M.Usman

Anwar

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Protocols

ContentsWhat is ProtocolNeed Of Protocol Functions of ProtocolsTypes of Protocol

What Is Protocol?When computers communicate with each other , there needs to be a common set of rules & instructions that each computer follows.A uniform set of rules that enables two devices to connect & transmit data to one another.

What Is Protocol?Protocols regulate data transmission among devices as well as within a network of linked devices through both error control & specifying which data compression method to use.

Need of Protocols Protocols are needed for predetermined

understandings for communications.

It helps the smooth functioning of a system, such contribution to a system may benefit or offend you from where you stand. 

Function of Protocols Identifies errors. Applies compression techniques. Protocol Decides:

How to announce sent data. How to announce receive data

How to address data. How data is to be sent.

Types of ProtocolsAs the computers can communicate with each other in different ways that’s why their are several types of protocols.There are two types of protocols based on their use of connections: Connction-Oriented Protocol Connectionless Protocol

Types…There are protocols in each layer of the standard model .

Types…

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol HTTP: Hypertext Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Some common types of protocols are given below:

UDP: User Datagram protocolsICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol SCTP: Stream Control Transmission ProtocolARP: Address Resolution Protocol

Types…

TCP TCP ensures that a sent message is sent

without any loss of data or any mix up of the order of the data.

It will request re-transmission of lost or damaged packets.

TCP is the connection oriented reliable protocol.

Used in the accurate transmission of large amount of data.

HTTP HTTP is used by the World wide web. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because

each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands that came before it.

HTTP defines how messages are formatted & transmitted, what actions web servers & browsers should take in response to various commands

FTP FTP allows you to transfer files from a

server to a client computer. FTP uses internet’s TCP/IP protocols to

enable data transfer.

SMTP SMTP is the most popular protocol for

transferring electronic mail on internet. SMTP specifies the format for the

electronic message along with its route from source computer to destination computer through e-mail servers.

UDP Controls traffic between network devices,

but does not attempt any error correction. It is used for protocols where speed is

more important than accuracy or error correction is handled by the client.

ICMP ICMP is a message control & error-

reporting protocol between a host server & a gateway to the internet.

ICMP uses IP datagrams , but the messages are processed by the IP software not by the user application.

SCTP SCTP is a protocol for transmitting

multiple streams of data at the same time between two end points that have established a connection in a network.

ARP ARP is a protocol for obtaining the

physical address(MAC address) of a device when the IP address(logical address) is known.

When any device wants to send data to another device over the network, it must first determine the MAC address of that device, which use the ARP.