TENSES

By:- RAVI RANJAN

CONTENTS• Introduction• Classification based on Time Frame• Classification based on Aspect • Block diagram of Tenses• List of Rules• Present Tense• Past Tense• Future Tense• List of Examples

INTRODUCTION

The word Tense is derived from latin word “tempus” which means time. A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form.

Based on Time frameThe verb tenses may be

categorized according to the time frame:

•Present Tense•Past Tense•Future Tense

Present Tense :---Present tense expresses an

unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action or situation that exists only now. It can also represent a widespread truth.Past Tense :---

Past tense expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past. Future Tense :---

Future tense expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future.

CONTENTS

Based on AspectVerb tenses may also be

categorized according to aspect. Aspect refers to the nature of the action described by the verb. There are four aspects:

• Indefinite or Simple• Continuous or Progressive• Perfect or Complete• Perfect Continuous

PRESENT TENSE

BY:- RAVI RANJAN

Present Tense is further divided into four parts

Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense

BY:- RAVI RANJAN

WHAT IS PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE?

• In Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing said about its completeness. It is used to express an action which happens on a regular basis

USE OF Present Indefinite Tense

The simple present is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that is occurring in the present, at the moment of speaking or writing.

For Example—I play.He / She plays.

Hindi is the way to the end of the sentence the verb, ta hai, ti hai, te

hai , ta hu, te hu, ti hu, te ho, and so felt that the sentence is deemed

present indefinite tense sentence.

IDENTIFICATION OF Present Indefinite

Tense

IDENTIFICATION OF Present Indefinite Tense

in Hindi

• जि�स हि�ंदी वाक्य के क्रि�या के अंत में ता �ै , ती �ै , ते �ै , ता हूँ , ते हूँ , ती �ो , ते �ो , इत्यादिद लगा र�े तो उस

वाक्य को present indefinite tense का वाक्य समझा �ाता �ै.

STRACTUREAFFERMATIVE

• Subject +main verb +s/es +object +other words.

• Example:-• व� सुब� �ल्दी उठता �ै। He gets up early in the

morning.• सूय) पूव) से क्रि+कलता �ै। The sun rises in the east.• मैं स्कूल में पढ़ता हूँ। I study in School.• व� कॉले� में पढ़ता �ै। He studies in college.• कुत्ता भौंकता �ै। Dog barks.• कुत्ते भौंकते �ैं। Dogs bark.• मैं गु�रात में र�ता हँू। I live in Gujarat.• व� अप+े माता- क्रिपता का क�+ा मा+ती �ै। She obeys her

parents.

NOTE:-

• In present indefinite tense, if the subject is third person singular, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added with first form of verb. 

• प्रेज़न्ट इने्डक्रि8+ेट टेन्स में वब) के साथ ''s' या 'es' का प्रयोग तभी करते �ैं �ब वाक्य का सब्�ेक्ट थर्ड) पस)+

 सिसंगुलर �ो ।

PERSON CHART• What is First person, Second person, and Third

person. Person singular number plural

number • First person I

We • Second person you

you• Third person he, she, it,Name

they• प�ला व्यक्ति? मैं �म लोग• दूसरा व्यक्ति? तुम तुम लोग• तीसरा व्यक्ति? व�, व� (स्त्री) , वे लोग +ाम

STRACTURENEGATIVE

• Subject + Do/Does + not + Verb (Ist form) + Object + other words .

• Example:-• आरिर8 सच +�ी बोलता �ै। Arif does not speak the truth.• बच्चे शोर +�ी करते �ैं। Children do not make a noise.• मुझे आपका व्यव�ार पसंद +�ी आता �ै। I do not shirk work.• शेर घास +�ी खाता �ै। Lion does not eat grass.• र�+ी शक्रि+वार को ऑक्रि8स +�ी �ाती �ै। Rajni does not go to office

on Saturday.• तुम्�ें मेरी मदद की �रूरत +�ी �ोती �ै। You do not need my

help.

STRACTUREINTERROGATIVE

• Do/Does + Subject + Verb (Ist form) + Object + ?

• Example:-• क्या पक्षी रो� च�च�ाते �ैं? Do birds chirp daily?• क्या मैं तुम्�ारा क�+ा मा+ता हँू? Do I obey you?• क्या वे मुझसे स�मत �ै? Do they agree with me?• क्या आप मुझे प्यार करते �ैं? Do you love me?• क्या व� भी आपसे प्यार करता �ै? Does he also love you?• क्या व� अप+ी पत्+ी को मार+ा चा�ता �ै? Does he want to

kill his wife?• क्या वर्षाा) ऋतु में रो� बरसात �ोती �ै? Does it rain daily in the

rainy season?

STRACTUREINTERROGATIVE

NEGATIVE• Do/Does + Subject +not + Verb (Ist form) +

Object + (?)• Example:-• क्या पक्षी रो� +�ी च�च�ाते �ैं? Do birds not chirp daily?• क्या मैं तुम्�ारा क�+ा +�ी मा+ता हँू? Do I not obey you?• क्या वे मुझसे +�ी स�मत �ै? Do they not agree with me?• क्या आप मुझे प्यार +�ी करते �ैं? Do you not love me?• क्या व� भी आपसे प्यार +�ी करता �ै? Does he not also love

you?• क्या व� अप+ी पत्+ी को +�ी मार+ा चा�ता �ै? Does he not want

to kill his wife?

STRACTUREINTERROGATIVE

PRONOUN• What Where When How Do/Does + Subject + Verb (Ist

form) Why + Object + (?) Whom Who • Example:-• पक्षी रो� क्यो च�च�ाते �ैं? Why birds chirp daily?• दूध कौ+ पसंद करता �ै? Who does like milk? • मैं तुम्�ारा क�+ा कब मा+ता हँू? When Do I obey you?

STRACTUREINTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

NEGATIVE• What Where When How Do/Does + Subject +not +

Verb Why (Ist form) + Object +

(?) Whom Who • Example:-• पक्षी रो� क्यो +�ी च�च�ाते �ैं? Why birds not chirp daily?• दूध कौ+ पसंद +�ीं करता �ै? Who does not like milk? • मैं तुम्�ारा क�+ा कब +�ी मा+ता हँू? When I not obey you?