History of the

Philippines

The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. The first recorded visit from the west is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon Island, southeast of Samar on March 16, 1521. Prior to Magellan’s arrival, there were Negrito tribes who roamed the isles but they were later supplanted by Austronesians.

History of the Philippines

These groups then stratified into: hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior-societies, petty plutocracies and maritime oriented harbor principalities which eventually grew into kingdoms, rajanates, principalities, confederations and sultenates. States such as the Indianized Rajahnate of of Butuan and Cebu, the dynasty of Tondo, the august Kingdoms of Maysapan and Maynila. The Confederation of Madyaas, the sinified Country of Mai, as well as the Muslim Sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao.

NAMES GIVEN FOR PHILIPPINES:

The official name “ Filipinas” was given to the archipelago in 1543 by the ill-starred Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, in honor of Prince Felipe ( Philip) of Asturias, who later became King Philip II, the gretest King of Spain.

Other Names given for Philippines:a.Gems of the Eastb. Treasure Islands of the

Pacificc. Isles of Feard. Isles of Hopee. Orphans of the Pacificf. Land of the Morningg. Pearl of the Orient

Why Philippines is considered a unique nation?

There are four reasons:•Religion- Filipinos are predominantly Christians• Polital Historya. Philippines is the first Republic in Asia, being the first

to achieve independence by revolution and establish a Republic led by General Emilio Aguinaldo in 1898-1901.

b. The first Southeast Asian Nation to secure independence by voluntary decolonization of a colonial power after the second World was in 1946.

c. It led the world in waging a “ People Power Revolution to oust a dictator by peaceful and prayerful means in 1986.

Land area of the Philippines

•Luzon- Philippines largest island with a total land area of 40,814 sq. m., which is bigger than Hungary and Portugal.

• Mindanao- Second largest island with a total land area of 38,906 sq. m. Which is bigger than Austria.

• Visayas- 3rd largest island with a total land area of 36,087 sq. m.

Physical Features:* Highest mountain- Mt. Apo ( 9,600 ft, high in Mindanao.•Lowest Spot- Philippine Deep, situated off the pacific coast of the archipelago with 37,782 ft. Deep.• San Juanico Strait- the narrowest strait in the world between Samar and Leyte.• Manila Bay- one of the finest harbors in the Asian World, with the historic Corregidor Island standing guard as its entrance.• Central Plain in Luzon- largest plain and known as the “ Rice granary of the Philippines.• Cagayan Valley- also in Luzon, is the Asia’s greatest tobacco producing region.•Cagayan River- longest river in the Philippines where to bacco is being drained.• Laguna de Bay- largest lake in the country.

MGA SINAUNANG TAO1.Tabon Man - Natagpuan sa

Tabon Cave, Palawan-Homo Sapiens-22-25.000 BP- Malamang ay babae

TABON CAVE, PALAWAN

Who are the Negritos?The Negrito (/nɪˈɡriːtoʊ/) are several ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia. Their current populations include Andamanese peoples of the Andaman Islands, Semang peoples of Malaysia, the Mani of Thailand, and the Aeta, Agta, Ati, and 30 other peoples of the Philippines.

Negritos

Indonesians

The largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese who make up about 40% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java but millions have migrated to other islands throughout the archipelago because of the transmigration program.[3] The Sundanese, Malay, and Madurese are the next largest groups in the country.[3] Many ethnic groups, particularly inKalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong toAustronesian language family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua, speak Papuan languages. The Tionghoa population makes up a little less than 1% of the total Indonesian population according to the 2000 census.[3] Some of these Indonesians of Chinese descent speak variousChinese dialects, most notably Hokkien and Hakka.

MalaysMalays (Malay: Melayu, Jawi: ماليو) are an ethnic group of Austronesian peoplespredominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world. These locations today are part of the modern nations of Malaysia, Indonesia,Singapore, Brunei and southern Thailand.

Visayas Pintados, Boxer Codex

William Dampier, Giolo A New Voyage Round The World , 1697

Writings

* Petroglyph on the Western

coast of Hawaii

* An ancient Austronesian manuscript known as

Baybayin

Filipino Revolts Against SpainCauses of Revolts. There were many causes of the Filipino revolts in Spain. The list below shows the different causes of the revolts.

Dagohoy’s Revolt ( 1744-1829 ) – it lasted for 85 years and this had been the longest revolt. Silang’s Revolt ( 1762-63 ) – Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela led this famous revolt in Ilocos. First Pampanga Revolt ( 1585 ) – brave Pampangueno leaders plotted with the people in Manila. Revolt Against the Tribute ( 1589 ) – one of the earliest revolt against the tribute ( residence tax ) started in Cagayan and Ilocos. Sumuroy’s Revolt ( 1649-50 ) – Sumuroy, a native Palapag, Samar, led them in an armed revolt. Agrarian Revolt ( 1745-46 ) This revolt was due to land grabbing by Spaniards who took over their ancestral lands.

Basi Revolt ( 1807 ) – It was all about the love for a homemade wine from sugarcane called basi. The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule, ( 1840-41 ) this was the revolt for religious freedom in the Tagalog Provinces.

Causes of Revolts:1. Our love for freedom and independence2. Abuses of Spanish encomenderos3. Tribute ( residence tax )4. Forced Labor5. Land grabbing by the friars6. Basi ( wine ) monopoly7. Religion

The Propaganda Movement and the Katipunan

Causes of Nationalism. When the people of a nation become united and work together for a common aims, this is called “ nationalism” . It also means devotion to one’s country, or fighting for its independence.

The causes of the birth of Philippine nationalism in the 19th century were as follows:1. New ideas from abroad about the freedom and

the rights of men.2. Opening of the Suez Canal3. Race prejudice against Filipino4. The Spanish Revolution of 18685. The Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za

The Propagandist . They were mostly college students or young professionals.

La Solidaridad. Published their crusade for reforms in forthnightly newspaper. It was founded by Garciano Lopez Jaena, its first editor.Its first issue appeared in Barcelona, Spain on February 15,1889.

> Rizal and the Liga Filipina. The National Hero of the Philippine is Dr. Jose Rizal. He was a great lover of his country. He was born at Calamba, Laguna on June 19,1861. He was the seventh of eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo, a well-to-do and educated family. He is a physician, writer, scientist, linguist, sportsman, inventor, and prophet. His two novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were banned by Spanish authorities in the Philippines but they were loved by the Filipinos. He died at Bagumbayan ( Luneta ) on December 30,1896 because he was shot by firing squad.

The Philippine RevolutionIt began in 1896 and really ended only in 1901. At first, it was a war of independence against the Spain. Later, it turned into a war of independence against the United States, because the American imperialists replaced the Spaniards. The first part of revolution was a success because the Filipinos got rid of the Spaniards. But it was a very bloody revolution. Many lives were lost and many best heroes were killed during the revolution. It lead by Andres Bonifacio together with the katipuneros.

Causes of Revolution of 1986 were as follows:1. The abuses of Spanish officials and priests;2. Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended

the rights of their fellow countrymen;3. Filipinos’ desire to regain their independence;

and4. Discovery of the Katipunan and Bonifacio’s call

for revolution.

HISTORICAL VALUES IN PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

•The Filipinos lost many battles and live because the revolution was not really planned well. They were only forced because of the discovery of the Katipunan.• Nothing can stop people who are determined to fight for their freedom. Many Filipinos were punished for their part in the revolution. But these martyrs and heroes only made the other Filipinos more willing to fight and even die for their cause.• They rivalry between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo caused the Filipinos to lose many battles and even to fight among themselves. This lack of unity prevented the victory against the Spaniards.

Spanish colonization

Settlement began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s expedition in 1565 who establish the first permanent settlement of San Miguel on the island of Cebu. The expedition continued northward reaching the bay of Manila on the island of Luzon in 1571, where they established a new town and thus began an era of Spanish colonization that lasted for more than three centuries.

Spanish rule achieved political unification of almost the whole archipelago, that previously had been composed by the independent kingdoms and communities, pushing back south the advancing Islamic forces and creating the first draft of the nation that was to be known as the Philippines. Spain also introduced Christianity, the code of law, the oldest Universities and the first public education system in Asia, the western European version of printing, the Gregorian calendar and invested heavily on all kinds of modern infrastructres, such as train networks and modern brigges.

Spanish Setlement and Rule ( 1565-1898 )

•Early Spanish expenditions• Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines on 1521.

Parts of the Philippine Islands were known to Europeans before the 1521 Spanish expedition around the world led by Portuguese-born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was not the first Europeans in the Philippines. Magellan landed on the island called Homonhon, claiming the islands he saw for Spain, and naming them Islas de San Lazaro. He established friendly relations with some of the local leaders especially with Rajah Humabon and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism.

* Ameican period ( 1898-1946 )

Filipinos initially saw their relationship with the United States as that of two nations joined in a common struggle against Spain. However, the United States later distanced itself from the interest of the Filipino insurgents. Aguinaldo was unhappy that the United States would not commit to paper a statement of support fir Philippine Independence. Relations deteriorated and tensions hightened as it became clear that the Americans were in the islands to stay.

Why the American Came to the Phillippines?

These are the reasons:1. The Spanish-American War2. New Lands3. American Bases4. The Policy of “ Manifest Destiny “ 5. The Filipino InvitationHISTORICAL VALUES:1. The Filipinos did not know that the Americans

wanted to make the Philippines a colony. That was why Aguinaldo and the other leaders welcomed the Americans at the beginning.

2. When the Filipinos united under one leader during the second part of the revolution, they had the help of a foreign power, they were successful.

3. The Filipinos declared their own independence on June 12,1898. But the Americans took away our independence and made us a colony again.4. The Filipinos could have captured th city of Manila. But the secret deal between Spain and the United States cheated the Filipinos of the real victory.5. The Filipinos won the revolution against Spain. But Spain gave the Philippines to the United States.

* Philippine-American War

Hostilities broke out on February 4,1899, after two American privates on patrol killed three Filipino soldiers in San Juan, a Manila suburb. This incident sparked the Philippine-American War, which would cost far more money and took far more lives than Spanish-American War. Some 126,000 American soldiers would be commited to the conflict: 4,234 Americans died, as did 16,000 Filipino soldiers who were part of a nationwide guerilla movement of indeterminate numbers.

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS HISTORY

1. Emilio Aguinaldo, 1899-19012. Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-19443. Jose P. Laurel, 1943-19454. Sergio Osmeña, 1944-19465. Manuel Roxas, 1946-19486. Elpidio Quirino, 1948-19537. Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-19578. Carlos P. Garcia, 1957-19619. Diosdado Macapagal, 1961-196510.Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-198611.Corazon Aquino, 1986-199212.Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-199813.Joseph Estrada, 1998-200114.Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-201015.Benigno Aquino III, 2010-present

These are my learnings in

Philippine History

Thank You!

Turned in by:Izza Marie B. Alsola

BSED-II

Turned in to: Ms. Michelle Mateo