The Adventure of English

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  • 1. The Origins andDevelopment of The EnglishLanguage The Adventure of English2011KU0083 JUNEWOO, PARK2011 5 13

2. CONTENTSBeowulfThe Canterbury TalesJohn WycliffeWilliam TyndaleElizabethWilliam Shakespeare2011 5 13 3. ANCIENT TIMES2011 5 13 4. 43-ca. 420: Roman invasion and occupation of Britain ca. 450: Anglo-Saxon Conquest 597: St. Augustine arrives in Kent; beginning of Anglo-Saxon conversion to Christianity 871-899: Reign of King Alfred2011 5 13 5. Beowulf The greatest of the Old English poems is Beowulf, the tale of a Scandinavian hero who goes to the aid of Hrothgar, the Danish King, to defend him against the monster Grendel. It has been called the rst great poem in the English language.2011 5 13 6. Hwaet,we Gar-Dena in geardagumMynte se manscaa manna cynnessumma besyrwan in selepam hean.Onbrdpa bealohydig,pa he gebolgen waes,recedes mupan. . .ac he gefeng hrae forman sieslpendne rinc slat unwearnum,bat banlocan, blod edrum dranc,synsndum swealh; sona haefdeunlygendes eal gefeormod,fet ond folma.2011 5 13 7. Hwaet,we Gar-Dena in geardagumMynte se manscaa manna cynnessumma besyrwan in selepam hean.Onbrdpa bealohydig,pa he gebolgen waes,recedes mupan. . .ac he gefeng hrae forman sieslpendne rinc slat unwearnum,bat banlocan, blod edrum dranc,synsndum swealh; sona haefdeunlygendes eal gefeormod,fet ond folma.2011 5 13 8. Hwaet,we Gar-Denain geardagumMynte se manscaa manna cynnessumma besyrwan in selepam hean.Onbrdpa bealohydig,pa he gebolgen waes,recedes mupan. . .ac he gefeng hrae forman sieslpendne rinc slat unwearnum,bat banlocan, blod edrum dranc,synsndum swealh; sona haefdeunlygendes eal gefeormod,fet ond folma. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4L7VTH8ii_82011 5 13 9. So,the Spear-Danes in days gone byThe bane of the race of manroamed forth, hunting for prey in the high hall.When his rage boiled overHe ripped open the mouth of the buildingMaddening for blood. . .He grabbed and mauled a man on his benchBit into his bone lappings, bolted down his bloodAnd gorged on him in lumpsLeaving the body utterly lifelessEaten up, hand and foot.2011 5 13 10. So,the Spear-Danes in days gone byThe bane of the race of manroamed forth, hunting for prey in the high hall.When his rage boiled overHe ripped open the mouth of the buildingMaddening for blood. . .He grabbed and mauled a man on his benchBit into his bone lappings, bolted down his bloodAnd gorged on him in lumpsLeaving the body utterly lifelessEaten up, hand and foot.2011 5 13 11. So,the Spear-Danes in days gone byThe bane of the race of manroamed forth, hunting for prey in the high hall.When his rage boiled overHe ripped open the mouth of the buildingMaddening for blood. . .He grabbed and mauled a man on his benchBit into his bone lappings, bolted down his bloodAnd gorged on him in lumpsLeaving the body utterly lifelessEaten up, hand and foot.2011 5 13 12. So,the Spear-Danes in days gone byThe bane of the race of manroamed forth, hunting for prey in the high hall.When his rage boiled overHe ripped open the mouth of the buildingMaddening for blood. . .He grabbed and mauled a man on his benchBit into his bone lappings, bolted down his bloodAnd gorged on him in lumpsLeaving the body utterly lifelessEaten up, hand and foot.http:/v=CbvEz3s1Xm4/www.youtube.com/watch?2011 5 13 13. 90Sgde se ecupesaidhe who knew [how] rumsceaftira eorranreccan, [the] origin [of] menfrom far [time] [to] recount, cw pt se lmightiga eoran worhte, said that the Almighty [the]earth wrought wlite-beorhtne wang,swa wter bebuge, beauty-bright plain as water surrounds [it] gesette sige-hrepig sunnan ond monan, set triumph-glorioussunand moon2011 5 13 14. In Old English spelling, (line 90) is a vowel symbol thatrepresents the vowel of Modern English catp (line 90) and (line 92) both represent the sound th.The spelling sc (line 91) = shc (line 92) = k.2011 5 13 15. One point which seemed almost the clincher in Early Englishs claim to poetic greatness including Beowulf is its capacity to make up extra words: ban-hus (bone-house, for body) gleo-beam (glee-wood, for harp) wig-bord (war-board, for shield) hwl-wag (whales-way, for sea) wg-hengest (wave-steed, for boat)2011 5 13 16. I am Grandels mother http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=v9qpqyO_dmU2011 5 13 17. The middle age2011 5 13 18. 1066: Norman Conquest1154-1189: Reign of Henry 2ca. 1200: Beginning of Middle Englishliterature1345-1400: Geoffrey Chaucer1485: William Caxtons printing ofSir Thomas Malorys MorteDarther, one of the rst booksprinted in England2011 5 13 19. Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer decided to write not in Latin - which he knew well - not in the French from which he translated and which might have given him greater prestige, but in English, his own English, London-based English2011 5 13 20. The Canterbury TalesThrough skilful stories told by a group ofpilgrims to ease the time as they ride fromSouthwark in London to Canterbury Cathedral.2011 5 13 21. Whan that April with his showres soote The droughte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veine in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the owr; When Zephyrus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale fowles maken melodye That sleepen al the night with open y - So priketh hem Nature in hir corages - Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,2011 5 13 22. Whan that April with his showres soote The droughte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veine in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the owr; When Zephyrus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale fowles maken melodye That sleepen al the night with open y - So priketh hem Nature in hir corages - Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,2011 5 13 23. Whan that April with his showres soote The droughte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veine in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the owr; When Zephyrus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale fowles maken melodye That sleepen al the night with open y - So priketh hem Nature in hir corages - Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,2011 5 13 24. Whan that April with his showres soote The droughte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veine in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the owr; When Zephyrus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale fowles maken melodye That sleepen al the night with open y - So priketh hem Nature in hir corages - Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE0MtENfOMU2011 5 13 25. When April with his sweet showers haspierced the dryness of March to the root,and bathed every vein in such moistureas has power to bring forth the ower;when, also, Zephyrus with his sweet breathhas breathed spirit into the tender new shootsin every wood and meadow, and the young sunhas run half his course in the sign of the Ram,and small birds sing melodies andsleep with their eyes open all the night(so Nature pricks them in their hearts):then people long to go on pilgrimages,2011 5 13 26. About twenty to twenty-ve percent of the vocabulary used by Chaucer is from the French. In that short extract theres an average of at least one French word per line: April, March, perced, veyne, lycour, vertu, engendred, our, inspired. Often they have meanings now lost: lycour = moisture; vertu = power. Zephirus is from Latin, root is from Old Norse. This language is English. All the words called by linguists function words - pronouns and prepositions - are from Old English.2011 5 13 27. John Wycliffe He born near Richmond in Yorkshire, admitted to Merton College, Oxford. Wycliffe inspired two biblical translations and rightly they bear his name. Both versions are made from the Latin Vulgate version.2011 5 13 28. In the bigynnyng God made of nouyt heuene and erthe.Forsothe the erthe was idel and voide, and derknessis weren on theface of depthe; and the Spiryt of the Lord was borun on the watris.And God seide, Liyt be maad, and liyt was maad.And God seiy the liyt, that it was good, and he departide the liyt froderknessis; and he clepide the liyt , dai, and the derknessis, nyyt.And the euentid and morwetid was maad, o daie.In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over thesurface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over thewaters.And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. 4 God sawthat the light was good, and he separated the light from thedarkness.God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Andthere was evening, and there was morningthe rst day.2011 5 13 29. many familiar phrases do have their English origin in this translation: an eye for an eye are both in Wycliffe, as are words such as birthday, communication, crime, envy, frying-pen, injury, zeal, - all these and many more were read rst in Wycliffes Bible.2011 5 13 30. William TyndaleLike Wycliffe, Tyndale was an Oxford classical scholar.In 1535, Tyndale was arrested by church authorities andjailed in the castle of Vilvoorde outside Brussels for overa year. He was tried for heresy, strangled and burnt atthe stake in 1536. The Tyndale Bible, as it was known,continued to play a key role in spreading Reformationideas across Europe. The fty-four independent scholarswho created the King James Version of the bible in 1611drew signicantly on Tyndales translations. One estimationsuggests the New Testament in the King James Version is83% Tyndales, and the Old Testament 76%2011 5 13 31. In the begynnynge God created heven and erth.The erth was voyde and emptic and darcknesse was vpon thedepe and the spirite of God moved vpon the water.Then God sayd; let there be lyghte and there was lyghte.In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over thesurface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over thewaters.And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. 4 God sawthat the light was good, and he separated the light from thedarkness.2011 5 13 32. In the bigynnyng God made of nouyt heuene and erthe.Forsothe the erthe was idel and voide, and derknessis weren ontheface of depthe; and the Spiryt of the Lord was borun on thewatris.And God seide, Liyt be maad, and liyt was maad.In the begynnynge God created heven and erth.The erth was voyde and emptic and darcknesse was vpon thedepe and the spirite of God moved vpon the water.Then God sayd; let there be lyghte and there was lyghte.2011 5 13 33. Elizabeth 12011 5 13 34. Elizabeth 1My loving people, we have been perswaded by some, that arecareful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our self toarmed multitudes for fear of treachery: but I assure you, I do notdesire to live to distrust my faithful, and loving people. Let Tyrantsfear, I have always so behaved my self, that under God I haveplaced my chiefest strength, and safeguard in the loyal hearts andgood will of my subjects. And therefore I am come amongst youas you see, at this time, not for my recreation, and disport, butbeing resolved, in the midst, and heat of the battaile to live, or dieamongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, andfor my people, my Honour, and my blood even in the dust. I know Ihave the bodie, but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have theheart and Stomach of a King, and a King of England too. . . Weshall shortly have a famous victorie over those enemies of myGod, of my Kingdomes, and of my People.2011 5 13 35. Elizabeth 1My loving people, we have been perswaded by some, that arecareful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our self toarmed multitudes for fear of treachery: but I assure you, I do notdesire to live to distrust my faithful, and loving people. Let Tyrantsfear, I have always so behaved my self, that under God I haveplaced my chiefest strength, and safeguard in the loyal hearts andgood will of my subjects. And therefore I am come amongst youas you see, at this time, not for my recreation, and disport, butbeing resolved, in the midst, and heat of the battaile to live, or dieamongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, andfor my people, my Honour, and my blood even in the dust. I know Ihave the bodie, but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have theheart and Stomach of a King, and a King of England too. . . Weshall shortly have a famous victorie over those enemies of myGod, of my Kingdomes, and of my People.2011 5 13 36. Elizabeth 1My loving people, we have been perswaded by some, that arecareful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our self toarmed multitudes for fear of treachery: but I assure you, I do notdesire to live to distrust my faithful, and loving people. Let Tyrantsfear, I have always so behaved my self, that under God I haveplaced my chiefest strength, and safeguard in the loyal hearts andgood will of my subjects. And therefore I am come amongst youas you see, at this time, not for my recreation, and disport, butbeing resolved, in the midst, and heat of the battaile to live, or dieamongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, andfor my people, my Honour, and my blood even in the dust. I know Ihave the bodie, but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have theheart and Stomach of a King, and a King of England too. . . Weshall shortly have a famous victorie over those enemies of myGod, of my Kingdomes, and of my People.2011 5 13 37. Elizabeth 1My loving people, we have been perswaded by some, that arecareful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our self toarmed multitudes for fear of treachery: but I assure you, I do notdesire to live to distrust my faithful, and loving people. Let Tyrantsfear, I have always so behaved my self, that under God I haveplaced my chiefest strength, and safeguard in the loyal hearts andgood will of my subjects. And therefore I am come amongst youas you see, at this time, not for my recreation, and disport, butbeing resolved, in the midst, and heat of the battaile to live, or dieamongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, andfor my people, my Honour, and my blood even in the dust. I know Ihave the bodie, but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have theheart and Stomach of a King, and a King of England too. . . We http://www.youtube.com/watch?shall shortlyv=vITxj7Tq4f4&feature=related have a famous victorie over those enemies of myGod, of my Kingdomes, and of my People.2011 5 13 38. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright,widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Englishlanguage and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is oftencalled Englands national poet. His surviving works, includingsome collaborations, consist of about 38plays, 154 sonnets,two long narrative poems, and several other poems.2011 5 13 39. 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of may, And summers lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmd. And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or natures changing course untrimmd But thy eternal summer shall not fade. Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2011 5 13 40. Thank Youfor listening2011 5 13