄ¡v 200 cq] ]ng am{Xw hn[n¨mÂ AXns\Xnsc A¸oÂ \ÂIm\mhnÃ taÂ kmlNcy§fnepw taÂ ]dªn«pff in£ItfmsSm¸w atäsX¦nepw in£ IqSn Iq«nt¨À v̄ hn[n¨n«ps−¦nÂ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡m\pff AhImiw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. F¶ncp¶mepw Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fpfft¸mÄ C{]Imcw A¸oen\pff AhImiw D−mbncn¡p¶XÃ. 1. kam[m\w Øm]n¡p¶Xn\mbn HcmtfmSv skIyqcnän Bhiys¸« kµÀ`§fnÂ 2. XShnt\msSm¸apff ]ng ASbv¡p¶XnÂ hogvN hcp¯nbXnsâ t]cnÂ XShv in£

\ÂIp¶bhkc¯nÂ 3. H¶nÂ IqSpXÂ ss^³ Npa¯nbn«pff kµÀ`§fnÂ GÃm XpIbpw IqSn tNÀ¯mÂ

taÂ ]dª XpIbnÂ IqSpXÂ hcp¶nÃmsb¦nÂ {]Xn Ipäw GäXnsâ êambn sslt¡mSXn in£ \ÂInbn«pff in£bnÂ A¸oÂ A\phZn¡p¶XÃ.

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A¸oÂ \ÂIphm\pff AhImiw Ft¸msgÃmamWpffXv ? GsX¦nepw tIknÂ \ÂInb in£ A]cym]vXamsW¶v A`n{]mbapff ]£w sslt¡mSXbnÂ sk£³ 344(1) \v hnt[bambn A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡phm³ _Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIÄ¡ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂImhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcapff A¸oÂ ^bÂ sNbvXp IgnªmÂ Ipähmfnbv¡v Xsâ ImcWw AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\pff Ahkcw \ÂImsX in£ hÀ²n¸n¡m\pff \S]Sn sslt¡mSXn kzoIcn¡pIbnÃ. Cubhkc¯nÂ Ipähmfn¡v Xs¶ Ipähnapà\m¡Wsat¶m in£ eLqIcn¡Wsat¶m At]£n¡mhp¶XmWv. IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v At\zjWw \S¯nbXv UÂln kvs]jyÂ t]meokv FÌp_fnjvsasâm AsÃ¦nÂ tI{µ Kh¬saân\v Iognepff atäsX¦nepw At\zjW GP³kntbm BsW¦nÂ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v A¸oÂ ^bÂ s N¿m\pff \nÀZtZiw \ÂtI−Xv tI{µ kÀ¡mcmWv. Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«Xns\Xnscbpff A¸oÂ

sslt¡mSXnbÃm¯ GsX¦nepw tImSXn HdnPn\Â tIkntem A¸oÂ tIkntem AsÃ¦nÂ skj³kv tImSXn GsX¦nepw tIknÂ dnhnj\neqsStbm Bscsb¦nepw Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« kmlNcy¯nÂ sslt¡mSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ \ÂIm³ kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂImhp¶XmWv.

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâXÃm¯ A¸oÂ Cu hIp¸v {]Imcw kzoIcn¡phm³ sslt¡mSXn¡v A[nImcanÃ. Cu hpI¸v {]Imcw A¸oÂ \ÂIWtam AsÃ¦nÂ \ÂImXncn¡Wtam F¶pff hnthN\m[nImcw kÀ¡mcnÂ \n£n]vXamWv. Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«v Bdp amk¯n\Iw A¸oÂ ^bÂ sNbvXncnt¡−XmWv.

Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« tIkv Bcw`n¨Xv Hcp t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯nemsW¦nÂ IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mbn F¶hImis¸Sp¶bmÄ¡v A¸oÂ \ÂIm³ AhImianÃ.

Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« tIkv Bcw`n¨Xv Hcp kzImcy ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemsW¦nÂ ]cmXn¡mc\v shdpsX hn«Xns\Xnsc sslt¡mSXnbnÂ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. sslt¡mSXnbpsS A\phmZXvTXmsS am{Xta A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡phm³ ]mSpffq. 60 Znhk¯n\Iw A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¨ncn¡Ww.

A¸oÂ s]äoj³

GXp A¸oepw s]äoj³ cq]¯nembncn¡Ww. A¸oÂImct\m AbmfpsS ]vfoUÀt¡m A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡mw. A¸oent\msSm¸w hn[n]IÀ¸pw D−mbncn¡Ww.

A¸oÂImc³ PbnenemsW¦nÂ A¸oÂ Pbne[nImcn¡v \ÂInbmÂ aXn. AXv Pbne[nImcn _Ôs¸« tImSXnbntebv¡v kaÀ¸n¡p¶XmWv. A¸oÂ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

]cmXn ]cntim[n¡pIbpw ]mÀ«nIsf hnkvXcn¡pIbpw sNbvXXn\ptijw Cu hnjb¯nÂ CSs]tS−Xmb kmlNcy§Ä H¶pw CÃm F¶p A¸oÂ tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w A¸oÂ Xffmhp¶XmWv.

AXsÃ¦nÂ D¯chnÂ amäw hcp¯mt\m IqSpXembn At\zjWw \S¯mt\m ]p\hnNmcW\S¯mt\m AsÃ¦nÂ Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«bmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn sXfnbp¶ ]£w Abmsf in£n¡mt\m A¸oÂ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−mbncn¡p¶XmWv. A¸oÂ ]cnKW\bnencn¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ A¸oÂImc\pff Pmayw (sk.389(3) Pmayw \ntj[n¡p¶Xn\v {]tXyI ImcW§sfm¶pw CÃmsb¦nÂ A¸oÂ ]cnKW\bnencn¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ A¸oÂImc\v Pmayw A\phZn¡phm³ A¸oÂtImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v.

37

Ipähmfn Ipäw k½Xn¨mÂ B tIknÂ ]n¶oSv A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡m\mhnÃ. F¶v sk£³ 375 Â ]dbp¶p. ImcWw Ipäk½Xw \S¯pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v A¸oÂ \ÂIm\pff AhImiw CÃmXmhp¶p.

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamcpw AhcpsS A[nImc§fpw (1973 se {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbaw 6-- mw hIp¸v)

FÃm PnÃIfnepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v Cr.P.C bnse sk£³ 20 kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C¯c¯nÂ \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcnÂ Hcmsf PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶p. CXp IqSmsX AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«ns\bpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pw PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pw X½nepff hyXymksa v́ ?

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamÀ kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâ t\cn«pff \nb{´W¯nemWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xpw AhÀ AhcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä \nÀÆln¡p¶XpsaÃmw kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâ \nb{´W¯n\v hnt[bambn«mWv. F¶mÂ PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pamÀ sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepw taÂt\m«¯nepamWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. PpUojyÂ kz`mhapff {]hÀ¯\§Ä PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pamcpw AUvan\nkvt{S«ohv/ FIvknIyq«ohv kz`mhapff {]hÀ¯\§Ä FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpw \nÀÆln¡p¶p. {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnX {]Imcw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsS {][m\ IÀ¯hy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

kam[m\ ewL\tam AkzØamb Aćo£tam D−mIm\nSbps−¶pff kmlNcyaps−¶v Adnhv In«nbmÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v DS³ Xs¶ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡−XmWv. CXntâ BZy]Snbmbn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v Hcp D¯chnd¡p¶p. kam[m\hncp²amb {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\v D¯chmZnIfmbhÀ Hcp sImÃ¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡v kam[m\w ]men¨psImffmsa¶v Pmay¡mÀ klnXtam AÃmsXtbm t_m−v FgpXnhbv¡mXncn¡phm³ ImcWw Bhiys¸«psIm−pff XmÂImenI D¯chmWnXv. _Ôs¸« I£n tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmbn«ps−¦nÂ B D¯chv t\cn«v AbmÄ¡v \ÂIp¶p. I£n lmPcnÃmsb¦nÂ Hcp \nÝnX Znhkw lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm−v AbmÄ¡v ka³kv Abbv¡p¶p. Abmsf DSs\ AdÌv sN¿mXncp¶mÂ kam[m\ ewL\ap−mIpsa¶v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v IcpXp¶psh¦nÂ Abmsf DS³ AdÌv sNbvXv lmPcm¡m³ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ka³knt\msSm¸w XmÂ¡menI D¯chpw Abv¨psImSp¡p¶p. Btcm]W hnt[b\mb hyàn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI lmPcmbmÂ Btcm]Ww kw_Ôn v̈ Bhiyamb sXfnshSp¡pIbpw At\zjWw \S¯pIbpw sN¿mw. sXfnshSp¸v Xocp¶Xn\v ImeXmakaps−¦nÂ AXphsc Hcp XmÂ¡menI t_m−v FgpXnhbv¡m³ I£ntbmSv Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. A{]Imcw FgpXn hbv¡p¶Xphsctbm At\zjWw ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xphsctbm I£nsb XShnÂ ]mÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. At\zjWw Bdpamk¯n\Iw ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbncn¡Ww. sXfnshSp¸n\v tijw Ahkm\ Xocpam\w ssIs¡mffp¶p. At¸mÄ ap³]v ]pds¸Sphn¨ D¯chv Øncs¸Sp¯pItbm sXfnhnsÃ¶p I−mÂ I£nsb shdpsX hnSpItbm sN¿p¶p. t_m−v kaÀ¸n¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pw AXv sN¿m¯hsc aq¶p sImÃw hsc XShnÂ ]mÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 107 ) \nbahncp²amb kwLw tNcÂ (sk£³ 129-þ132)

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hmôktdm AbmfpsS A`mh¯nÂ k_v C³kvs]IvSdpsS dm¦nÂ Ipdbm¯ GsX¦nepw t]meokv Hmôktdm At©m AXnÂ IqSpXtem t]cS§nb kwL¯nsâ \nbahncp²amb kwLw tNcÂ D−mhpIbpw AXv s]mXpPohnX¯nsâ kam[m\¯n\v ieyamIpIbpw sN¿psa¶v IcpXp¶ ]£w B kwL¯nt\mSv ]ncnªpt]mIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw D¯chv e`n¨mÂ DS³ ]ncnªpt]mtI−Xv B kwL¯nepffhcpsS ISambmWv. taÂ{]Imcw D¯chv e`n¨bpS³ B kwLw ]ncnªpt]mImXncnbv¡pIbpw ]ncnªpt]mImXncnbv¡m\pff Hcp Xocpam\w AhcnÂ \n¶v D−mIp¶Xmbn ImWpIbpw sNbvXmÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv Hmôktdm B kwLs¯ _ew {]tbmKn v̈ ]ncn¨p hnSm\pff \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡−XmWv. (sk£³ 129) C{]Imcw ]ncnªpt]mIm³ Iq«m¡m¯ kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm\mbn kmbp[ tk\bpsS klmbw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯phm\pw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcap−v. F¶mÂ kmbp[tk\ anXamb _e{]tbmKw am{Xta \S¯phm³ ]mSpffq. AXp hgn hyànIÄ¡pw kz¯n\pw anXamb ]cpt¡ FÂ¸n¡phm³ ]mSpffq. aPnkvt{S«nsâ Akm¶n²y¯nÂ AXymhiy kµÀ`§fnÂ

38

kmbp[tk\bnse I½ojâv HmôkÀt¡m KkäUv HmôkÀt¡m \nbahncp²amb kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm³ _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ C{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\v tijw Gähpw thK¯nÂ ASp¯pff aPnkvt{S«ns\ hnhcw Adnbn¨ncnt¡−XmWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v Bhiysa¶v sXm¶p¶]£w \nbahncp²amb P\¡q«s¯ ]ncn¨phnSp¶Xn\mbn kmbp[tk\bpsS klmbw sk£³ 130 {]Imcw Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v \nbahncp²amb kwL¯nse AwK§sf Adkväv sN¿m\pw XS¦enÂ hbv¡m\pw Ahsc \nba{]Imcw in£n¡m\pw A[nImcap−v.

aPnkvt{S«nsâ Akm¶n²y¯nÂ AXymhiy kµÀ`§fnÂ kmbp[tk\bnse I½ojâv HmôkÀt¡m KkäUv HmôkÀt¡m \nbahncp²amb kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm³ _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XXpw B kwL¯nepffhsc AdÌv sNbvXv XS¦enÂ hbv¡mhp¶XpamWv. C¯cw kµÀ`§fnÂ HmôkÀ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pambn _Ôs¸«v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nsâ \nÀt±i§Ä hm§nbncnt¡−XmWv. (sk£³ 131) s]mXp iey§Ä F¶mse v́ ? s]mXp iey§Ä D−mIpt¼mÄ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F´p \S]SnIfmWv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ? (sk£³ 133þ143) s]mXp ieyw D−mbXmbn t]meoknÂ \nt¶m AsÃ¦nÂ aäv amÀ¤§fnÂ \nt¶m hnhcw e`nbv¡pIbpw s]mXpieyw DffXmbn At\zjW¯nÂ a\ÊnemhpIbpw sNbvX kmlNcy¯nÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{St«m, k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{St«m AsÃ¦nÂ GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m s]mXpieyw D−m¡nb hyàntbmSv B ieyw D−m¡p¶ Imcy§Ä CÃmXm¡pItbm amäpItbm XSbpItbm sNt¿−XmsW¶ tkm]m[nIamb Hcp D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡−XmWv.

Xmsg ]dbp¶ s]mXpiey§sf kw_Ôn¨pff Adnhp e`nbv¡p¶ apdbv¡mWv Hcp FIvknIyq«ovhv aPnkvt{S«n\v B iey§Ä Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn sk£³ 133 A\pkncn v̈ tkm]m[nIamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡−Xv.

1. s]mXpP\§Ä \nbam\pkcWw D]tbmKn¡p¶ Øet¯m hgnbntem, \Znbntem, tXm«ntem Dff XSÊ§fpw iey§fpw

2. GsX¦nepw hym]ctam sXmgntem \S¯p¶Xp hgntbm GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡tfm I¨hS¨c¡pItfm kq£n¡p¶Xp hgntbm s]mXpP\¯nsâ BtcmKy¯nt\m PohnX¯nt\m lm\n kw`hn¡pI

3. GsX¦nepw sI«nS \nÀ½mWw aqetam GsX¦nepw hkvXp FhnsSsb¦nepw \nt£]n¡p¶Xp aqetam Xo¸nSp¯¯n\pw kvt^mS\¯n\pw CSbm¡pI

4. sI«nSw IqSmcw aäp Nab§Ä, hr£§Ä F¶nhbpsS kao] {]tZi¯p Xmakn¡pItbm sXmgnÂ sN¿pItbm sN¿p¶ BfpIÄ¡pw kao]¯pIqsS \St¡− BfpIÄ¡pw A]ISw D−mI¯¡hn[¯nÂ Ah hogmdmbn \nÂ¡pI

5. s]mXpP\§Ä¡v A]ISw hcp¯nhbv¡p¶Xpw s]mXp hgnbntem kao]¯ntem Øet¯m Dff Ipfw InWÀ Ign F¶nh

6. A]ISIcamb arK§Ä P\§Ä¡v ieyap−m¡p¶psh¦nÂ AXns\ _Ônt¡−Xmbnt«m \in¸nt¡−Xmbnt«m D−mhpI.

taÂ ]dª XSÊtam ieytam Dff hgn, \Zn, tXmSv, Øew F¶nh kw_Ôn v̈ s]mXpP\§Ä¡v AhImianÃ F¶ XÀ¡w D¶bn¡s¸«mÂ AXn\v sXfnhv lmPcmt¡−XmWv. A{]Imcapff sXfnhv lmPcm¡nbmÂ B XÀ¡w knhnÂ tImSXn Xocpam\n¡p¶Xphsc FÃm \S]SnIfpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v \nÀ¯n shbv¡p¶XmWv. F¶mÂ s]mXpAhImis¯¸än XÀ¡w CsÃ¦ntem XÀ¡¯n\SnØm\ambn sXfnhnsÃ¦ntem \S]SnIÄ XpSÀ¶v \S¯p¶Xpw aäp Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v sXfnshSp¡p¶XpamWv. sXfnshSp v̧ IgnªmÂ tkm]m[nIambn BZyap−mb D¯chv Øncs¸Sp¯pItbm XpSÀ¶v aäp \S]nIÄ BhiyansÃ¶v Xocpam\n¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv.

s]mXpieyw D−m¡nb hyàntbmSv B ieyw D−m¡p¶ Imcy§Ä CÃmXm¡pItbm amäpItbm XSbpItbm sNt¿−XmsW¶ tkm]m[nIamb Hcp D¯chv aPnkvt{S«v ]pds¸Sphnt¡−XmWv. AXnÂ Bt£]apff ]£w FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI lmPcmbn kam[m\w t_m[n¸n¨ncnt¡−XmsW¶v Adnbn¡p¶XmWv. AXp{]Imcw iey§Ä Hgnhm¡m\pff \S]SnIÄ I£n kzoIcn¨nÃmsb¦nÂ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI lmPcmbn kam[m\w t_m[n¸nt¡−Xpw CXnÂ hogvN hcp¯p¶ ]£w sF.]n.kn. 188 hIp¸v {]Imcw I£nsb in£n¡p¶XpamWv. sk£³ 144 {]Imcapff \S]SnIÄ

Bk¶amb B]¯pIfpw kwLÀjmhØbpw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\v PnÃm aPnkvt{St« k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{St«m AsÃ¦nÂ {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m sk£³ 144 {]ImcamWv \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.

Hcp {]tXyI {]hÀ¯n \S¯cpsXt¶m ssIhi¯ntem A[o\Xbntem Dff hkvXp¡Ä ssIhi¡mc³ Hcp {]tXyI \nÀt±iw A\pkcn¨v ssIImcyw sN¿Wsat¶m aPnkvt{S«n\v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ASnbńcambn sNt¿−XmsW¦nÂ t\m«okv sImSp¡msX Xs¶ D¯chpIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. Cu D¯chpIsf kw_Ôn v̈ I£nIÄ Bt£]w D¶bn¨mÂ aPnkvt{S«v AXp ]cnKWn¨v Xocpam\w FSpt¡−XmWv.

39

144 hIp¸v {]Imcapff D¯chpIÄ ]camh[n c−p amkt¯¡v am{Xta {]m_eyap−mbncn¡pIbpffq. F¶mÂ t\m«n^nt¡j³ aptJ\ Cu D¯chpIfpsS Imemh[n Bdp amkw hsc \o«p¶Xn\v _Ôs¸« kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcap−v. a\pjysâ Poht\m BtcmKy¯ns\m kpc£nXXz¯nt\m A]ISw kw_hnt¨¡psa¶v t_m²yaps−¦nÂ am{Xta kÀ¡mÀ C{]Imcw Imemh[n \o«m³ ]mSpffq

Hcp {]tXyI hyàns¡Xnsctbm Hcp {]tZi v̄ Xmakn¡p¶hÀs¡Xnsctbm Hcp {]tXyI Øe¯ IqSp¶ s]mXpP\§Äs¡Xnsctbm 144 hIp¸\pkcn¨v BÚIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä kw_Ôn¨pff XÀ¡w

Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi XÀ¡w kam[m\ ewL\¯n\nSbm¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ AsXmgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamÀ¡v CSs]Smhp¶XmWv. sI«nS§Ä, aÕy_Ô\w, NÍÄ, hnfIÄ, hmSItbm aämZmb§tfm e`n¡p¶Xn\pff AhImiw F¶nhsbÃmw Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä F¶Xnsâ \nÀÆN\¯nÂs¸Sp¶XmWv. aPnkvt{S«v Hcp XmÂ¡menI D¯chv ]mÊmt¡−Xpw _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ lmPcmIp¶Xn\v \nÀtZint¡−XpamWv. AXn\v tijw aXnbmb ImcWaps−¦nÂ XÀ¡¯n\v hnjbamb hkvXp P]vXn sNbvXv dnkohsd \nban¨p tImSXnbpsS A[o\XbnÂ FSp¡mhp¶XmWv. I£nIÄ lmPcmbn ssIhis¯ kw_Ôn v̈ Ccphn`mKhpw tcJmaqeapff tÌävsaâv lmPcmt¡−XmWv. Bhiyamb sXfnshSp¡p¶Xn\pw I£nIÄ¡v Ahkcw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. ChsbÃmw ]cntim[n¨v bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc³ Bcmbncp¶p F¶v Xocpam\n¡msa¦nÂ AXp Xocpam\nt¡−Xpw AbmÄ¡v ssIhiw shbv¡p¶Xn\v AhImiw Ds−¶v D¯chmtI−XpamWv. F¶mÂ knhnÂ tImSXnsb kao]n¨v \nbam\pkrXw ssIhi¡mcs\ Hgn¸n¡p¶Xn\v Cu D¯chv XSÊamhpIbnÃ. hyànIÄ X½nepff AhImi§Ä Xocpam\n¡Wsa¶pffXÃ Cu \S]Sn{Ia§fpsS e£yw. adn¨v kam[m\ewL\w Hgnhm¡Wsa¶pw bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc\v kwc£Ww sImSp¡Wsa¶pffXpamWv. taÂ¸dª {]Imcw bmsXmcp XÀ¡hpw \nehnenÃ F¶p tImSXnsb t_m²ys¸Sp¯nbmÂ {]mcw` D¯chv d±m¡p¶XmWv. Ccphn`mK¡mÀ¡pw hnhmZkab v̄ ssIhianÃmbncp¶psht¶m bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc³ Bsc¶p Xocpam\n¡phm³ IgnbmsX hcnItbm BsW¦nÂ A[nImcapff tImSXn I£nIfpsS AhImi§sf¸än Hcp Xocpam\¯nse¯p¶Xphsc hkvXp¡Ä P]vXn sNbvXp dnkohsc \nban¨v A[o\XbnseSp¡p¶XmWv. XÀ¡¯nÂ DÄs¸«n«pff I£nIfpsS AhImi§Ä Xocpam\nt¡−Xv knhnÂ tImSXnbmWv. {]mcw` D¯chv ]mÊm¡p¶ kabs¯ ØnXn, kam[m\ewL\w Hgnhm¡ns¡m−v \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶pffXmWv FIvknIyq«ovhv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsS NpaXe t]meokv DtZymKØsâ dnt¸mÀt«m aäp Xc¯nepff AdnhpItfm aPnkvt{S«n\v e`n¡p¶Xn\v sXm«p c−pamk¯n\pffnembn GsX¦nepw I£nsb _eambpw \nbahncp²ambpw Cd¡nhn«XmsW¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v t_m²yambmÂ B I£n¡v hkvXp¡Ä ssIhiw hn«psImSp¡p¶XmWv. hkvXphnsâ D]tbmKw kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi¯À¡§Ä hkvXphntâ D]tbmKs¯ kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi¯À¡w kam[m\ ewL\¯nÂ Iemin¡p¶Xn\nSbpfft¸mgpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v CSs¸Sp¶XmWv. hkvXp A{]Imcw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\v AhImiapt−m F¶p \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xn\pw AhImiaps−¦nÂ AXv XSÊs¸Sp¯p¶Xv \ntcm[n¡p¶Xn\pw sk£³ 147 aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. FÃm Ime¯pw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ HchImiamsW¦nÂ t]meokv dnt¸mÀt«m ]cmXntbm e`nbv¡p¶Xn\v sXm«p aq¶p amk¯n\Iambn B AhImiw hn\ntbmKn¨n«ps−¦nÂ am{Xta Cu hIp¸\pkcn¨v \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ ]mSpffq. GsX¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI Øe v̄ am{Xw D]tbmKn¡p¶ AhImiamsW¦nÂ Cu \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v sXm«pap¼v Ignªpt]mb {]tXyI ImeL«¯nÂ B AhImiw D]tbmKn¨ncp¶mepw Cu hIp¸ntâ ]cn[nbnÂ hcp¶XmWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v Øew ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\pw ]cnim[\ \S¯n¡p¶Xn\pw A[nImcap−v. A{]Imcapff ]cntim[\bnÂ \n¶v shfnhmIp¶ hkvXpXIqSn Hcp Ahkm\ Xocpam\w FSp¡pt¼mÄ ]cnKWn¡p¶XmWv.

GsXÃmw kmlNcy§fnemWv amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v kwc£Ww \ÂIm³

a¡tfmSv tImSXn D¯chnSp¶Xv. ? {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse sk£³ 125 Â C{]Imcw ]dbp¶p. Hcp A½bvt¡m AÑt\m kwc£WNnehv \ÂIm³ AhcpsS aIt\mSv Xmsg¸dbp¶

kµÀ`§fnÂ tImSXnbv¡v Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv 1. kwc£Ww Bhiys¸Sp¶ amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v kzámbn Pohn¡m³

amÀ¤§fnÃmXmhpI 2. aI\v amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm\mhp¶ hn[¯nepff kuIcy§Ä

D−mbncn¡pI

40

3. aI³ amXm]nXm¡fpsS kwc£W¯n\pff Bhiyw \ntj[n¡pItbm AhKWnbv¡pItbm sN¿pI

sk£³ 125 (1) {]Imcw aIÄ¡pw ( hnhmlnXbmsW¦nepw CsÃ¦nepw) amXm]nXm¡sf kwc£n¡m\pff _m[yXbps−¶v kp{]ow tImSXn hn[n¨p

`mcybptSbpw a¡fptSbpw amXm]nXm¡fptSbpw kwc£Ww

`mcysbbpw a¡sfbpw kzámbn Ignbm³ A{]m]vXcmb amXm]nXm¡sfbpw kwc£n¡pI

F¶pffXv aXnbmb [\mKa amÀ¤apff Hcp ]pcjsâ {]IrXnZ¯amb IÀ¯hyamsW¶v. {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp v̧ 125 Â {]Xn]mZn¨ncn¡p¶p. kwc£Ww AhImis¸Sm\ÀlXbpffhÀ BscÃmamWv ? . {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp v̧ 125 {]Imcw Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶hÀ¡v Hcp ]pcpj\nÂ \n¶v kwc£W Nnehv Bhiys¸Sphm³ \nba]cambn AÀlXbp−v.

6. `mcy `mcybv¡v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ AhfpsS `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Smw 1. `mcybv¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansÃ¦nÂ 2. `À¯mhn\v tPmen sN¿phm\pff {]m]vXntbm [\mKacmÀ¤§tfm Ds−¦nÂ 3. `À¯mhv Ahsf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÄ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm

sN¿p¶psh¦nÂ 4. `mcy hy`nNmc¯nÂ GÀs¸«ncn¡p¶nÃ F¦nÂ 5. aXnbmb ImcW§fnÃmsX `mcy `À¯mhnt\msSm¯v Xmakn¡phm³ hnÊ½Xn¡p¶nÃ F¦nÂ 6. ]ckv]c k½X¯nsâbSnØm\¯neÃ `mcy thdn«p Xmakn¡p¶Xv F¦nÂ

taÂ ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m AsÃ¦nÂ Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw `mcybv¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ap³ Ime§fnÂ CXv {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw 500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ 2001 Â {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnÂ t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ tImSXnbv¡v DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm\pff A[nImcap−v.

`mcy {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbhtfm {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯htfm BImw. {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯mhfpw `À¯mhv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb hcpam\anÃm¯ AhØbnepamsW¦nÂ AhÄ {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xphsc sNenh\v \ÂIm³ AhfpsS AÑt\mSv D¯chnSm³ tImSXn¡v A[nImcap−v.

Nne hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Xs¶msSm¸w Xmakn¨mÂ sNehn\v sImSp¡msa¶v `À¯mhv Bhiys¸SpIbpw `mcy AXv \ntj[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ `mcy A§s\ hnÊ½Xn¡p¶Xn\pff ImcWw tImSXn ]cntim[n¡pIbpw AXp{]Imcw A\ptbmPyamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv. `À¯mhv asämcp hnhmlw Ign¡pItbm GsX¦nepw Hcp kv{Xosb sh¸m«nbm¡n shbv¡pItbm sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn sXfnªmÂ `mcy AbmtfmsSm¸w Pohn¡m³ hnÊaXn¡p¶Xn\pff aXnbmb ImcWambn tImSXn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv. hnhml _Ôw thÀs¸Sp¯nb tijw kv{Xo ]p\À hnhmlnXbmbn«nÃmsb¦nÂ `mcy F¶ \nÀÆN\¯nÂ hcp¶XmWv.

CÉmw \nba{]Imcw Xem¡v sNmÃs¸« kv{Xo¡v C± ImeL«¯nÂ am{Xw ap³

`À¯mhnÂ \n¶v Poh\mwi¯n\v AÀlXbp−v. j_m\p _oKw tIknÂ kp{]otImSXnbpsS Cu D¯chv hnhmZ§Ä¡v hgn

sh¨Xn\mÂ ]mÀesaâv Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce)Act-1986 \S¸nem¡n. hnhmltamNnXbmb apkvfow kv{Xo¡v Cu \nba¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ ap³ `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v Poh\mwiw AhImis¸Smhp¶XmWv.

\nba]cambn hnhml_Ôw \S¯nbmÂ am{Xta `mcybv¡v `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v Poh\mwiw AhImis¸Sm³ IgnbpIbpffq.

2. Ip«nIÄ {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbmI¯ a¡Ä¡v

]nXmhnÂ \n¶v sNehn\v AhImis¸Sm³ AÀlXbp−v. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ Ip«nIÄ¡v AÑ\nÂ \n¶v sNehn\v Bhiys¸Smw

1. 18 hbÊv XnInbmXncn¡pI 2. Ip«nbv¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansÃ¦nÂ 3. AÑ\v tPmen sNbvXv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb kmlNcyap−mbcn¡pI 4. AÑ³ Ip«nIsf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÀ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm

sN¿pI

41

5. \nba]cambn P\n¨ Ip«nIÄ¡v am{XaÃ \nb]cambÃmsX P\n¨ Ip«nIÄ¡v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp−v

6. hnhmlXncmb Ip«nIÄ¡pw sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp−v 7. {]mb]qÀ¯nsb¯m¯hfpw hnhmlnXbpamb s]¬Ip«n¡v kz´w \nebv¡v sNehn\v

sImSp¡m³ `À¯mhn\v Ignbp¶nÃmsb¦nÂ AhÄ {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xp hsc AÑ\nÂ \n¶v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp−v.

8. {]mb]qÀ¯nsb¯nbn«pw kz´w \nebv¡v Pohn¡m³ Ignbm¯ Xc¯nepff imcocnItam am\knItam Bb sshIeyw Dff Ip«nIÄ¡v AÑ\nÂ \n¶v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp−v. F¶mÂ hnhmlnXbmb s]¬Ip«n {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbmÂ AÑ\nÂ \n¶v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp−mbncn¡pIbnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ `À¯mhn\mWv D¯chmZnXzw

taÂ ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m AsÃ¦nÂ Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw Ip«nIÄ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ap³ Ime§fnÂ CXv {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw 500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ 2001 Â C³Uy³ {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v. 3. amXm]nXm¡Ä

amXm]nX¡Ä¡v aI\nÂ \n¶v sNehn\v AhImis¸Sm³ C³Uy³ {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw AÀlXbp−v.

Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fnÂ amXm]nX¡Ä¡v aI\nÂ \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Smw

1. amXm]nX¡Ä¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansÃ¦nÂ 2. aI\v tPmen sNbvXv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb kmlNcyap−mbcn¡pI 3. aI³ amXm]nXm¡sf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÀ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnÊ½Xn¡pItbm

sN¿pI taÂ ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m

AsÃ¦nÂ Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ aIt\mSv D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ap³ Ime§fnÂ CXv {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw 500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ 2001 Â C³Uy³ {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap−v. amXm]nXm¡Ä F¶mÂ hfÀ¯½bpw hfÀ¯Ñ\pw DÄs¸Sptam F¶v \nba¯nÂ hyàam¡nbn«nÃ. {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp v̧ 125 Â `mcybv¡v `À¯mhnÂ \n¶pw a¡Ä¡v AÑ\nÂ

\n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiaps−¶v ]dbp¶ps−¦nepw a¡Ä¡v A½bnÂ \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiaps−m F¶v \nbaw hyàam¡p¶nÃ. amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v aI\nÂ \n¶v am{XaÃ aIfnÂ \n¶pw sNehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiap−v

{Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw HcmfnÂ \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ D¯chnSWsa¦nÂ B hyàn¡v AXn\pff {]m]vXn D−mbncnt¡−XmWv. {]m]vXn F¶Xv kz¯v, tPmen F¶nh am{XaÃ `mcysbbpw Ip«nIsfbpw amXm]nXm¡sfbpw kwc£n¡phm\pff BtcmKyhpw DÄs¸Sp¶XmWv. AXmbXv tPmen sN¿phm³ X¡ BtcmKyapff ]pcpj\v tPmentbm kzt¯m CÃm F¶ ImcW¯mÂ D¯chmZnXz¯nÂ \n¶v Hgnªpamdm\mhnÃ F¶À°w

kzámbn Pohn¡phm³ KXnbnÃm¯hÀ hgnbm[mcamIcpsX¶ k±pt±it¯msSbpffXmWv.

{Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse 125þmw hIp¸v. AXpsIm−v Nnehn\v \ÂIWsa¶v D¯chv bYmÀ°¯nÂ AXn\v AÀlXbpffhÀ¡v am{Xta e`nbv¡pIbpffq. tPmenbpw aXnbmb hcpam\hpapff kv{Xnv `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v sNehv Bhiys¸«mÂ AXv e`nbv¡pIbnÃ.

DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m AsÃ¦nÂ Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chmImhp¶XmWv.

tIknsâ hnNmcWbpw L«¯nÂ Hcp CS¡me XpI \ÂIm³ tImSXn D¯chnSp¶XmWv. IqSmsX tImSXn sNehn\v \ymbamb XpIbpw \ÂIm³ D¯chnSp¶XmWv. Hcp CS¡me sNehn\pff tIkv ^bÂ sNbvXp IIgnªmÂ FXnÀ I£nbv¡v t\m«okv \S¯nb Xo¿Xn apXÂ 60 Znhk§Ä¡Iw tImSXn AXnÂ XoÀ¸p IÂ¸n¡p¶XmWv. D¯chv \S¸m¡Â

aXnbmb ImcW§fnÃmsX Bsc¦nepw tImSXnbpsS D¯chv ]men¡msXbncp¶mÂ aPnkt{S«v B hyàns¡Xnsc hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv. hmdâv \S¸m¡nbn«pw AbmÄ XpI AS¨nÃmsb¦nÂ Abmsf Hcp amkt¯t¡m XpI ASbv¡p¶Xphsctbm XShnÂ ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XmWv.

42

aPnkvt{S«ntâ A[nImc ]cn[n {Ina\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hIp¸v 125þ128 {]Imcw H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbv¡v

am{Xta sNehn\pff tIkv FSp¡m³ A[nImcaqffq. tIcf¯nÂ IpSpw_tImSXnIÄ \nehnÂ h¶Xn\mÂ C¯cw tIkpIÄ IpSpw_ tImSXnbnemWv ^bÂ sN¿mdpffXv. tIkv FhnsSbpff tImSXnbnÂ ^bÂ sN¿mw

FXnÀ I£n Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem, `mcy Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem `mcytbmsSm¯v Ahkm\w Xmakn¨ncp¶ PnÃbntem \nba]cambn P\n¡m¯ Ipªnsâ Imcy¯nÂ B Ipªnsâ A½ Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem A[nImc]cn[nbpff tImSXnbnÂ tIkv ^bÂ sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

Poh\mwi D¯chv d±m¡mhp¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ? Xmsg ]dbp¶ GsX¦nepw ImcW¯ntâ hyàamb sXfnhntâbSnØm\¯nÂ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v Poh\mwi¯n\v A\pIqeambn Cd¡nb D¯chv d±m¡mhp¶XmWv

1. `mcy hy`nNmc PohXw \bn¡p¶p F¶v sXfnªmÂ 2. aXnbmb ImcWanÃmsX `À¯mhnt\mSm v̄ Pohn¡m³ X¿mdmIm¯ kmlNcy¯nÂ 3. ]ckv]c k½Xt¯msS thdn«p Xmakn¡p¶sh¦nÂ 4. `mcy ]p\À hnhmlnXmbn F¶v s Xfnbn¡s¸«mÂ 5. `mcy `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v Iogv hg¡{]ImcapfftXm hyàn \nba¯n\v hnt[bambn«pfftXm

Bb 6. .`mcy `À¯mhnÂ \n¶v hnhmltamN\w t\SpIbpw Poh\mwiw kzta[bm Dt]£n¡pIbpw

sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ

sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw X½nepff hyXymksa v́ sImssákn_nÄ

t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ

KpcpXcamb IpäamWv A{X KpcpXcaÃm¯ IpäIrXyw t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿mw hmdâv Ds−¦nÂ am{Xta AdÌv sN¿m\mhq At\zjWw \S¯p¶Xn\v t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\phmZw BhiyanÃ.

At\zjWw \S¯p¶Xn\v t]meokv HmôkÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\phmZw BhiyamWv

]cmXn BhiyamWv ]cmXn BhiyanÃ. UnkvNmÀÖpw Ipähnapàam¡epw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

Discharge Acqittal UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm−pff D¯chv Hcp

hn[nbÃ (Judgment)

Acqittal sNbvXpsIm−pff D¯chv Hcp

hn[nbmWv (Judgment)

UnkvNmÀÖv Ańa XoÀ¸Ã. Acqittal Ańa XoÀ¸mWv {]mYanI C³Izbdn¡ptijtam, {]Xnsb aPnkvt{S«n\v ap³]msI lmPcm¡n hnNmcWkabt¯m UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm−pff D¯chv D−mImhp¶XmWv

hnNmcWbv¡ptijta Acqittal D−mhpIbpffq

UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿s¸« HcmÄs¡Xnsc ]pXpXmbn Fs´¦nepw sXfnhpIÄ e`n¨mÂ AtX Ipä¯n\v ho−pw tIkv NmÀÖv sN¿mhp¶XmWv

Acqittal sN¿s¸« HcmÄs¡Xnsc AtX Ipä¯n\v ho−pw tIkv NmÀÖv sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ

]cmXn Xffs¸«mÂ Ipämtcm]nXs\ UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶p.

]cmXnXffp¶tXm Ipämtcm]nXs\ UnkvNmÀPv

sN¿p¶tXm Ipähnapàam¡p¶Xmbn (Acqittal) IW¡m¡nÃ.

A¸oepw d^d³kpw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

Appeal Reference Cr.P.C. bnse sk£\nse 372 apXÂ 394 hsc A¸oens\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

Cr.P.C. bnse 395, 396 F¶o sk£\nÂ d^d³kns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

A¸o\pff AhImiw {]Xbvs¡¶Xpt]mse d^d³kn\pff AhImiw tImSXbnÂ

43

tÌän\pap−v \n£n]vXamWv ^Ìv Ivfmkv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸oÂ skj³ tImSXnbnepw, skj³ tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸oÂ sslt¡mSXnbnepw sslt¡mSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸oÂ kp{]ow tImSXnbnepw kaÀ¸n¡mw

d^d³kv sslt¡mSXnbnÂ am{Xta kaÀ¸n¡m\mhpIbpffq

A¸oen\pff ImcW§Ä d^d³kns\ At]£n¨v IqSpXemWv

d^d³kn\pff ImcW§Ä A¸oens\ At]£n v̈ Ipdhmbncn¡pw

hn[n¡ptijtam A¸oen\pff A\phmZw e`n¨Xn\p tijtam am{Xta A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡m\mhpIbpffq

tIkv \nehnepfft¸mÄ Xs¶ d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv

A¸oen³taepff hn[n IogvtImSXntbmSv \nÀt±in¡¶ coXnbnepffXpw AXv BÚmcq]¯nepffXpambncn¡pw

d^d³kn³taepff Xocpam\w IogvtImSXnbv¡pff D]tZicq]¯nepffXmbncn¡pw

A¸oÂ tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sp¶ Imcy§Ä \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pfftXm hkvXpX kw_Ô¨pfftXm BImhp¶XmWv

d^d³knÂ \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pffXp am{Xambncn¡p¶XmWv.

I£nbv¡v A¸oen\pff AhImiap−v Iogvt¡mSXnbv¡v am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff AhImiapffq

tÌän\v IpähmfnbpsS hnSpXens\Xnsctbm in£ IpdªXns\Xns\Xnsctbm Bhiysa¦nÂ A¸oÂ \ÂIm\mhp¶XmWv

tÌän\ d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡phm\pff AhImianÃ

A¸oensâ Dt±iyw IogtImSXn \nbaclnXamtbm {IaclnXamtbm,

ka³kv tIkpw hmdâv tIkpw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

ka³kv tIkv hmd³dv tIkv

Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 2 (W) Â ka³kv tIkns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 2 (X) Â hmd³dv v tIkns\¡pdn v̈ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

ka³kv tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkmWv

hmd³ tIkv Kuchw IpSnb tIkmWv

Cr.P.C. bnse A²ymbw 20 Â sk£³ 251 apXÂ 259 hsc ka³kv tIkpIsf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Cr.P.C. bnse A²ymbw 19 Â sk£³ 238 apXÂ 250 hsc hmdâv tIkpIsf¡pdn v̈ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

eLphmb in£bmWpffXv I\¯ in£bmWpffXv aPnkvt{S«mWv ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xv

hmdâv tIkpIÄ IqSpXÂ KpcpXcambh XmcXtay\ Ipdª KpXcambn«pffh F¶n§s\ XcwXncn¨v hnNmcW sN¿p¶p IqSpXÂ KpcpXcamb tIkpIÄ skj³kv tImSXnbpw A{XXs¶ KpXcaÃm¯h aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbpw hnNmcWsN¿p¶p.

aPnkvt{S«n\v t\cn«v tIkv sImssá³kv sN¿mhp¶XmWv

skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ hnNmcW sN¿t¸tS− tIkmsW¦nÂ t]mepw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡v t\cn«v \S]Sn kzoIcn¡m\mhnÃ. A[nImcapff Hcp aPnkvt{S«v BZyw tIkv GsäSp¯Xn\ptijw skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v I½näv sN¿p¶p.

aPnkvt{S«n\v Nnet¸mÄ {]XnbpsS A`mh¯nepw Ipäw hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv (sk£³ 253)

{]XnbpsS km¶n²y¯nÂ am{Xta tIkv hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSpffq

in£ km[mcWbmbn ]ngtbm Ipdª Imet¯¡pff XSthm BImhp¶XmWv

in£ Poh]cy´w XSthm ]ngtbm c−pw IqSntbm e`nbv¡mhp¶XpamWv

ka³kv tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäm³ Ignbpw hmdâv tIkv ka³kv tIkmbn amäm³ IgnbnÃ ka³kv tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäpt¼mÄ tIkv

BZyw apXÂ ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯Ww (De novo

trials)

ka³kv tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäs¸Spt¼mÄ Hcp hmdâv tIkv ]pXpXmbn Bcw`n¡p¶ Xc¯nepff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]menbv¡Ww

ka³kv tIkn\v {]mcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv km[mcWbmbn kzImcy hànIfmWv. hfsc

hmd³dv tIkn\v km[mcWbmbn {]mcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv t]meokmWv

44

A]qÀÆambnt« t]meokn\mÂ {]mcw`w Ipdn¡s¸Smdpffq ka³kv tIkn\v Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ

hmdâv tIkn\v Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔamWv

{]Xn¡v tImSXnbnÂ t\cn«v lmPcmImsX Xs¶ Ipä k½Xw \S¯mw

hmdâv tIknÂ CXp km[yaÃ

km£nsb Hcp XhW am{Xta tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmt¡−Xpffq. {]Xnbv¡v t{Imkv hnkvXmcw sN¿m³ Hcp Ahkcw am{Xta e`nbv¡pIbpffq.

hmdâv tIknÂ (t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³ taÂ AÃmsXbpff tIknÂ) t{Imkv hnkvXmcw sN¿m³ {]Xnbv¡v c−v Ahkcw am{Xta e`nbv¡p¶pffq.. BZyw NmÀPn\v ap¼pw ]n¶nSv NmÀÖv sNbvXXn\v tijhpw

A¸oepw dnhyhpw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

Appeal Review Cr.P.C. bnse 395, 396 F¶o sk£\nÂ d^d³kns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 362 Â dnhyqs\¡pdn v̈ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

taÂtImSXnbv¡v IogvtImSXnbpsS taÂ dnhy \S¯m³ A[nImcap−v

Hcn¡Â hn[n {]Jym]n¨p IgnªmÂ {Inan\Â tImSXnbv¡v hn[nbn³ taÂ dnhyq \S¯³ A[nImcanÃ.

taÂtImSXnbv¡v IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[nbpsStaÂ amäwhcp¯Â, d±m¡Â, XffÂ, hnSpXÂ sN¿Â, in£ hÀ²n¸n¡Â F¶o A[nImc§fp−

dnhyq \S¯n Ivsfdn¡entem IW¡qIq«entem hcp¶ sXäpIÄ Xncp¯m³ am{Xta A[nImcaqffq

d^d³kpw dnhnj\pw X½nepff hyXymksa v́

Reference Revision Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 372 apXÂ 394 hsc A¸oens\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 397 apXÂ 401 hscbpff sk£\pIfnÂ d^d³kn s\¡pdn v̈ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p

tIkv \nehnepfft¸mÄ am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\hpIbqffq

hn[n {]Jym]n¨Xn\p tijw am{Xta dnhnj\v At]£n¡m\mhpIbqffq

d^d³kn\pff AhImiw ssltImSXbnÂ am{Xw \n£n]vXamWv

dnhyq\pff A[nImcw ssltImSXnbv¡pw skj³ tImSXnbv¡pap−v

ssltImSXbnÂ d^d³kn\pff At]£ kaÀ¸n¡m\pff A[nImcw IogvtImSXnbv¡v am{Xtabpff. I£nIÄ¡v AhImianÃ

I£nIÄ¡v AhImiap−v

\nbaw kw_Ôn¨ Fs´¦nepw tNmZyw D−mIpt¼mÄ am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\mhq

dnhnj³ sN¿s¸Sp¶ Imcy§Ä \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pfftXm hkvXpX kw_Ô¨pfftXm BImhp¶XmWv

Iogv tImSXn taÂtImSXnbnÂ \n¶v D]tZi tXSp¶ kz`mh¯nepffXmbncn¡pw

sslt¡mSXntbm skj³kv tImSXntbm AXnsâ IogvtImSXnIfntebv¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶ Xc¯nembncn¡pw

C³shÌntKj³þ F³Izbdn C³IzÌvþ Ch X½nepff hyXymk§Ä

\S]n{Iaw \S¯m³ A[nImcs¸«hÀ

Dt±iyhpw coXnbpw {]XnÚ

C³shÌntKj³

t]meokv DtZymKØt\m aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ atäsX¦nepw A[nImcnItfm

HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v v \nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\pff sXfnhv tiJcn¡p¶Xn\v

tNmZyw sN¿s¸SpItbm, ]cntim[n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ hyàn {]XnÚ FSpt¡−XnÃ.

C³IzÌv F) sk£³ 174 {]Imcw t]meokn\mÂ \S¯s¸Sp¶Xv

F) BßlXy, Akzm `mhnI acWw, IpäIrXy ¯n\v hnt[bambn kw` hn¡p¶ acWw F¶o kml Ncy§fnÂ acW

F) C³IzÌv \S¯p¶bhkc¯nÂ hnfn¡p¶ BtcmSpw {]XnÚ FSp¡m³

45

_n) sk£³ 176 {]Imcw aPnkvt{S«n\mÂ \S¯s¸Sp¶Xv

ImcWw XoÀ¨s¸Sp ¯p¶Xn\v \hh[phnsâ BßlXy, \hh[p XosImfp¯n acnbv¡pI F¶o kmlNcy§fnÂ kwibmkv]Zamb kmlNcy§Ä D−mIpt¼mÄ scWImcWw Is−¯p¶Xn\v t]mÌvtamÀ«w ]cntim[\ \S¯n¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv Bhiys¸Sp¶XmWv _n) t]meokv IÌUnbnÂ HcmÄ acn¡m\nSbmbmtem, \hh[phnsâ BßlXy sN¿pItbm, \hh[p XosImfp¯n acnbv¡pI tbm sN¿pt¼mtg aPnkvt{S«v C³IzÌv \S¯nbncn¡Wsa¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔamWv. C¯cw tIkpIfnÂ C³Izbdn \S¯Wtam F¶pffXv aPnkvt{S«nsâ hnthN\m[nImc¯nÂs¸Sp¶p.

t]meokn\v Bhiys¸Sm\mhnÃ. ]cntim[n¡s¸Sp¶ hyànsb thWsa¦nÂ aPnkvt{S«n\v {]XnÚ FSp¸n¡mw

F³Izbdn aPnkvt{St«m tImSXntbm

tNmZyw sN¿s¸SpItbm, ]cntim[n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ hyànsb {]XnÚ FSp¸n¡p¶p.

Short Notes FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v (Excecutive Magistrate) ( sk£³ 20 (1) ) kam[m\ ewL\w D−mIphm\nSbps−¶pff Adnhp e`n¨pIgnªmÂ AXv XSbm\mbn kXzc \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡−Xp−v. A¯cw kµÀ`§fnÂ \nbam\pkcWw sXfnhpIsfSp¯v \oXn]qÀÆIamb Hcp \nKa\¯nse¯n \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI F¶pffXv {]mtbmKnIaÃ. s]mXpP\§Ä¡v D]{Zhap−mIp¶ {]hÀ¯nIÄ F{Xbpw s]s«¶v XStb−Xp−v. Cu

\S]SnIÄ¡v Excecutive Function F¶p ]dbp¶p. C¯cw \S]SnIÄ kznIcn¡p¶Xn\v NpaXebpff aPnkvt{S«m FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«v ap³Ime§fnÂ FIvknIyq«ohv A[nImchpw PpUojyÂ A[nImchpw HcmfnÂ Xs¶ \n£n]vXambncp¶p. 1955 Â CXv hn`Pn¨p. 1973 Â {Inan\Â t{]mkoUyÀ tImUv t`ZKXn sNbvXt¸mÄ Cu hn`P\w ]qÀ¯nbmbn.

ap³IqÀ Pmayw (Anticipatory Bail) ( sk£³ 438) Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ Hcp IpäIrXyw Xsâ taÂ Npa¯n Xs¶ AdÌv sNbvtX¡m\nSbps−¶v

Bsc¦nepw IcpXp¶ ]£w skj³kv tImSXnbntem sslt¡mSXnbntem ap³IqÀ Pmay¯n\mbn At]£ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw tImSXn hnhthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨v ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chn\mWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶X v Hcp hyàn AdÌnemIp¶Xn\p ap¼v Xs¶ Abmsf Pmay¯nÂ hnSm³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWnXv

A¸oÂ (Appeal) ( sk£³ ) IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[n icnbmtWm F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ Iogv tImSXnbnÂ \n¶v tIkv

taÂtImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff Hcp ]mÀ«nbpsS AhImi¯n\mWv A¸oÂ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

46

Ipä]{Xw (Charge) ( sk£³ )

Hcp hyànbpsS taÂ Ipäw Npa¯p¶Xn\mWv NmÀÖv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv Ipäw sNbvX hyànbpsS t]À¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqew Ipäw Npa¯p¶ {]{InbbmWnXv

Bailable offence (Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXyw) {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfnÂ sImSp¯n«pff IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXhÀ¡v t]meokv HmôkÀt¡m aPnkvt{S«nt\m Pmayw \ÂImhp¶XmWv. Distress warrant hkvXp P]vXn sNbvXv ]Ww hkqÂ sN¿p¶Xn\v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chv tIkv sXfnbn¡m\pff _m[yX

Capital Punishment Hcp Ipähmfn¡v h[ in£ \ÂIpIbmsW¦nÂ AXn\v Im¸näÂ ]Wnjvsaâv F¶p ]dbp¶p. kp{]ow tImSXn, sslt¡mSXn skj³kv tImSXn F¶nhbv¡v Im¸näÂ ]Wnjvsaâv hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap−v. F¶mÂ skj³kv tImSXn Im¸näÂ ]Wnjvsaâv hn[n¡pt¼mÄ AXv \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v ap³]mbn sslt¡mSXnbpsS AwKoImcw hmt§−Xp−v. . Cognizance of offence Ipähmfns¡Xnsc taÂ \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v Xocpam\n¡p¶ \S]Sn

Charge NmÀÖv joäv tIkt\zjW DtZymKØ³ tImSXnbnÂ kaÀ¸n¡p¶ Ańa dnt¸mÀ«v sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfntem AsÃ¦nÂ \nba{]m_eyapff aäp \nb§fntem Dff IpäIrXyw sN¿p¶hcpw t]meokn\v hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XpambXmWv sImKvss#s\kn_nf

hnNmcW (Trial ) HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v kwibn¡p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ AXv

\nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn¶Xn\mbn aPnkvt{S«v \S¯p¶ PpUojyÂ \S]Sn{Ia¯n\mWv {SbÂ F¶p ]dbp¶X.v

FkvtXm¸Â ( Estoppel ) Hcp Imcyw t\cs¯ k½Xn¡pIbpw F¶mÂ ]n¶oSv AXn\v hncp²amb Imcy§Ä D¶bn¡p¶Xn\pw \nba]camb XSÊ§fp−v. CXn\mWv FkvtXm¸Â F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. .{Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ C³UybnÂ \mep hn`mKw {Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ D−v. Ah ; 1. skj³ tImSXn 2. H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn ( sat{Sms]mfojy³ \Kc§fnÂ sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn) 3. c−mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn 4. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v (sk£³ 8) skj³ tImSXn (sk£³ 9) Hcp PnÃtbtbm H¶ne[nIw PnÃIfpsS hnhn[ `mK§fS§nb {]tZi§sfm Hcp skj³ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[nbnÂ hcp¶p. skj³ PUvPnsb sslt¡mSXnbpsS ip]mÀi {]ImcamWv \nban¡p¶Xv. knhnÂ tIkv \S¯pt¼mÄ skj³ PUvPn PnÃm PUvPn F¶ t]cnÂ Adnbs¸Sp¶p. AXpsIm−v skj³ PUvPnsb Unkv{SnIvSv Bâv skj³ PUvPv F¶p ]dbp¶p. sat{Sms]mfojy³ Gcnb ]¯pe£¯nÂ IqSpXÂ P\kwJybpff GsX¦nepw \Kcs¯ sat{Sms]mfojy³ \Kcambn kÀ¡mcn\v t\m«n^nt¡j\neqsS {]Jym]n¡mhp¶XmWv. k½dn hnkvXmcw

hniZamb \S]Sn{Ia§fnÃmsX tIkv s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m¡pI F¶ {]tXyI e£yt¯msSbpff hnkvXmcamWv k½dn hnkvXmcw. No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v, sat{Sms]mfnä³ aPnkvt{S«v, sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ¡v k½dn hnkvXmcw \S¯mw. c−p sImÃ¯ne[nIw XShp in£ \ÂIs¸Smhp¶ tIkpIÄ kaadnbmbn hnkvXcn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. ka³kv Hcp hyàntbmSv Hcp \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab v̄ tImSXnbnÂ lmPcmIWsa¶v IÂ¸n¨psIm−v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ IÂ¸\bmWv ka³kv AdÌv AdÌv F¶ hm¡v {^©v `mjbnÂ \n¶mWv h¶n«pffXv. XSbpI F¶mWv CXn\À°w. Hcp hyàn¡v Xsâ CjvSm\pkcWw Nen¡p¶Xn\pff kzmX\v1Xyw CÃmXm¡pIbmWv AdÌv F¶ {]hÀ¯nbneqsS sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv.

47

kmlNcy§Ä¡p\pkrXambn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØt\m, aPnkvt{SSnt\m Hcp kzmIcy hyànt¡m AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. hmdtâmSpIqSbpw hmdânÃmsXbpw AdÌv sN¿m\pff kmlNcy§fp−v. t]meokv Ubdn sk£³ 172

{Inan\Â tIknsâ ssZ\wZn\ C³shÌntKj³ kw_Ôn¨ Imcy§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v FÃm t]meokv tÌj\nepw Hcp tIkv Ubdn kq£n¡p¶p−v. CXn\mWv t]meokv Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff HmôkdpsS Uyq«nbmsW¶v AXv \nÝnX {]t^mÀabnembncn¡Ww. hnhcw F¶mWv In«nbXv, AdÌv sNbvXsX¶v, t]meokv HmôkÀ kµÀin¨ Øe§Ä, C³shÌntKj³ Ahkm\n¸n¨ Xo¿Xn, C³shÌntKj³ kba¯v t]meokv hnkvXcn¨ km£nIfpsS t]cv hnemkw XpS§nb C³shÌntKjsâ hnhn[ L«§fnep−mbn«pff Imcy§Ä Cu UbdnbnÂ D−mbncn¡Ww. Cu Ubdn hcp¯n ]cntim[n¡m\pff A[nImcw aPnkvt{S«n\p−v. t]meokv C³shÌntKj³ \S¯nbXv F{]Imcambncp¶psh¶v tImSXnbv¡v ]cntim[n¨v a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pth−nbmWv C¯c¯nepff Ubdn ]cn]men¡p¶Xv. Cu Ubdn sXfnhmbn FSp¡mdnÃ. At\zjW DtZymKØ³ tImSXnbnÂ km£n ]dbp¶ Ahkc¯nÂ Xsâ HmÀ½ ]pXp¡p¶Xn\v Cu Ubdn D]tbmK{]ZamIp¶XmWv. P\dÂ Ubdn

kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ {]t^mÀa {]Imcapff Hcp ]pkvXIw FÃm t]meokv tÌj\nepw kq£n¨ncnt¡−XmWv. Cu ]pkvXI¯n\v P\dÂ Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v t]meokn\v e`nbv¡p¶ FÃm hnhc§fpw tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff HmôkÀ Cu ]pkvXI¯nÂ tcJs¸Spt¯−XmWv. tImSXnbv¡v hnNmcWbv¡v BhiyamsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Cu Ubdn lmPcm¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv. DbÀ¶ t]meokv DtZymKØÀ X§fpsS \nb{´W¯nepff t]meokv tÌj\nÂ kq£n¨n«pff P\dÂ Ubdn icnbmb hn[¯nÂ ]cn]men¨phcp¶pt−m F¶v ]cntim[nt¡−XmWv.

C³IzÌv Inquest (sk£³ 174 Dw 176 ) Hcp aPnkvt{S« ct−m AXnÂ IqSpXtem am\y³amcmb km£nIfpsS km¶n²y¯nÂ arXtZlw ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\mWv C³IzÌv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ acWImcWhpw, apdnhnsâ hnhc§fpw, FÃn\v D−mbn«pff £X§fpw, icoc¯nÂ ImWs¸« aäp ]cp¡pIsf¡pdn¨pw tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw. acn¨bmfpsS icoc¯nÂ C¯cw ASbmf§Ä D−mhp¶Xn\v ImcWambn«pffXv FXp D]IcWsIm−v GXp Xc¯nepff {]tbmKamWv \S¯nbncn¡p¶sX¶pw aäpw dnt¸mÀ«nep−mbncn¡pw.

C³shÌntKj³ (Investigation) Hcp t]meokv Hmôktdm aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ atäsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶

At\zjW¯n\mWv C³shÌntKj³ F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. C³shÌntKj\pw C³Izbdnbpw Htc Imcy¯nsâ AÀ°ambn IW¡m¡s¸Smdps−¦nepw {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ Cu c−v hm¡pIÄ¡pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWv \ÂInbn«pffXv. sXfnhn\v Bhiyamb FÃm hn[Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv. Hcp {Sbensâ `mKambÃmsX Hcp aPnkvt{St«m Hcp tImSXntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamWnXv Pmayw

tImSXn Bhiys¸Sp¶ kab¯pw Øe¯pw tImSXn Bhiys¸St¼mÄ tImSXnbv¡v ap¶nÂ lmPcmbns¡mffmsa¶ hyhØbnÂ Hcmsf \nba]camb IÌUbnÂ \n¶v hnSpXÂ sN¿p¶Xn\mWv Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

s]än tIkpIÄ (Petty Offences) sk£³ 206 (2)

1000 cq] hsc am{Xw ]ng hn[n¡mhp¶ GXp Ipä§fpw eLphmb Ipä§Ä F¶ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶p. eLphmb Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯nÂ aPnkvt{S«n\v sk£³ 216 \v hnt[bambn k½dn hnNmcWbneqsS tIkv XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw tIkpIfnÂ I£n t\cnt«m AsÃ¦nÂ I£n¡pth−n Hcp h¡otem \nÝnX XobXn¡v tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v Adnbn¨p sIm−v aPnkvt{S«v Hcp ka³kv I£n¡v Abbv¡p¶p. Ipäw k½Xnbv¡p¶ ]£w B hnhcw FgpXnbdnbn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ka³knÂ ]dªn«pff ]ng kwJybpw tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶p. I£n tImSXnbnÂ lmPcmIphm³ Dt±in¡p¶nÃmsb¦nÂ Cu Ipäk½X ]{Xhpw ]ng kwJybpw h¡oÂ aptJ\ I£n¡v tImSXnbnÂ lmPcm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 206 (1) Unt\mthm {SbÂ

GsX¦nepw Hcp tIknÂ {]Xntb in£n¡pItbm shdpsX hnSpItbm sNbvXn«pffXns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ tIkv hnNmcW \S¯nb AtX tImSXntbmSv Xs¶ {]kvXpX tIknÂ Hcp ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯m³ A¸eäv tImSXn D¯chnSp¶Xns\bmWv Unt\mthm {SbÂ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

{]Xnsb shdpsX hn«n«pffXns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸oÂ kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ A¸oÂ tImSXn sk£³ 386 (F) {]Imchpw {]Xnsb in£n¨Xns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸oÂ

48

kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ A¸oÂ tImSXn sk£³ 386 (_n) {]ImchpamWv ]p\À hnNmcWbv¡pff \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶Xv.

_meIpähmfnIÄ (Juvenile offender ) _meIpähmfnIfpsS hnNmcWbv¡v {]tXyI A[nImc{]ImcamWv _me IpähmfnIsf

hnNmcWsNt¿−sX¶v {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnÂ sImSp¯n«p−v. IpäIrXy¯nÂ GÀs¸Sp¶ kab v̄ 16 hbÊnÂ Xmsb {]mbap−mbncp¶hscbmWv _me IpähmfnIfmbn IW¡m¡p¶Xv. h[in£ Poh]cy´w XShv F¶nht]mepff in£IÄ ChÀ¡v \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. ChcpsS tIkv hnNmcW sN¿m³ A[nImcapffXv No^v PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbvt¡m AsÃ¦nÂ Cu IpähmfnIfpsS ]p\c[nhmk¯n\pw ]cnioe\¯n\pw NnInÕbv¡pambn 1960 se _me \nba{]Imctam AsÃ¦nÂ aäp \nba§fmtem \nÀ½nXamb {]tXyI tImSXnbvt¡m Bbncn¡pw.

hmd−v tIkv (Warrant Case S. 2 x ) h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm 2 hÀj¯nÂ IqSpXÂ in£tbm e`nbv¡mhp¶

IpäIrXy§fpambn _Ôs¸«n«pff tIkmWv hmd−v tIkv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. FÃm tIkpIsfbpw

hmd−v tIkv F¶pw ka³kv tIkv S. 2 W F¶pw {Inan\Â \S]Sn kwlnXbnÂ c−mbn Xncn¨n«p−v. tIkpIfpsS Kucha\pkcn¨mWv C§s\ XcwXncn¨n«pffXv. hmd−v tIkv Kuch kz`mhapff tIkpIfpw ka³kv tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkpIfpWpamWv. kp{]ow tImSXn

C³Uybnse ]ctam¶X \oXn]oTamWv kp{]owtImSXn. Hcp No^v PÌnkpw 25 PUvPnamcpw AS§p¶XmW kp{]owtImSXn. `cWLS\m XXz§Ä, auenImhImi§Ä, P\m[n]Xyaqey§Ä F¶nhbpsS ImhÂamemJbmbn kp{]owtImSXn. {]hÀ¯nhcp¶p. auenImhImi§fpsS kwc£WamWv kp{]owtImSXnbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« IÀ¯hyw. kp{]ow tImSXn {]Jym]n¡p¶ \nbaw C³Uybnse FÃm tImSXnIsfbpw _m[n¡p¶Xmbncn¡psa¶v A\ptÑZw 141 Â ]dbp¶p. sslt¡mSXn `cWLS\bpsS 214 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn v̈ Øm]nXambn«pff sslt¡mSXn Xv. Hcp No^vPÌnkpw ImemIme§fnÂ \nban¡p¶nSt¯mfw PUvPnamcpw sslt¡mSXnbnep−mbncn¡pw. Hcp sslt¡mSXn hn[nbnse \nba§Ä B sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcmXnÀ¯nbnepff {]tZi§fnse tImSXnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw A\pkcn¡Ww. dn«pIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡m\pff A[nImcw sslt¡mSXnbv¡pap−v. `cWLS\ 215 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v sslt¡mSXn tImÀ«v Hm^v sd¡mÀUv BWv. AXmbXv B tImSXnbnse tcJIÄ aäp \S]Sn{Ia§Ä IqSmsXXs¶ sXfnhnÂ kznImcyamWv. IqSmsX sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcs¯ Ahtlfn¡p¶ tImÀ«e£yt¡kpIÄ B tImSXnbv¡v Xs¶ hnNmcW sNbvXv in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. tImSXnbpsS `cW]camb Imcy§Ä \nb{ń¡p¶Xn\pff N«§Ä D−m¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv. skj³ tISXn

skj³ tImSXnbnÂ t{]mknIyqj³ `mKt¯¡v tIkv \S¯p¶Xv kÀ¡mÀ \nban¡p¶ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv. {]Xn skj³kv tImSXnbnÂ lmPcmbn¡gnªv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À {]mknIyqj³ `mK¯p \n¶papff Ipämtcm]W§pfSP hnhcWhpw sXfnhpIfsS kz`mhpw tImSXnsb [cn¸n¡p¶ tdm]knIyqjtâbpw {]Xn`mK¯ntâbpw hmZ§Ä tI« tijw aPnkvt{S«v

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nÂ sk£\nÂ aPnkvt{S«pamsc Ipdn v̈ ]dbp¶p. c−v Xc¯nepff aPnt{Ì«pamcp−v. PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pamcpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpw. {Inan\Â tIkpIÄ tIÄ¡p¶ \ymbm[n]³amcmWnhÀ. tIkv hnNmcW sNbvXv, sXfnshSp v̄, Ipämtcm]W¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄ IpähmfnbmtWm F¶p Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«pamcmWv. s]mXpP\§Ä¡v hn\miIcamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ XSbpI, IpäIrXy§Ä, kam[m\ ewL\w, F¶nh XSbpIbpw kwc£W \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿m³ NpaXes¸« aPnkvt{S«pamsc FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶pw ]dbp¶p. IeIvSÀ, BÀ.Un.H. sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ apXembhÀ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcmWv. aPnkvt{S«v {Inan\Â tIkpIÄ tIÄ¡p¶ \ymbm[n]³amsc aPnkvt{S«v F¶p ]dbp¶p. tIkv hnNmcW sNbvXv sXfnshSp¯v Ipämtcm]W¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄ IpähmfnbmtWm AÃtbm F¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xn\pff A[nImcw PpUojyÂ aPnkvt{S«n\p−v. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v : {Inan\Â s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) {]Imcw \nbanX\mIp¶ aPnkvt{S«mWv PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v. PnÃm IeIvSsdbmWv PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶Xv.. PnÃbnse AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v HgnsIbpff aäv FÃm FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsSbpw ta[mhn PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbncn¡pw.

Education

Notes on criminal procedure code