The Lymphatic System

• Network of lymphatic vessels • Carries lymph towards heart • Original word Latin: Lympha

meaning water • Part of the circulatory system • Vital part of the immune

system

Low Immunity

Low Immunity

Circulatory system Transports nutrients, O2, CO2, Hormones

& blood cells to & from the cells

Provides nourishment

Helps fighting diseases

Stabilizes temperature & ph

Circulatory System

Circulatory System

Processes av 20 liters through capillary filtration

Removes plasma leaving blood cells

17 liters reabsorbed in the blood vessels

3 liters remain in interstitial fluid

Circulatory System

Blood not in direct contact with tissues & functional units of organs

Plasma does come in direct contact

Plasma: Colorless liquid part of blood

Lymphatic system provides accessory return route

Lymphatics

Blood Circulation

Lymph Circulation

Lymphatic circulation

Lymph drainage

Lymph Drainage

The lymphatic system consists of

Lymphatic organs

A conducting network of lymphatic vessels and

The circulating lymph

Associated Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus & Bone Marrow

Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph nodes & spleen

Lymphoid tissue in digestive system

Lymphoid tissue producing lymphocytes

Tonsils Collection of lymphoid tissue

4 types, commonly refers to palatine

tonsils

First line of defense against ingested or inhaled pathogens

Produce T cells or T lymphocytes

Tonsils

Lymphoid Tissue Thymus:

T Lymphocytes mature here Increases in size from birth to puberty Regresses thereafter

Spleen: Produces immune response

Spleen stores RBCs & lymphocytes

Lymph Nodes Organized collection of lymphoid tissue

Lymph passes through it on the way to

heart

500-600 lymph nodes

In clusters & commonly in the neck, groin, arm pits & abdominal areas

Lymph nodes distribution

Lymph nodes distribution

Three main functions of LS

Homeostasis

Part of the body's immune system

Facilitates absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive system

Peyer’s Patches

Organized lymphoid follicles (Approx 100)

Appearance similar to lymph nodes

More at lower end of small intestine

Large variations in size, shape etc

Peyer’s Patches

Peyer’s Patches

Function Immune surveillance

G I tract prone to pathogenic

organisms

Similar to tonsils for the RS

Trap & destroy foreign particles

Lacteal

Lymphatic capillary

Absorbs dietary fats in the small intestine

Lacteals merge, form lymphatic vessels

Transport chyle to the thoracic duct

Lacteals

Cysterna chyli Dilated sac at the lower end of the

thoracic duct

Lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow

It receives fatty chyle from the intestines

Cysterna chyli

Forms the beginning of thoracic duct

at the 12th thoracic vertebra

Delivers lymph into the base of the subclavian vein

Cysterna chyli

Some more facts about LS

Lymph similar to blood plasma

Contains lymphocytes & other WBCs

Contains waste products & cellular debris

Contains bacteria & proteins

Immunity

Defense mechanism to fight Infection Disease or Other unwanted biological invasion

Adequate tolerance

To avoid allergy & Autoimmune diseases

Immunity Innate or Inborn

Passive Natural Adaptive Active Passive Artificial Active

Immunity

Health a physical state where self is spared immunologically

What is foreign is eliminated

Disease a physical state where self is not spared

What is foreign is not eliminated

Immunity

Non specific: Natural barriers e.g.

skin Highly specific: e.g. Response of

antibodies

Non specific response

Chemical barriers e.g. tears

Inflammatory response e.g. after injury

Interferons: Release of proteins after viral attack

Specific response

Antigens Bacteria Toxins Malignant cells Foreign tissue

Antibody Substances released in the body in

response to antigens

White Blood Cells/Leucocytes Cells of the immune system

Produced & derived in bone marrow

Found in blood & lymphatic system

Have nucleus unlike RBCs &

platelets

Granulocytes

Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes Varying shapes of nucleus

Agranulocytes

Mononuclear Leucocytes One lobed nucleus

White Blood Cells

Neutrophil: 60-70%

Defend against bacterial & fungal infection

Eosinophil: 2-4% Rise in allergies (e.g. asthma), parasitic infection

etc Few in blood but plenty in respiratory & lower

urinary tract

Basophil: 0.5% Release histamine & heparin

Lymphocyte:

More common in lymphatic system than in blood

B lymphocytes make antibodies & destroy pathogens

T lymphocytes help B cells recognize the invader & make antibodies

Monocyte:

Largest of the WBCs

Share phagocytosis with neutrophils

Once out of the blood stream into the body tissues, they are known as macrophages

Immunity

Adequate biological defenses to fight

Infection/Disease Unwanted biological invasion

Adequate tolerance to

Avoid allergy & Autoimmune disorders

Systems affecting Immune

System

Circulatory System Respiratory System Endocrine System Autonomous Nervous System Digestive System Musculoskeletal System

Role Of Yoga Stress plays a big role

Yoga known to reduce stress

Various Yoga practices release endorphins

(Natural pain killers) With regular Yoga practice endurance rises

Lymphatic System & Yoga

Jal Neti, Kapaal bhaati

Asanas

Pranayama

Uddiyaan

Agnisaar

Benefits of Jal Neti

Jal Neti

Musculoskeletal System

Circulatory System

Respiratoty System

Peyer’s Patches

Endocrine System

Autonomous Nervous System

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Lacteal Lymphatic capillary Absorbs dietary fat from villi of small

intestine Triglycerides synthesized to form chyle Chyle is a milky substance Lacteals merge, form larger lymphatic

vessels Transport chyle to thoracic duct

Types Of Immunity

Innate or natural

Subdivided into Non specific &

Specific

Types Of Immunity

Adaptive Immunity Subdivided into Natural

Passive (Maternal) & Active (Infection)

Adaptive Immunity

Subdivided into Artificial Immunity Passive (Antibody transfer) & Active (Immunization)

Peyer’s Patches

Lymph drainage