PHYSICS PAPER 2SPM

SESUNGGUHNYA SPM ITU

BENAR!

MR REM@

1. Diagram 1 shows the scale of an ammeter. Rajah 1 menunjukkan skala pada sebuah ammeter.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

(a) State the physical quantity that is measured by ammeter in Diagram 1. Nyatakan kuantiti fizik yang diukur oleh ammeter pada Rajah 1.

…………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

Electric current

Remark:Ampere = SI unit for current

(b) What is the range of the ammeter reading shown? Berapakah julat bacaan ammeter yang ditunjukkan?

…………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

0 - 0.5 A

(c) On Diagram 1.1, draw the position of the pointer when the ammeter reading is 0.45 A. Pada Rajah 1.1 lukiskan kedudukan jarum apabila bacaan ammeter adalah 0.45A

[1 mark]

(d) Give one method to avoid parallax error while taking the reading from the ammeter. Berikan satu kaedah untuk mengelakkan ralat parallaks semasa mengambil bacaan dari ammeter

…………………………………………………

[1 mark]

The position of the eye must be perpendicular to the scale of the ammeter

2. Diagram 2 shows a car with a mass of 1000 kg moving forward with a constant velocity. The engine thrust and Y are two forces acting on the car in opposite directions.

The magnitude of engine thrust at this moment is 2000N. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg sedang bergerak ke hadapan dengan halaju seragam. Daya tujah engine dan daya Y ialah dua daya yang bertindak ke atas kereta tersebut pada arah bertentangan. Magnitud daya tujah enjin pada ketika ini adalah 2000N

Diagram 2Rajah 2

(a) (i) Name the force Y acted on the car. Namakan daya Y yang bertindak ke atas kereta tersebut .

……………………………………………………

[1 mark ]

[1 markah]

Drag // air resistance

(ii) State the relationship between engine thrust and Y ? Nyatakan hubungan antara daya tujah engine dan daya Y? ………………………………………………………

[1 mark ] [1 markah]

Engine thrust = Force Y

Remark:Car moves with constant velocity. Forces in equilibrium

(b) The engine thrust is increase to 3200 N Daya tujah engine bertambah kepada 3200 N

(i) Calculate the resultant force on the car at this instant . Hitung daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas kereta itu sekarang.

[1 mark ] [1 markah]

F = 3200 – 2000 = 1200 N

(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the car. Hitung pecutan kereta tersebut.

[2 mark]

F = ma1200 = 1000a a = 1.2 ms-2

3 Diagram 3 shows a block of concrete being lowered to the bottom of a lake. The water pressure, P acts to the concrete block in all direction. The volume of the block is 1.5 m3 and its weight is 125 000N. The density of the water in the lake is 1 000 kg m –3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu bongkah konkrit diturunkan ke dasar

sebuah tasik.Tekanan air , P bertindak keatas blok konkrit itu pada semua arah. Isipadu bongkah itu ialah 1.5 m3 dan beratnya ialah 125 000 N. Ketumpatan air dalam tasik itu ialah 1000 kg m –3.

T

Concrete blockBongkah konkrit

WaterAir

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a) What is the meaning of weight.Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan berat?.

……………………………………………… [1 mark][1 markah]

Gravitational force acting on an object.

(b) State one factor that affects the pressure at a point below the surface of a liquid.

Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan pada

satu titik di bawah permukaan cecair.

…………………………………………… [1 mark]

Depth // density // acceleration due to gravity

Remark: P = h ρ g

(c)(i) Calculate the weight of the water displaced by the block.

Hitungkan berat air yang disesarkan oleh bongkah itu.

[2 marks][2 markah]

Weight of water displaced = ρ V g = 1000 x 1.5 x 10 = 15000N

(ii) Calculate the tension, T, in the cable.Hitungkan tegangan, T, dalam kabel itu.

[2 marks]

T = W – Buoyant force = 125000 – 15000 = 110000N

Remark:T + U = WBuoyant force, U = Weight of water displaced

4. Diagram 4 shows a cooling pad used to lower the temperature of a person having fever. The pad

consists of a gel and is cooled in a refrigerator before it is placed on the forehead of the person to remove the heat.Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu pelapik penyejuk yang digunakan

untuk menurunkan suhu seorang yang demam panas. Pelapik itu mengandungi satu jel dan disejukkan dalam peti sejuk sebelum diletakkan pada dahi orang itu untuk mengeluarkan haba. Cooling pad / Pelapik

penyejuk

Diagram 4 Rajah 4

(a) (i) What is meant by temperature? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan suhu?

…………………………..………………….[1 mark][1 markah]

Degree of hotness of a body

(ii) Explain how the heat is removed from the forehead of the person.

Jelaskan bagaimana haba dikeluarkan dari dahi orang itu.

…………………………..……………………

…………………………..……………………

…………………………..……………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

Gel is cooler than the head

Heat flow from head to the gel

So the head will be cooler // the gel will gain heat (warmer)

(b) The mass of the gel in the pad is 30 g and its’ specific heat capacity is 4.3 J g-1 oC-1. The initial temperature of the pad is 15 oC and the final temperature is 36 oC. Calculate the

amount of heat removed by the pad.Jisim jel dalam pelapik itu ialah 30 g dan muatan

haba tentunya ialah 4.3 J g-1 oC-1. Suhu awal pelapik itu ialah 15 oC dan suhu akhir ialah 36 oC. Hitungkan haba yang dikeluarkan oleh pelapik itu.

[3marks]

Q = mc θ = 30 x 4.3 x (36 -15) = 2709 J

5. Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 show two coconut experiencing free fall and hits surface A and on surface B respectively. Rajah 5.1 dan 5.2 menunjukkan dua biji kelapa masing- masing mengalami jatuh bebas dan menghentam permukaan A dan permukaan B.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

(a) What is meant by free fall? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jatuh bebas?

……………………………………………………[1 mark / markah ]

Falling with acceleration due gravity // fall due to the gravitational force

(b)Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2,

(i)Compare the force on the coconut that strike on Surface A and Surface B.Bandingkan daya pada buah kelapa yang menghentam ke atas Permukaan A dan Permukaan B.

………………………………………………………………

[1 mark / markah ](ii)Compare the time of impact of the coconuts on surface A and surface B.Bandingkan masa hentaman buah kelapa itu pada permukaan A

dan permukaan B. ………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Force in diagram 5.1 is greater

Time of impact in diagram 5.1 is shorter

(iii). State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of impact. Nyatakan hubungan antara daya yang dihasilkan dalam suatu perlanggaran dengan masa hentaman.

……………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](iv) Name the type of force involved in (b) (iii)

Namakan daya yang terlibat dalam (b) (iii).

………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

As the time of impact is decrease the force during collision increase.

Impulsive force

(c) Mark with a ( ) for the correct statement about the change of momentum of the coconuts in both situations above. Tandakan ( ) pada pernyataan yang betul mengenai perubahan momentum pada buah kelapa dalam dua situasi di atas.

The change of momentum of the coconut in Diagram 5.1 is greater than that of the coconut in Diagram 5.2.Perubahan momentum pada buah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.1 adalah lebih besar daripada tbuah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.2.

The change of momentum of the coconut in Diagram 5.2 is greater than that of the coconut in Diagram 5.1.Perubahan momentum pada buah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.2 adalah lebih besar daripada buah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.1.

The change of momentum of the coconut in Diagram 5.1 is equal to that of the coconut in Diagram 5.2.Perubahan momentum pada buah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.1 adalah sama dengan buah kelapa dalam Rajah 5.2.

[1 mark]

√

(d) Suggest one way to ensure that the coconut in Diagram 5.1 will not crack when the coconut hits the surface A and give the reason.Cadang satu cara untuk mempastikan buah kelapa dalam pada Rajah 5.1 tidak akan retak apabila menghentam permukaan A dan berikan sebabnya.

………………………………………………………

…………………………………………

[2 mark][2 markah]

Impulsive force is reduced

Place soft material on surface A

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two identical drinking straws with one end enclosed with plasticine are placed

into two liquids, P and Q, of difference density. The drinking straws are filled with equal mass of fine sand so that they are floating upright.

(a) What is the meaning of density? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ketumpatan?

....................................................................

[1 mark]

Ratio of mass and volume // mass divided by volume

(b) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2. Perhatikan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2.

(i)Compare the length of the drinking straw which immersed in the liquid. Bandingkan panjang penyedut minuman yang tenggelam dalam cecair.

.................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Compare the weight of the drinking straw. Bandingkan berat penyedut minuman.

................................................................. [1 mark]

Length of drinking straw which immersed in the liquid in Diagram 6.2 is more than in Diagram 6.1

Weight of drinking straw in Diagram 6.1 is the same as the weight of drinking straw in Diagram 6.2

(iii) Compare the density of the liquids. Bandingkan ketumpatan cecair itu.

............................................................................................ [1 mark]

(iv) Relate the length of the drinking straw which immersed in the liquid to the density of the liquid. Hubungkaitkan panjang penyedut minuman yang tenggelam dalam cecair dengan ketumpatan cecair itu.

............................................................................................ [1 mark]

Density of liquid P > Density of liquid Q

Length of drinking straw which immersed in the liquid increase as the density of liquid decrease.

(v) Name one other force that acting on the drinking straw that enables it to float upright. Namakan satu daya lain yang bertindak ke atas penyedut minuman yang membolehkan ia terapung tegak.

.................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c) Explain why a hot air balloon can rises upwards and can floats in air. Terangkan mengapa belon udara panas dapat bergerak naik dan dapat terapung di udara.

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

[2 marks]

Buoyant force

The balloon rises because upthrust > total weight of the balloon

The balloon floats because upthrust = total weight of the balloon

7. Diagram 7 shows the set up of apparatus to measure the specific latent heat of vaporization of liquid Y using an

immersion heater of 400 W. Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengukur haba pendam tentu pengewapan cecair Y menggunakan alat pemanas berkuasa 400W.

Diagram 7 Rajah 7

When liquid Y starts to boil, the reading of the balance is recorded and a stopwatch is started. After 5 minutes, the balance reading is taken again.Bila cecair Y mula mendidih, bacaan penimbang direkod dan jam randik dimulakan. Selepas 5 minit, bacaan penimbang direkod semula.

( a ) What is meant by specific latent heat of vaporization? Apakah yang dimaksudkan haba pendam tentu pengewapan?

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

The quantity of the heat energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid phase to the gaseous phase, without change in temperature

( b ) Describe the temperature change during the boiling stage. Give the reason. Huraikan perubahan suhu semasa takat didih. Berikan sebab.

………………………………………………………………………………………

..…………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

The temperature remains constant

The heat is absorbed to overcome the forces of the attractions between the molecules

( c ) Calculate the heat supply by the heater Hitungkan haba yang dibekalkan oleh heater.

[2 marks]

(d )Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporization of liquid Y. Hitungkan nilai haba pendam tentu pengewapan cecair Y.

[1 marks]

Q = Pt = 400 x 5 x 60 = 1.2 x 105 J

Q = ml1.2 x 105 = (447.6 – 412.1) x 10-3 x l l = 3.38 x 106 J

(e)The value of specific latent heat of vaporization of liquid Y obtain from the experiment is higher than the actual value. Give two suggestions to overcome the problem and state the reasons.Suggestion 1:

………………………………………………………………………………………Reason:

...................................................................................Suggestion 2:

………………………………………………………………………………………Reason:

...................................................................................

wrap with cloth // cover the top of the beaker

to avoid heat loss to the surrounding.

the eyes is perpendicular to the scale of the stop watch

to avoid parallax error

8. Diagram 8 shows the graph of force against extension for three springs P, Q and R.

(a) (i) A law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied if the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.

Name this law.

Hooke’s Law

20

40

60

80

100

2 4 6 8 10 12

120

P

Q

R

Extension / cm

Pemanjangan / cm

Force / N

Daya / N

(ii) On the graph in Diagram 8, mark ' X ' at the elastic limit for each spring.

xx

x

(b) The spring stores energy when it is extended.Spring itu menyimpan tenaga apabila diregang.(i) Name the energy stored in the spring when it is

extended.Namakan tenaga yang disimpan dalam spring yang diregang.

..........................................................................................[1 mark]

Elastic potential energy

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in spring R when its extension is 8.0 cm.

Hitung tenaga yang disimpan dalam spring R apabila pemanjangannya 8.0 cm.

[3 marks]Elastic potential energy = ½ Fx = ½ (60)(8) = 240 N cm

@ E = ½ (60)(0.08) = 2.4 J // 2.4 N m

(c) The springs are to be used in a Newton balance to measure a maximum load of mass 8 kg.

Spring-spring tersebut akan digunakan di dalam neraca Newton untuk mengukur beban maksimum berjisim 8 kg.

(i) What is the maximum weight of the load? Berapakah berat maksimum beban itu?

..........................................................................

80 N

(ii) Based on Diagram 8, choose two springs which are suitable to be used in the Newton balance specified

above. Berdasarkan Rajah 8, pilih dua spring yang sesuai untuk digunakan

di dalam neraca Newton tersebut di atas.

…........................................................................................[2 marks]

(iii) Which spring is the most suitable to be used in the Newton balance? Explain your answer.

Spring yang manakah paling sesuai untuk digunakan di dalam neraca

Newton itu. Terangkan jawapan anda.

…...............................................................................................

…...............................................................................................

[2 marks]

Spring P and Q

Spring Q

More sensitive//smaller force constant // Softer // less stiff

Section BBahagian B

[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

9. Diagram 9.1 shows a lorry without load moves at high speed. Suddenly the driver applies the brakes and the lorry moves at some distance

before it come to complete stop.

Diagram 9.2 shows another similar lorry that is loaded with timber moves

at the same speed with the lorry in Diagram 9.1. When the driver suddenly applies the brake the lorry also moves at some distance before it stop.

Diagram 9.1

Diagram 9.2

(a) What is the meaning of speed? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan laju?

[1 mark]

Distance divided by time

(b) Observe Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2. Compare the total mass of the lorries, the distance taken for the lorries to

stop when the same braking force is applied and the time taken for the lorries to stop after the brakes is applied. Relate the total mass on the lorries and the time taken for the lorries to stop after the brakes is applied to make a conclusion about the relationship between the total mass of the lorries and its inertia.

1. The total mass of lorry in Diagram 9.1 is lower2. The distance taken for the lorry to stop in Diagram 9.1 is shorter3. The time taken for the lorry to stop in Diagram 9.1 is shorter4. As the total mass of the lorries increase the time taken to stop increase. 5. As the total mass of the lorry increase the inertia of the lorry also increase.

(c) Based on the physics concept stated in (b) (i) explain why the passenger of a car will moves forward when the moving car is suddenly stop.

(ii) state a method to overcome the problem in (c) (i) (b) and explain your answer.

When the car moves the passenger also move at the same speed of the car,When the brakes is applied, the car stop but the passenger still move forward due to its inertia

Use seat belt Prevent the passenger being thrown forward

(d) Diagram 9.3 shows a car.

Diagram 9.3

Ahmad wants to modify the car to be a safety racing car. State the modifications to be done by Ahmad and give a suitable physics concept for every of the aspect below:

(i)Safety(ii)Shape(iii)Power (iv) Stability (v) Mass

Modification ExplanationThe front shape is long // The steering of the car is elastic //The frame of the car is hard and stiff

To lengthen the time of impact // impulsive force is reduce / hard to bend

Aerodynamic To reduce the air resistance

High engine power Produce high acceleration // Bigger force

Wide tyre // Lower the car’s body // fix spoiler to the car

More Stability // Lower the centre of gravity

Low density material but stiff and strong // no added material

Maximum acceleration //speed

10. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the heating curves obtained when 50 g and 80 g of the solid substance are heated respectively.

The melting point of the substance is 78oC.

Diagram 10.1

Diagram 10.2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of melting point?

The temperature in which a solid substance change to liquid at atmospheric pressure

(ii) Based on the information and the observation on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the mass, the time taken

to reach the melting point and the time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely.

Relate the mass and the time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely to make a deduction on the relationship between the mass and the latent heat of fusion absorbed by the substance.•The mass of substance in Diagram 10.1 less than in Diagram 10.2•Time taken to reach the melting point in Diagram 10.1 less than in Diagram 10.2•Time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely in Diagram 10.1 less than in Diagram 10.2•The greater the mass the longer the time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely.. The greater the mass the greater the latent heat of fusion absorbed.

(b) Diagram 10.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze.

Diagram 10.3

Using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain how the phenomenon of sea breeze occurs.

•In daytime the sun warms the land to higher temperature than the sea.•The land has a lower specific heat capacity than sea- water.•The air above the land is heated and rises The cooler air above the sea moving to land.

(c) Diagram 10.4 shows a design of central heating system used in cold country to heat and keep houses warm.

Diagram 10.4

Suggest and explain how to build a house central heating system which can function effectively based on the following aspects:

•The specific heat capacity of the liquid

•The boiling point of the liquid

• The properties of material used for transmission pipe • The size of the fan used to blow the heat from radiator

Aspect ExplanationHigh specific heat capacity of liquid

Becomes hot faster

High boiling point of liquid Not easily change into vapour

Low rate of rusting material Long lasting // not easily rust

Strong material Not easily breaks

The size of the fan is big To blow large amount of heat

Section CBahagian C[ 20 marks ][ 20 markah ]

Answer any one question from this section.Jawab mana – mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

Reflexology therapy stones

Diagram 11.1

11. Diagram 11.1 shows a man is walking barefooted on the surfaces of the reflexology therapy stones. He exerted the pressure towards the surfaces of the stones.

(a) What is the meaning of pressure?

Force per unit area

(b) Explain, in terms of pressure, how the method of therapy in Diagram 11.1 helps to

cure the man from his illness.

Pressure depends on the surface area in contact.The stone has a smaller surface area.The pressure exerted towards the feet in the contact area is bigger.as pressure is inversely proportional to surface area in contact .

(c) Diagram 11.2 shows a hydraulic system using liquid P.

Liquid P

Piston X Piston Y

LoadForce, F

Diagram 11.2 The surface areas of piston X and piston Y are 0.5 m2 and 2.5 m2 respectively. The load of mass 750 kg is placed on piston Y.

Calculate ;(i)the weight of the load on piston Y.

(ii) the force, F needed to act on piston X to lift the load.

(iii)the distance moved by piston Y, if piston X moves down by 50 cm.

7500 N

F = 1 500 Nm-2

A1h1 = A2h2

0.5 ( 50 x 10-2) = 2.5 h2

h2 = 0.1 m // 10 cm

Brake SystemSistem

brek

Type of fluidJenis

bendalir

Boiling point of the fluid

Takat didh bendalir

Size of piston A and piston B

Saiz omboh A dan omboh B

Material for fluid transmission pipeBahan untuk paip

penghantar bendalir

G WaterAir

LowRendah

A big, B bigA besar, B besar

IronBesi

H OilMinyak

HighTinggi

A small, B bigA kecil, B besar

IronBesi

I OilMinyak

HighTinggi

A big, B smallA besar, B kecil

SteelKeluli

J WaterAir

HighTinggi

A small, B smallA kecil, B kecil

SteelKeluli

Table 11.1 shows the characteristics of four different hydraulic brake systems.

Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the brake systems and determine the most suitable brake system to be used for the purpose of functioning effectively.Give reasons for your choice.

Characteristics ExplanationType of fluid is oil incompressible // does not evaporate

easily // no air bubblesHigh boiling point does not change to gaseous state

easily / does not evaporate easilysurface area of piston A big, piston B small

To produce a high pressure at pedal brake / small force used To produce big force on the disc

Material for fluid transmission pipe made of steel

strong // does not rust easily // does not break easily

I is chosen Type of fluid is oil, High boiling point, surface area of piston A big, piston B small , Material for fluid transmission pipe made of steel

12. Diagram 12.1 shows a cargo ship is sailing in sea water.

Diagram 12.1

(a)Name the physics principle involved which makes the ship float in sea water.

Archimedes Principle

(b) Explain why the ship can float in sea water

(c )Plimsoll lines are marked at the sides of the ship.

(i) State the purpose of plimsoll lines

(ii) Explain why plimsoll lines have many levels.

1. Total density of ship < density of water2. Buoyant Force = Total weight of ship

To ensure the ship will not be overload // ensure the safety of ship

To enable the ship to travel safely in different densities of sea water

Structure of shipsStruktur

kapal

ShapeBentuk

Strength Of the metal usedKekuatan

logam yang digunakan

Ship Base Cross section

areaLuas keratan rentas dasar

kapal

Volume of the air space in the

shipIsipadu

ruangan udara dalam kapal

P StreamlinedLarus

HighTinggi

WideLuas

HighTinggi

Q OvalBujur

LowRendah

WideLuas

HighTinggi

R CircleBulat

HighTinggi

Smalkecil

LowRendah

S StreamlinedLarus

LowRendah

Smallkecil

LowRendah

(d) Table 11.2 shows the characteristics of four structures of ship P, Q, R, and S.

As a researcher in a ship manufacturing company, you are assigned to study the structure used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.

You are given four choices of the structures P, Q, R and S. The table above shows the structures of the boat.

Explain the suitable characteristics of the structure to be used to make the ship.

Determine the most suitable structure to be used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.

Give reasons for your choice.

Characteristics ReasonStreamlined shape To reduce water resistance

High strength of metal

To withstand high water pressure

Wide base cross section area

So that ship can float//prevent from overturn // ship more stable // ship not sink deeper

High volume of air space in the ship

Produce air buoyant force// ship can float

Structure P Streamlined shape, High strength of metal, Wide base cross section area, High volume of air space in the ship

(e)

Diagram 12.2

Diagram 11.2 shows a load X is placed on a wooden block. Both of them is then placed in water of density 1000 kgm-3. The mass of the wooden block is 3 kg and the density is 800 kgm-3.(i)Calculate the volume of water displaced by the load and the wooden block.

Volume of water displaced = Volume of wooden block = m ρ =

8003 = 3.75 x 10-3 m3

(ii) Calculate the mass of the load X .

Weight of load + Weight of wooden block = weight of water displacedWeight of load + Weight of wooden block = ρ V g

Weight of load + (3 x 10) = 1000 x 3.75 x 10-3 x 10

Weight of load + (3 x 10) = 37.5

Weight of load = 37.5 – 30 = 7.5 N

Mass of load = 0.75 kg