Teoría Discursiva

Presented by:

Estefanía Valderrama

Laura Alejandra Cardona

PARAGRAPHS

The paragraph is a written speech unit consisting of

several sentences expressing an idea and end with a

full stop. The sentences that comprise it usually

share the same subject and one of them is that

which expresses the main idea.

There are different types of paragraphs, some of them are:

Argumentative: Contains an idea which seeks to convince the receiver about something that refuses or affirmed.

Conceptual or Definition: In these paragraphs the thought of an author or definition of a term, which will be used throughout the entire text, so it is essential to understanding. These paragraphs are present in scientific and technical texts.

Chronological: This kind of paragraph is expressed in the order that these happened, a series of events.

Enumeration: This paragraph is composed for  a serie of features that refer to the same event, object or subject phrase and an organizer for understanding what is being ordered.

Description: In this paragraph is described in a logical criterion, an object, person or event.

Explanatory: These paragraphs are useful to expand or specify the subject being treated. The purpose of an explanatory paragraph is not just giving information, but explain a subject thoroughly. This is commonly done in a way that teaches readers about it or inform them on how to do something. For example, recipes and travel guides used explanatory paragraphs to explain step by step what to do to accomplish the task. The purpose is to give the reader answers with references or real or valid livelihoods. With clear and precise explanation for that the reader can develop that he interests with all the security he will do fine.

Presentation: In these paragraphs is presented in an orderly manner certain information.

Persuasive: The writer tries to Convince the reader of something. An argument or review is presented on a topic Usually Within the first sentence and then to offer an explanation of why the reader Should agree. This argument is supported by the facts and persuasive strategies and often involves appeal to the emotions of the reader. It is usual to find this type of paragraphs in content medical, consumer advertising, etc.

Introductories: In these paragraphs, it is common to find in a few lines a brief overview of what it will  treat the general content of a book, magazine or story. Its function is to enable that the reader can to identify content, as it can be informative, entertaining or educational. It will allowing  to confirm that is you are looking for, or meet great ranges determined development work.

Expository: Is one in which any information is presented in an organized manner.

Approach and Solve a Problem: Structured in two parts:

First, the problem arises explicitly, second solution is exposed, in the same way as the problem.

Sequence or Process: In this type of paragraphs a series of events or a process are described in some order.

Transition: Serves to change the subject, is the bridge for the continuation of the text or to move from one part to another. Use expressions such as accordingly, therefore, however, despite the above, while, finally, then, etc.

Opening: The text you enter. Their role is crucial, since in it the author presents the problem posed by the thesis draws the reader's interest, etc.. Sometimes it is desirable to leave this paragraph to write it at the end.

Type: - Synthesis: It summarizes the thesis topic or text. Often the title is developed.

- Phrase or Interrogative Sentences: This statement raises the issue that will develop the subsequent text. There may be more than a questioning, then the sentence following the first are used to illustrate different aspects of the problem that arises.

- Anecdote: The introduction includes a story, a story whose role is to engage and involve the reader, used to put a background on the subject.

- Quote: You may use quotes, as long as they relate to the subject matter hereof.

Narrative: Content is brief  the narrator describes the start, development and the end of the content.  It is one of the most attractive ways that the author uses to capture the reader's attention. The  events or actions are in an orderly manner and the author uses informal language.

Descriptive:. A descriptive paragraph consists of sentences strung together to present a detailed picture of a single person, place, thing, event or idea. Often the writer describes the reader exactly what was going to see, hear, smell or relish. Personification and simile show an accurate and often literal box to the reader.

Comparative: Similarities and differences between two or more objects, events, or any phenomenon are presented in this paragraph.

Cause-Effect: As the name suggests, a fact is presented and the cause or the consequences .

Deductive: Here the main idea is placed at the beginning to build part of a generalization to present specific cases.

Inductive: In these paragraphs the main idea is placed at the end. These are part of specific cases to reach a generalization that concludes what is said. It starts with sentences expressing secondary ideas to reach a generalization, or thematic idea as a conclusion of what has been said.

Conclusion: These paragraphs express the closure of a section or a particular topic. The author explains or summarizes the topic or the explication of the text.

Closure: In these paragraphs the general idea of the text is rounded. Presents a summary of the general meaning of the text, giving full meaning  and intended to make a good memory in the reader. Sometimes it can offer conclusions about the subject matter, offer suggestions or motivate the reader to join the ideas defended by the author. Presents same typology that the opening paragraph, in this case to recover essentially the summary of the  text.

According with the function in the superstructure of the text, we can distinguish two kinds of paragraphs:

Functional paragraphs: Paragraphs are short extension to help guide the exposure of thought, a few paragraphs relating with others to contribute to the unity, cohesion and consistency. These paragraphs haven't a topic sentence that expresses a central idea. They can be of three kinds:

 Introductory Paragraphs: As its name implies, its function is to introduce the topic.

Paragraphs of liaison or Transition: Link information from a paragraph to another. They can be considered as major connectors that contribute with unit cohesion and the  consistency of the text.

Paragraph informative: Are those that support and develop the content of the text. They are characterized by a topic sentence that expresses the central idea. There are two kinds of informational paragraphs: Normal and Exceptional

Paragraph normal has a structure common that shows one main proposition that is supported by several secondary propositions.

Exceptional paragraph shows often  the following variations:

-Paragraphs with one main clause, but without secondary propositions. They usually consist of a single topic sentence and are used for definitions, explanations incidental and enumerations.

-Paragraphs with  two main propositions and their respective secondary propositions.