Sovann khleang cam tesol conference 2011

7th CamTESOL International Conference 2011

“A short and easy way to teach vocabulary effectively”

Speaker: Sovann KHLEANG

National Institute of Education, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia

Date of February 26-27, 2011

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Is teaching vocabulary necessary ?

2

Is teaching vocabulary easy ?

Why do you think you remember the word?

?

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ContentsWhy Teach Vocabulary?Concepts of T & L VocabularyWhat to Teach?Traditional Ways of TeachingCreative Ways of TeachingTraditional Ways of LearningCreative Ways of LearningTheory of STM and LTMFive Ways to Teach Vocabulary


ObjectivesAfter the presentation SWBAT:

1) Utilize the concepts of Teaching and Learning vocabulary in the real class;

2) Apply the creative ways of teaching approach in the real class;

3) Apply the additional five ways of teaching vocabulary in the real class;

4) Provide the creative ways of learning approach to the students; and

5) Facilitate students to move words from their STM to LTM.


Why teach vocabulary?Vocabulary knowledge accounts for over 80% of

the variance in reading comprehension.In the 4th grade, 70% of the problem in reading

comprehension is vocabulary.Vocabulary is causally related to reading

comprehension.“Indeed, one of the most enduring findings in

reading research is the extent to which students’ vocabulary knowledge relates to their reading comprehension.” (Osborn & Hiebert, 2004)


Concepts of Learning Vocab.“With grammar very little can be conveyed,

without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”, Wilkins

“You can say very little with grammar, but you can say almost everything with words.”, Dellar and Hocking

Swan and Walter said that “vocabulary acquisition is the largest and most important task facing the language learner”.


What to teach #1?The research shows that successful learners

have to learn the High-Frequency Words (2,000 words) first.

The first 1,000 words account for 75 % of the successive words in a text.

The second 1,000 words account for 5 % of the successive words in a text.

570 academic words account for 10 % of the successive words in a academic text.

HFW#1 HFW#2 HFW#3


The effects of vocab. size on language comprehension

Vocabulary Size Written Text Coverage

1000 words 75.0%

2000 80.0

3000 84.0

4000 86.8

5000 88.7

6000 89.9

15,851 97.8


The most frequent word in English? th

eWhat are the 10 most frequently spoken words in English?

1) the2) and3) I4) you5) uh

6) to7) a8) that9) it10) of


A plan to build a series of escalators on the mountainside next to Tai Shue Wan was approved yesterday. The new escalators will provide a second entrance to Ocean Park. They will offer an alternative way of reaching the three main attractions on the headland. Ocean Park manager Kitty Chan said she was absolutely delighted with the news. She hopes that it will help arrest the decline in visitor numbers seen over the past two years.


What to teach #2?1. Meaning of the word2. Spoken and written forms3. Word parts (prefix, suffix, and “root” from)4. Grammatical Behavior (word class)5. Collocations6. Register7. Associations (similar or opposite words)8. Connotations9. Frequency

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VOCABULARY

meaningpronunciation

spelling

formusage

collocations

memory aid

What to teach #3?

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Example: ‘top’Synonyms highest, best.

• Antonyms bottom, lowest, worst.

• Different meanings ‘she’s wearing a blue top.’ ‘put the top on the bottle.’

• Idiomatic meanings ‘over the top’

• Spelling (actual or phonetic)

• Collocations e.g., ‘top-brass’ ‘top-heavy’• Part of Speech e.g., Noun, Verb, Adjective

E-mail: [email protected]


Traditional Ways of Teaching

Before class:- Determine vocabularies

In class:- Present new vocab.- Practice new vocab. With some activities


Creative Ways of TeachingBefore class:

- Determine topicIn class:

- S produce text with a specific topic (school)- S notice lexical patterns- S Present new words (dictionary is needed)- S produce own text with target words

Lesson Plan # 1 Lesson Plan # 2


Traditional Ways of LearningFind definition (L1 or L2)Write the word several timesWrite it in a sentence

Meta-research from William Nagy, Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Comprehension, ERIC, 2000 reports that these are the three least effective methods of initially teaching vocabulary.

Next


Recording new vocabulary03rd November 2008

tiger xøahandbag kabUbyYrwonderful EdlGs©arSescalator 　 CeNþIreynþdelighted Edlmenarmü✘


Creative Ways of Learning1. Focus on vocabulary2. Offer variety3. Repeat and recycle4. Provide opportunities to organize vocab.5. Make vocabulary Learning personally6. Don’t overdo teach7. Use strategic vocabulary in class

Next

Recording new vocabularyWord / phrase

Pron. translation grammar use example memoryidea

motorbike

/’məʊ.tə.baɪk/ m

:UtU

noun

Ride a ~Get on my~~ Maintenance~ race~ courier

I’ve just bought a 125cc Honda motorbike

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Theory of STM and LTMTo move words from STM to LTM, S need to

mentally process them by making decision, making personal association and multisensory experiences.Short-Term Memory (STM) receives patterns of

images and soundsLong-Term Memory (LTM) is boosted by using a

schema (structure for organizing information or concepts) combined with scripts (which stores a common behavioral sequence).


Making decision- identifying: finding collocations in a text or

passage- selecting: choosing a collocation based upon

some criteria- matching: pairing words to create a collocation

or pairing collocations which are similar in some ways

- sorting: categorizing collocations by meaning, pattern, usage and topic

- ranking and sequencing: put collocations in some types of order


Five Ways to Teach Vocabulary:A. Teach Directly by:

1. Giving examples and non-examples “This line is curved.” “This line is NOT curved.”

2. Giving synonyms

“Masticate means chew.”

3. Giving definitions“Monarchy is a country which has a king or queen.”


Five Ways to Teach Vocabulary:

B. Teach Indirectly by:4. Using context to suggest meaning of a new word

“The fan oscillated from side to side. The fan MOVED from side to side. So oscillate probably means to…”

5. Morpheme (word part) analysis “Inspire. In means to put something inside.

Spir means spirit. So, to inspire means to……spur, stimulate, encourage or influence”


Larry Bell’s 12 Powerful Words 1. Trace List in steps 2. Analyze Break apart 3. Infer Read between the lines 4. Evaluate Judge 5. Formulate Create 6. Describe Tell all about 7. Support Back up with details 8. Explain Tell how 9. Summarize Give the short version10. Compare All the ways they are alike11. Contrast All the ways they are different12. Predict What will happen next


“If a student doesn’t learn the way you teach – you must teach the way she learns.”

Thank You For Participation !

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REFERENCES Carten J. (2007), Teaching vocabulary: Lessons from the

corpus; lessons for the classroom. Cambridge university press

Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabulary on February 01, 2011

Retrieved from http://www.dynamicflight.com/avcfibook/learning_process/

s

E-mail: [email protected]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabulary

http://www.dynamicflight.com/avcfibook/learning_process/