Oracle для профессионалов

Oracle

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DiaSoft -

2003

681.3. 06(075) 32.973.2

91

91 Oracle . . ./- .: , 2003. 672 .

ISBN 5-93772-072-5

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32.973.2

Authorized translation from the English language edition, entitled Expert One-on-One Oracle, 1st Edition byKyte, Thomas, published by Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Wrox Press Ltd,

Copyright 2002All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system,without permission from Pearson Education, Inc.

Russian language edition published by DiaSoft Publishing.Copyright 2003 Wrox Press Ltd. ,

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ISBN 5-93772-072-5 (.) . , 2003ISBN 1-861004-82-6 (.) Wrox Press Ltd, 2002

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240 / ? 241 SET TRANSACTION 241'ORA-01555: snapshot too old' 242

243 247 249

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259 260 PCTFREE PCTUSED 263

264 PCTFREE PCTUSED 266

INITIAL, NEXT PCTINCREASE 270 MINEXTENTS MAXEXTENTS 271 LOGGING NOLOGGING 271 INITRANS and MAXTRANS 271

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StatsPack 576 V$ 595

V$EVENT_NAME 595 V$FILESTAT V$TEMPSTAT 596 V$LOCK 596 V$MYSTAT 596 V$OPEN_CURSOR 597 V$PARAMETER 599 V$SESSION 599 V$SESSION_EVENT 601 V$SESSION_LONGOPS 602 V$SESSION_WAIT 602 V$SESSTAT 602 V$SESS_IO 602 V$SQL V$SQLAREA 603 V$STATNAME 603 V$SYSSTAT 603 V$SYSTEM_EVENT 603

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OUTLN_PKG 632 OUTLN_PKG.DROP_UNUSED 633 OUTLN_PKG.DROP_BY_CAT 633 OUTLN_PKG.UPDATE_BY_CAT 633

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ANALYZE_DATABASE 1724 FORMAT_ERROR_STACK 1724 FORMAT_CALL_STACK 1726 GET_TIME 1729 GET_PARAMETER_VALUE 1730

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tkyte@DEV816> create or replace procedure StaticEmpProc(p_job in varchar2)2 as3 begin4 for x in (select ename from emp where job = p_job)5 loop6 dbms_output.put_line(x.ename);7 end loop;8 end;9 /

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alter table add constraint emp_pk primary key(empno);alter table dept add constraint dept_pk primary key(deptno);alter table emp add constraint emp_fk_dept

foreign key (deptno) references dept;alter table emp add constraint emp_fk_emp foreign key(mgr) references emp;

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define _editor=vi

set serveroutput on size 1000000

set trimspool onset long 5000set linesize 100set pagesize 9999column plan_plus_exp format a80

column global_name new_value gnameset termout offselect lower(user) || ' 8 ' ||decode(global_name, 'ORACLE8.WORLD', '8.0', 'ORA8I.WORLD','8i' , global_name) global_name from global_name;set sqlprompt '&gname>set termout on

:

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SET TRIMSPOOL ON , . , OFF, LINESIZE.

SET LONG 5000 , LONG CLOB.

SET LINESIZE 100 SQL*Plus 100 .

SET PAGESIZE 9999 PAGESIZE, , - SQL*Plus , , .

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column global_name new value gname

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select lower(user) || ' @ ' ||decode(global_name, 'ORACLE8.WORLD', '8.0', 'ORA8I.WORLD','8i', global_name) global_name from global_name;

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31

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tkyte@TKYTE816> @connect scott/tiger,

CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER. - , , SERVEROUTPUT.

AUTOTRACE SQL*Plus -

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EXPLAIN PLAN . "Oracte8i Designing and Tuning for Performance". SQL*Plus AUTOTRACE,

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[ORACLE_HOME]/rdbms/admin; SQL*Plus SYSTEM; @utlxplan;

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM PLAN_TABLE FOR PLAN_TABLE; GRANT ALL ON PLAN_TABLE TO PUBLIC.

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@UTLXPLAN , AUTOTRACE.

PLUSTRACE:

[ORACLE_HOME]/sqlplus/admin; SQL*Plus SYS; @plustrce;

GRANT PLUSTRACE TO PUBLIC.

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AUTOTRACE.

SET AUTOTRACE OFF AUTOTRACE . .

SET AUTOTRACE ON EXPLAIN AUTOTRACE .

SET AUTOTRACE ON STATISTICS AUTOTRACE

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SQL.SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY SET AUTOTRACE ON,

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ID_PLUS_EXP PARENT_ID_PLUS_EXP .

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create or replace package body my_pkgas

g_variable varchar2(25);procedure p(p_variable in varchar2)is

l_variable varchar2(25) ;begin

null;end;

end;/

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create procedure p(ENAME in varchar2)asbegin

for x in (select * from emp where ename = ENAME) loopdbms_output.put_line(x.empno);

end loop;end;

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tkyte@TKYTE816> create or replace and compile2 Java source named "demo"3 as4 import java.sql.SQLException;

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tkyte@TKYTE816> drop Java source "demo";

Java dropped.

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2 type rc is ref cursor;3 l_rc rc;4 l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;5 l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;6 begin7 for i in 1 . . 10008 loop9 open l_rc for

10 'select object_name11 from all_objects12 where object_id - ' || i;13 fetch l_rc into l_dummy;14 close l_rc;15 end loop;16 dbms_output.put_line17 (round((dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2) ||18 ' seconds...');19 end;20 /

14.86 seconds...

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL ALL_OBJECTS. 1000 1, 2, 3, ... , WHERE. Pentium 300 15 ( - ).

:

tkyte@TKYTE816> declare2 type rc is ref cursor;3 l_rc rc;4 l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;5 l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;6 begin7 for i in 1 . . 1000

49

50 18 loop9 open l_rc for

10 'select object_name11 from all_objects12 here object_id = :x'13 using i;14 fetch l_rc into l_dummy;15 close l_re;16 end loop;17 dbms_output.put_line18 (round((dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2) ||19 ' seconds...');20 end;21 /

1.27 seconds.. .


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2 as3 select * from all_users;

Table created.

tkyte@TKYTE816> variable x refcursortkyte@TKYTE816> begin

2 open :x for select * from t;3 end;

4 /


tkyte@TKYTE816> delete from t;

18 rows deleted.

txyte@TKYTE816> commit;

Commit complete.

tkyte@TKYTE816> print x

USERNAME USER ID CREATED

SYSSYSTEMDBSNMPAURORA$ORB$UNAUTHENTICATEDORDSYSORDPLUGIMSMDSYSCTXSYS

DEMO18 rows selected.

0 04-NOV-005 04-KOV-0016 04-HOV-0024 04-NOV-0025 04-NOV-0026 04-NOV-0027 04-NOV-0030 04-NOV-OO

57 07-PEB-01

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no rows selected

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no rows selected

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[email protected]> alter session set cursor_sharing=force;Session altered.

[email protected]> select * from dual where dummy='X' and 1=0;select * from dual where dummy='X' and 1=0

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ERROR at line 1:ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended

[email protected]> alter session set cursor_sharing=exact;Session altered.

[email protected]> select * from dual where dummy='X' and 1=0;no rows selected

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C:\Documents and Settings\Thomas Kyte\Desktop>tlist 10721072 ORACLE.EXE

: C:\oracle\DATABASE\CmdLine: c:\oracle\bin\ORACLE.EXE TKYTE816VirtualSite: 144780 KB PeakVirtualSize: 154616 KBWorkingSetSize: 69424 KB PeakNorkingSetSize: 71208 KBNumberOfThreads: 11

0 Win32startAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Hin32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32stertAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddx:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized5 Win32StartAddr:0x00000000 LastErr:0x00000000 State:Initialized0.0.0.0 shp0x00400000 ORACLE.EXE

5.0.2163.1 shp0x77f80000 ntdll.dll0.0.0.0 shp0x60400000 oraclient8.dll

830.0.0.0 shp0x606000000.0.0.0 shp0x60800000

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[ORACLE_HOME]\network\admin :ORA816.US.ORACXE.COM =

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Tablespace created.

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NAME VALUE

session uga memory 67532session uga memory max 71972session pga memory 144688session pga memory max 144688

4 rows selected.

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102 , PGA/UGA :tkyte@TKYTE816> show parameter sort_area

NAME TYPE VALUE

sort_area_retained_size integer 65536sort_area_size integer 65536

tkyte@TKYTE816> set pagesize 10tkyte@TKYTE816> set pause ontkyte@TKYTE816> select * from all_objects order by 1, 2, 3, 4;

...( Control- ) ...

tkyte@TKYTE816> set pause off

tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b3 where a.statistic# = b.statistic#4 and a. name like ' %ga % '

5 /

NAME VALUE


4 rows selected.

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tkyte@TKYTE816> alter session set sort_area_size=1000000;

Session altered.

tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b3 where a.statistic# = b.statistic#4 and a.name like '%ga %'5 /

NAME VALUE


2

4 rows selected.

tkyte@TKYTE816> show parameter sort_area

NAME TYPE VALUE

sort_area_retained_size integer 65536

sort_area_size integer 1000000

tkyte@TKYTE816> select * from all_objects order by 1, 2, 3, 4;

...( Control-C ) . . .

tkyte@TKYTE816> set pause off

tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b3 where a . s t a t i s t i c # = b . s t a t i s t i c #4 and a.name like "%ga %'5 /

NAME VALUE


4 rows selected.

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tkyte@TKYTE816> alter session set sort_area_retained_size=1000000;Session altered.

tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b3 where a.statistic# = b.statistic#4 and a.name like ' %ga %'5 /

NAME VALUE


4 rows selected.

103

104 2tkyte@TKYTE816> show parameter sort_area

TYPE VALUE

sort_area_retained_size integer 1000000sort_area_size integer 1000000

tkyte@TKYTE816> select * from all_objects order by 1, 2, 3, 4;

...( Control-C ) ...

tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b3 where a.statistic# * b.statistic#4 and a.name like '%ga %'5 /

NAME VALUE


4 rows selected.

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tkyte@TKYTE816> exec dbms_session.free_unused_user_memory;


tkyte@TKYTE816> select a.name, b.value2 from v$statname a, v$mystat b

. 3 where a.statistic# = b.statistic#4 and a.name like '%ga %'5 /

VALUE


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105

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tkyte@TKYTE816> compute sum of bytes on pooltkyte@TKYTE816> break on pool skip 1tkyte@TKYTE816> select pool, name, bytes

2 from v$sgastat3 order by pool, name;

POOL NAME BYTES

Java pool

sum

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free memorysession heap

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183664642605056

20971520

607952064480

6144000

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997396452556

107

sum

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db_block_buffersfixed_sgalog buffer

4144356

140301223115256274440000127920

211509219812368000588722792520

18322028

245760007092466560

24713484

43 rows selected.

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log_buffer integer 1

SVRMGR> select * from v$sgastat where name = 'log_buffer';POOL NAME BYTES

log_buffer 66560

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tkyte@TKYTE816> s e l e c t * from v$sga where name = 'Redo Buffers ';

NAME VALUE

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tkyte@TKYTE816> select file_id, block_id2 from dba_extents3 where segment_name = 'DUAL' and owner = 'SYS';

FILE_ID BLOCK_ID

1 465

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sys@TKYTE816> select tcn from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=465;TCH

10

sys@TKYTE816> select * from dual;

D

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sys@TKYTE816> select tch from x$bh where f i l e # = 1 and dbablk=465;

TCH

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sys@TKYTE816> select * from dual;

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sys@TKYTE816> select tch from x$bh where file# = 1 and dbablk = 465;

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sys@TKYTE816> select sum (bytes) from v$sgastat where pool = 'shared pool';SUM (BYTES)

183220281 row selected.

113

SHARED_POOL_SIZE:sys@TKYTE816> show parameter shared_pool_sizeNAME TYPE VALUE

shared_pool_size string 15360000SVRMGR>

, SUM(BYTES) FROM V$SGASTAT , - SHARED_POOL_SIZE. -, .

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5 and b.audsid = userenv( ' sess ion id ' )6 /

DEDICATED CLIENTPID

7055 7054

[email protected]> !/bin/pa -lp 7055F S DID PID PPID PRI HI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD8 S 30174 7055 7054 0 41 20 61ac4230 36815 639b1998 ? 0:00 oracle

[email protected]> !/bin/pa -lp 7054F S UID PID PPID PRI N1 ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD8 S 12997 7054 6783 0 51 20 63eece30 1087 63eece30 pts/7 0:00 sqlplus

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