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Received Pronunciation vs General American

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Page 1: Received Pronunciation vs General American
Page 2: Received Pronunciation vs General American

The /r/ is onlypronounced when itis immediatelyfollowed by a vowelsound (linking r)

The /r/ is pronounced in all positions

Water and wine

Water ᵊ

Borrow

Page 3: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

clock / ɒk/ / ɑ k/

model / mɒdl/ ɑ

/

dog / /

Before the voiceless

fricatives , ,

and sometimes before

and

WORD RP GA

loft / / / ɔ

/

cloth

/

ɔ

/

loss

dog / / ɔ

long / / ɔ

WORD RP GA

produc

e

/ /

/

wasn’t

Page 4: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

pass

calf

path

dance

can’t

ranch

sample

Page 5: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

law

bought

horse

Page 6: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

go

phone

cocoa

Page 7: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP:

GA: ᵊ

RP:

GA: ᵊ

RP:

GA: ᵊ

Page 8: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP:

GA:

RP:

GA:

RP:

GA:

RP:

GA:

Page 9: Received Pronunciation vs General American

betterbetter

It consists of pronouncing an

alveolar flap. It sounds like or

Page 10: Received Pronunciation vs General American

Clear or light (front of the tongueraised)

• It occurs beforevowels:

• lake -alone

Dark (the back of the tongue raised)

• It occurs after vowelsand beforeconsonants:

• bell - bels

Dark occurs in allpositions.

• lake - bell- alone

Page 11: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• Post alveolar. The tongue is slightlycurled backwards with the tip raised(retroflexion)

• Pronounced before vowels (in words & phrases) Water and wine

• In some cases although there is no “r” in spelling the sound ispronounced to sound fluent (intrusive

)

• law and order• Greater retroflexion than in RP (the tip

of the tongue is curled back further)

• Pronounced in all positions.

• Red - car - birdɝ bread

• No intrusive

Page 12: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

ballet

attache

WORD RP GA

address

cigarette

WORD RP GA

weekend

WORD RP GA

auditory

dictionary

Page 13: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP

-our -ou- -ae/oe-

colour,

favour

honour

mould,

moult

mediaeval,

amoeba

GA

-or -o- -e-

color,

favor,

honour

mold,

molt

medieval,

ameba

RP

en- -

dgemen

t

-re -ce

enclos

e,

ensure

judgement centre,

theatre

defence,

licence

GA

in- -dgment -er -se

inclose

, insure

judgment center,

theater

defense,

license

RP

-ise -xion doubled

consonant

apologise,

capitalise

inflexion,

connexion

travelling, counsellor

GA

-ize -ction single

consonant

apologize,

capitalize

inflection,

connection

traveling, counselor

Page 14: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP

Hypenated words Retains French

diacritics

ash-tray, flower-pot Café, élite, fiancée

GA

Fused or two separate

words

Diacritics is not

necessary

Ashtray, flower pot Café, elite, fiancee

RP

single “l” -gg- -st Others

skilful, fulfil faggot,

waggon

amidst,

amongst

cheque,

plough

GA

double

“l”

-g- No ending Others

skilfull,

fulfill

fagot, wagon amid,

among,

check, plaw

Page 15: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP has regular and irregular verbs. In GA many irregular verbs have

become regularized and other forms are more irregular than the RP ones.

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle

RP & GA RP GA RP GA

burn burnt burned burnt burned

dream dreamt dreamed dreamt dreamed

learn learnt learned learnt learned

dive dived dove dived dived

get got got got gotten

Page 16: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• Americans use the present perfect tense less than

speakers of British English

RP GA

Have you done your homework yet? Did you do your homework

yet?

I’ve already done it . I already did it.

Page 17: Received Pronunciation vs General American

Rarely used in GA, except in legal documents.

It is replaced by will (or should in questions with first person

subjects) and won’t in negatives.

RP GA

I shall /will tell you later/I’ll

tell you later

I will tell you later/I’ll tell you

later

I shan’t be able to come. I won’t be able to come.

Shall I drink this now? Should I drink this now?

AUXILIARIES and MODALS

RP GA

They needn't / don’t need to

come to school today.

They don't need to come to

school today.

Page 18: Received Pronunciation vs General American

In both, RP and

GA do can substitute for a simple finite verb phrase and it is

inflected for tense and person.

In RP, this can

occur after most auxiliaries. In GA instead of substitution, a

deletion process is used. Also if there are two aspectual

auxiliaries, the second can be deleted.

DO-substitution (RP only) Deletion (Both RP and

GA)

A: Are you coming with us?

B: Yes, I might do/might. B: Yes, I might.

A: Will you have finished by 8 p.m.?

B: Yes, I will have done/will

have/will.

B: Yes, I will have/will.

Page 19: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP GA

It seemed a long time. It seemed like/to be a long

time.

That sounds a bad idea. That sounds like a bad idea.

In GA it can be followed directly by the adverbs in and out.

In RP it must be follwed first by an infinitive.

RP GA

I wanted to come in. I wanted in.

The dog wants to go out. The dog wants out.

Page 20: Received Pronunciation vs General American

with an object noun which describes an action

(washing or resting)RP GA

I'd like to have a bath. I'd like to take a bath.

RP GA

I have/have got a new car. I have got/have a new car.

Denoting possesion. Both use it, but in RP is informal.

Denoting obligation.

RP GA

I have to leave now. I have got to leave now.

Used only in GA in

some contexts

Contex

t

Usage

Obtain They’ve gotten a new boat.

Becom

e

They’ve gotten interested.

Moved He’s gotten off the chair.

Page 21: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP GA

Candidature Candidacy

Centenary Centennial

Transport transportation

In RP collective nouns can be followed by a singular or plural verb depending

on whether the group is thought of as one idea, or as many individuals. In GA

collective nouns are always followed by a singular verb.

RP GA

Which team is/are losing? Which team is losing?

Page 22: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• When referring to events in the past, RP does not require the definite

article before the phrase next day.

RP GA

Next day, the rains began. The next day, the rains

began.

I saw him next day. I saw him the next day.

• In both, RP and GA, no article is required with count nouns when used in an

abstract-generic sense. However there are a few nouns which need an

article in GA.

RP GA

To be in hospital To be in the hospital

To be at/go to university To be at/go to a university

Page 23: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• In phrases beginning with half followed by some unit of measure, RP

usually requires an indefinite article before the unit of measure. In GA, the

indefinite article can also come before half.

RP GA

Half an hour A half hour or half an hour

Half a dozen. A hlf dozen or half a dozen.

Half a pound. A half pound of half a

pound.

• RP does not use the definite article in the phrase in future in the meaning

“from now on”, while GA does.

RP GA

In future, I’d like you to pay

more attention to detail.

In the future, I’d like you to

pay more attention to detail.

Page 24: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• For names of rivers, RP places the word river before the name of the river,

while GA uses the opposite order.

RP GA

the River Thames. The Mississipi River

The River Liffey. The Hudson River.

• In written standards, especially newspapers, RP generally places personal

attributes after the person named. In GA the attributes tend to precede the

name.RP GA

Margaret Thatcher, the

British Prime Minister,

arrived in Washington

today.

British Prime Minister

Margaret Thatcher arrived

in Washington today.

Page 25: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• In RP the preposition at is used with many time expressions meaning “time

when”. GA uses over and in some cases on.

RP GA

At the weekend/Christmas Over the

weekend/Christmas

• Prepositions used in phrases indicating duration of time .

RP GA

I haven’t seen him for

weeks

I haven’t seen him in weeks

• In and on in non-temporal contexts

RP GA

To be in a team To be on a team

to live in a street to live on a street.

Page 26: Received Pronunciation vs General American

• Prepositions can be deleted in GA before temporal nouns indicating

repetition or habitual action. (nouns must become plural if deletion occurs).

RP GA

He works by day and studies at

night

He works days and studies

nights

• Prepositions are often omitted in GA before a specific date or day of the

week that indicates a time that is not the present.

RP GA

The sale started on Jan. 1st. The sale started Jan. 1

• In phrases denoting a period of time from or after a given time, from is

often deleted in RP, but not in GA.

RP GA

A week this Tuesday A week from this Tuesday

Page 27: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD RP GA

homely Domestic Ugly (of people)

nervy Nervous Bold, full of nerve,

cheeky

pants Underpants Trousers

paveme

nt

Footpath,

sidewalk

Road surface

to tick

off

To scold To make angry

WORD Meaning in common Aditional meaning in

GA

bathroo

m

Room with bath or shower and

sink

Room with toilet only

cute Endearing (e.g. of kittens) Attractive, charming

dumb Mute stupid

Page 28: Received Pronunciation vs General American

WORD Meaning in common Aditional meaning in

RP

Frontier A wild, open space Border between two

countries

Leader One who commands, guides,

directs, is in front

An editorial

To mind To heed, obey To look after (as in mind

the children)

WORD RP usage GA usage

Autumn Common; all styles Uncommon; poetic, formal.

(fall used instead)

Clever Common; positive Less common; usually

negative

Quite Negative or neutral positive

Page 29: Received Pronunciation vs General American

GA only Corresponds to RP

Faucet Tap

RP GA

to ring to call

Tin Can

To tick To check

Sofa couch

RP only Corresponds to GA

Dynamo Generator

Queue Line

Page 30: Received Pronunciation vs General American

RP GA

Jam Jelly

Cooker Stove

Jug Pitcher

RP GA

Jumper Sweater

Handbag Purse

RP GA

Garden Yard

Torch Flashlight

Dustbin Garbage

can

RP GA

Chemist’s shop Drug store

Off-licence

store

Liquor

store

RP GA

Caravan Trailer/mobile

home

Lorry Truck

Underground

railway

subway