IN THAILAND

MEMBERS• PONLAWAT BOONSERM (2) • APHISARA APHIRAKYOTHIN (21) • NATTAGAN ANNOP NA AYUTHAYA (3)• PITCHAYA THAVEESAKVILAI (5)• WARODOM TECHASRISUTEE (7)

SOIL PROBLEMS

CAUSES IMPACTS SOLUTIONS

SOIL PROBLEMSIN THAILAND

NATURAL CAUSES• Heavy rain• Steep slope• Dryness• Disintegration of

Igneous rocks• Crimination of sand• Vitriol on the soil

HUMAN CAUSES• Burning forests• Repetitive crop• Deforestation• Salt farm• Cultivation

Causes of other problemsSoil erosion Destroy

Building, Damage toHuman life

Plants lack of nutrientDeath of plants Lose

Income

PhysicallyShallow water

Government pay for removing

EconomicalAgriculturalproduct

Farmersget low income

Social Agriculturist has low incomes

Invasion forest for earn a living to get more income

• Crop rotation• Inter cropping• Cover cropping • Growing ‘Vetiver Grass’• Reforestation

Soil Organic Matter

SlopingArea

Saline Soil

AcidSulfate Soils

Sandy SoilsSOIL PROBLEMS

IN THAILAND

ORGANIC MATTER LEVEL OF SOILS IN THAILANDSOIL ORGANIC MATTER

Low soil organic matter (SOM) content is widely spread in Thailand

About 60% of lands are classified as areas facing a serious problem of low level of soil organic matter.

CAUSESRemove ground cover plants

Burning forests

Heavy rainfall

Repetitive crop

IMPACTSLow level of soil organic matter

Deterioration of soil physical andchemical properties

Decreasing of agricultural products

SOLUTIONS

Croprotation

Inter cropping

Cover cropping

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

SLOPING AREA

แผนท่ีพื้นท่ีท่ีปัญหา การชะล้างพงัทลายของดิน

ในประเทศไทย

The mountainous soils, where slope are steeper than 35%, are also considered as problem soils due

to erosion and other environmental problems

CAUSES

Rainfall

Steep slope

Deforestation

Reservoir

IMPACTS

Landslide

Decrease of fertile soil

Sediment flow into rivers

Make the shallow water and

turbid water

Growing ‘Vetiver Grass’SOLUTIONS

Reforestation

Hillside ditches

Bench terrace

SLOPING SOIL

SALINE SOILCAUSES

Salt-affected soil are soils that contain sufficient salt to limit

the growth of crops. Salt-affected soils refer to the soils that content salt in root zone

Salt flow with water from the area that have saline soil to the normal area

Salt farm

IMPACTSImpact to the quantity

and quality of soil

Death of plants

SOLUTIONSUse water to wash away salt in the soilReforestation to prevent the spread of saline soil

SALINE SOIL

ACID SOILAcid sulfate soils occur in parts of the costal lowlands.Most of the acid soils have dark clayey surface, with thickness of 15 – 30 cm.

CAUSESVitriol on the soil

surface change the property of soil

IMPACTSPlants lack of necessary

nutrient

High acid in the soil make iron and aluminum

dissolved ,but it dissolved too much and turn to be

toxic for plantsSOLUTIONS

Wash out the top soil to remove acid substances Add dolomite ,limestone and

fertilizer to increase the nutrient

ACID SOIL

SANDY SOILSandy soils occur in many parts of the country where are normally sandy throughout the soil profile ,especially in

northeastern part of Thailand

CAUSESCrimination of sand

Disintegration of Igneous rocks

Dryness

IMPACTS Can’t use for planting

Easy for erosion

SOLUTIONSSet the conservation system of water and soil appropriatelyUse natural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer,

organic fertilizer to improve soil and increase the ability to absorb water

SANDY SOIL

ROYAL THEORY THE USE OF VETIVER GRASS (YA-PHAEG)Soil and Water Conservation Awards

Soil erosion by rain has repeatedly washed away the fertile and productive soil surface. Some kind of barrier is needed to slow down the run off and keep water in the soil long enough for plant growth.

His Majesty the King realized this problem facing the highland agriculturists. He has suggested researchers to make an in-depth study to know the potential of the Thai vetiver grass and the following conclusion was made on its characteristics and usage.

Vetiver grass has a numerous root system spread deeply downward like a wall. It helps filtering soil sediment while keeping the soil surface intact.

Multipurpose Uses of Vetivers For conservation of environment and

ecology. Use of vetiver leaves to make animal feed and decomposed fertilizer. Make Herbal medicines and perfumes

 On the slope or hillsides.On the flat plain.

Pond and reservoir.

Different topographic area

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