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THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO

TOEIC

STRATEGIES & PRACTICE

DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER

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CONTENTS

PART 1. TOEIC LISTENING COMPREHENSION

TOEIC LC PART I STRATEGIES ……………………………………........... 3

TOEIC LC PART II STRATEGIES ……………………………………........... 35

TOEIC LC PART III STRATEGIES …………………………………….......... 63

TOEIC LC PART IV STRATEGIES …………………………………….......... 95

PART 2. TOEIC READING COMPREHENSION

STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH …….……………………………………........... 129

TOEIC RC PART 5 & 6 VOCABULARY STRATEGIES 1 …………….......147

TOEIC RC PART 5 & 6 VOCABULARY STRATEGIES 2……………....... 175

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR FOR TOEIC ………………………………........... 239

TOEIC RC PART 6 STRATEGIES ……………..………………………........ 361

TOEIC RC PART 7 STRATEGIES …………………………………….......... 377

TOEIC PRACTICE TEST ……………………………………………….......... 441

TOEIC LC AUDIO SCRIPTS ………………………..………………….......... 485

TOEIC LC ANSWER KEY……………………………………………….......... 501

TOEIC TEST ANSWER SHEETS……………………………………….......... 511

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TOEIC LC

PART III

STRATEGIES

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■ This section of the TOEIC® includes four-part dialogs between two people. ■ First read the question along with the answer choices before the dialogs begin. ■ You should try to find key words and the main idea so you can choose the correct statement quickly. ■ Use your time wisely and preview the next question. ■ Don't be misled by mere repetition of a word or phrase from the text. All answer choices have been mentioned in the text, so listen carefully to how they are used in context. ■ Remember the following frequently asked questions: the conversation topic, the relationship between people mentioned, the place in which the conversation takes place, or the activity people are engaged in. ■ Try to listen for specific or suggested information: a specific time, a length of time, frequency, reason, intention, or conclusion. ■ There are usually 7 types of question in this section: Type 1 - Who Questions Type 2 - When Questions Type 3 - Where Questions Type 4 - What Questions Type 5 - How Questions Type 6 - Why Questions Type 7 - Which Questions

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WHO QUESTIONS

■ Who questions generally ask for information or details about a person, an organization, or a job title. The answer is likely to contain a noun phrase.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: Dinner's ready. Now we just have to wait for Sue and her new boyfriend. Woman: Your sister seems to have a new boyfriend every month. What happened to Joe? Man: He moved to California. Woman: Really?

1. Who is coming to dinner? Correct Answers: - The man's sister and her boyfriend - Sue and her boyfriend Incorrect Answers: - Someone from California - The woman's ex-boyfriend - Joe and Sue

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Woman: Did you send the fax to the Springfield office? Man: Yes, and Andy Green said he had passed it on to his manager, Jeff. Woman: I hope he replies soon.

1. Who works in the Springfield office? Correct Answers: - Jeff and Andy Green - Andy Green and his manager Incorrect Answers: - The woman - The man - Both the man and the woman

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WHEN QUESTIONS

■ When questions focus on details about time. Therefore, you should listen for words and expressions related to time such as at three o'clock, at two fifteen, on Friday, on Thursday night, in the morning, in a few hours, two days ago, etc. These questions can refer to a present, past, or future event. Note, also, that the answer does not always include a preposition.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: The lecture starts at 8:45. We should have left already! We're going to be late yet again. Why do you always wait until the last minute? Woman: What are you talking about? It's 7:00 now, and it only takes 30 minutes to get there. We still have plenty of time. Man: I know, but the best seats will be taken before we get there. I want to get a good seat so that I can hear the speakers well.

1. When does the lecture start? Correct Answers: - In one and three quarter hours - 8:45 - A quarter to nine Incorrect Answers: - 7:30 - 8:30 - In thirty minutes

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Woman: Why does the photocopier always jam when I'm in a hurry? I need to make 100 copies of this before the meeting. This happens every time I need something quickly. Man: Well, it's only 9:00 a.m. now. It'll only take about 20 minutes to make 100 copies. When do you need them? Woman: Well, that's the problem. The meeting is supposed to start in 10 minutes.

1. When does the meeting start? Correct Answers: - At 9:10 a.m. - In ten minutes Incorrect Answers: - 9 hours - In 20 minutes - At 9:00 a.m.

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WHERE QUESTIONS

■ Where questions mostly deal with a location, the position of something, or a place. Note, however, that the answer does not always include a preposition.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: Why did you miss the meeting on Monday morning? I thought you were supposed to give a report. Woman: Well, I had a bad accident over the weekend, so I had to take my car to Charlie's garage to get it fixed. He doesn't open until 9:00 a.m., so I couldn't make it to the meeting. Man: Gosh, I'm sorry to hear that. You're just lucky you didn't end up in the hospital getting fixed yourself.

1. Where did the woman go on Monday? Correct Answers: - To Charlie's garage - To see a mechanic Incorrect Answers: - To the hospital - To a meeting - To an accident

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Man: I can't find the handouts for the presentation that I'm supposed to make today. I made the copies just before I left to go home last night. Woman: Well, you had a large pile of papers with you last night when I walked to the parking garage with you. Don't you remember? I had to open the door for you. Man: Oh, yes. You're right. I put them in my car for safe keeping. I'll go get them now.

1. Where is the man going? Correct Answers: - To the parking garage - To get papers from his car Incorrect Answers: - To make a presentation - To the copier room - Home

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WHAT QUESTIONS

■ What questions very often ask for detailed information about the content of a conversation. This information could be related to an object, idea, or action, or the information could be a description.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: It's closing time. Why are you still working? Almost everyone else has left already. Woman: There's a big sale this weekend, and I've got to take inventory. I need to have an itemized list of everything in stock. I'm going to be here all night at this rate. It's taking much longer than I thought. Man: Why don't I help you with that? It'll be much quicker, and I have nothing planned for tonight.

1. What is going on this weekend? Correct Answers: - There is a big sale at the store. - The store is having a sale. Incorrect Answers: - The man and woman are going sailing. - They will take the store's inventory. - The man will help the woman.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Man: I can’t seem to connect to the Internet today. Is anyone else having any trouble? It's really annoying because I need to send an urgent email to confirm an order. Woman: They are doing some maintenance work, and the server is down. If it's really that urgent, why don't you just confirm it by fax? Man: Yeah, I guess you're right. It would be better than nothing.

1. What does the woman suggest the man do? Correct Answers: - Send a fax - Fax a confirmation of the order Incorrect Answers: - Do some maintenance work - Confirm that the server is down

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HOW QUESTIONS

■ How questions often ask about the process, method or manner in which something is done, the quantity, or the quality of something. You should therefore pay careful attention to adjectives and adverbs.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: Have you noticed anything different? Don't you think the office seems much nicer lately? Woman: Now that you mention it, I guess everyone seems a lot more relaxed and less easily upset. And I don't know what it is, but it seems to smell different than it used to. Man: Right, I've installed aromatherapy oil sprays in each corner of the office. I use lemon oil in the morning for energy and lavender in the afternoon for relaxation.

1. How has the man improved the office environment? Correct Answers: - By using aromatherapy oils - By installing aromatherapy oil sprays - With aromatherapy Incorrect Answers: - By wearing lemon oil - Because he is more relaxed

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Woman: We have ordered too many of these monitors. They just aren't selling as well as we expected. I don't know how we are going to get rid of them. Man: Why don't we put them on sale? Let's offer a 20% discount for two weeks and see if that helps. Or we could offer a free gift with them. Woman: Let's try the discount. We don't have space to store any extra gifts at the moment.

1. How are they going to try to improve sales of monitors? Correct Answers: - By offering a discount - By reducing the price - By having a sale Incorrect Answers: - By giving a free gift with each monitor - Yes, they will improve sales.

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WHY QUESTIONS

■ Why questions are concerned with a cause or reason. Questions of this type can often be in the negative. You may find it helpful to listen for words such as because, since, and due to.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: What are you doing with those boxes? You've been sorting through them for hours. Where did they come from? Woman: These are from the storeroom. They are old accounting ledgers from the export office. I want to compare current profits with the profits we were making five years ago. It looks like things were a lot better then. Man: Really? Let me have a look.

1. Why is the woman sorting through the boxes? Correct Answers: - She wants to check company profits. - She is comparing past and present profits. Incorrect Answers: - They are from the storage room. - The company was stronger in the past.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Woman: Do you have any idea what has happened? The power is down, and nothing in the office is working. No one can get any work done. Man: There was some kind of leak in the basement, and the generator short-circuited. They have been working on it since early this morning, but it seems to be more serious than they thought. Woman: Well, I'm leaving. I'm going to work at home. I need electricity to use my computer, and some light would be nice.

1. Why isn't the woman staying at the office? Correct Answers: - Because there is a power outage. - Because she can't work without electricity. Incorrect Answers: - Because she quit her job. - Because she started work early this morning.

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WHICH QUESTIONS

■ Which questions ask about alternative choices. It is not possible to answer these questions using yes or no. You may find it helpful to listen for the conjunction or in the conversation to alert you to alternatives which may be relevant for choosing the correct response.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 1

Man: I've been thinking of getting a new desk, and I've narrowed it down to these two in this catalog. They are both about the same size and price, so it's hard to choose between them. Woman: I like the three drawers in the brown one. The gray desk only has two. Also, the brown one has a nice built-in pen holder, and the legs look a lot sturdier, don't they? Man: Well, I think you've made up my mind for me. That's the one I'll order.

1. Which desk is the man going to buy? Correct Answers: - The brown one - The desk with three drawers Incorrect Answers: - The gray desk - He cannot decide.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION 2

Woman: Who do you think is more reliable, Hirotaka, Asako, or Kenichi? I need someone I can really rely on to help me with the next shipment. Man: I've never had problems with any of them. But I know that Mr. Ito in accounts has complained that Kenichi is not very good at tracking down payments from clients. He also tends to be late submitting paperwork, but he always does it very thoroughly. Woman: I need someone who can get things done on time. I guess I know who not to choose.

1. Which employee is the woman NOT going to choose? Correct Answers: - Kenichi - The employee who submits work late Incorrect Answers: - Hirotaka - Asako - Hirotaka or Asako

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STRATEGY 1

Skim the questions and answer choices and try to guess what the conversation is about before the audio recording begins.

STRATEGY 2

While skimming the questions and answer choices, you should also pay attention to Content Words!

■ In a question such as What time will the woman leave?, the key words are time, woman, and will leave. When you listen to the conversation, you should listen for references to a woman leaving in the future. You should also listen for any numbers you might have seen in the answer choices: four (four hours, four o'clock); 30 (4:30, half past 4:00, 30 minutes from now, in 30 minutes); ten (in ten minutes, ten past 4:00, 4:10, etc.). By listening for the key words (time, woman, will leave) and some of the numbers (four, ten), you will be able to focus your listening on important details.

STRATEGY 3

You will need to do some paraphrasing and catch synonymous words in the conversation.

■ Words in the answer choices are often not repeated in the conversation. The speakers may use paraphrases or synonyms. For example, in a question What time does the flight depart?, the key word flight indicates the conversation will provide information about the time a plane takes off. Listen for that time. You may not hear the word flight in the conversation; the speakers may use a synonym like plane. Similarly, the speakers may say take off rather than depart.

STRATEGY 4

Watch out for the same or similar-sounding distractors!

■ In this part of the test, you may often hear words in the conversation that are the same or have the same meaning as words in the answer choices. This may cause you to choose an incorrect answer. Be careful not to choose an answer simply because you heard something similar in the conversation.

STRATEGY 5

Use vocabulary clues to infer meaning!

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■ The answers for many of the questions in this part of the test are not stated directly. You will have to listen carefully and use your knowledge of related vocabulary and context to choose many of the answers.

STRATEGY 6

Learn polite ways of saying “no”!

■ Being familiar with the language and organization common to negative responses can help you to choose the correct answer.

STRATEGY 7

Pay particular attention to the first two sentences!

■ It is important to understand the first two sentences as these contain the answer to the first question.

STRATEGY 8

Choose the correct number / quantity / date answer!

■ Numbers and quantities are a commonly tested feature in the TOEIC test. Remember that with questions asking for number, quantity and dates you need to do a little basic math!

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TOEIC LC PART III QUESTION TYPES Read the following conversations, and focus on the main points. Use the What to listen for sections as a guide. A. Office Talk M: Hi Martha. Are there any messages for me? W: Yes, Mrs. Wilson called. She would like to know when the figures for this quarter will be ready. She wants to look them over before she has to give them to the Vice-President. M: Hmm. I've been working on the market research project, so I'm a little behind. I'll call her and talk to her about it. W: Her number is on the note pad next to the phone. What to listen for Who called? - Mrs. Wilson Why? - She would like the figures. What will happen? - He will call her. B. Office Problems W: I'm so frustrated! Why can't I get Internet access on my computer? All I get is a message that says, "Busy, please try later.” M: The computer system is down. The IT department is working on it, but they said they might not be able to fix it today. W: That's terrible! I have a very important contract I'm waiting for. M: You could try using the Wi-Fi spot in the cafe next door. What to listen for How does the woman feel? - Frustrated Why? - She cannot access the Internet. What is she waiting for? - An important document C. Personnel Changes M: So, Ms. McKenzie, why do you think we should hire you? W: Well, I have all the qualifications that you are looking for, and I'm also very flexible, so I can adapt to any situation. M: Those are all very good reasons. Thank you for your time. We will let you know by next week. W: Thank you. I enjoyed talking with you today. What to listen for What kind of conversation is this? - A job interview What is one of her strengths? - Her flexibility What will happen? - He will notify her later.

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D. Daily Life M: I would like my bill, please. And could I pay by debit card? My credit card suddenly stopped working this morning. W: Of course, Mr. Jefferson. Did you enjoy your meal? M: Yes, I did. In fact, I'm going to be back in town next month. Could I make a reservation now? W: Certainly, just give the details before you leave. What to listen for Where is the conversation taking place? - At a restaurant What is the man's problem? - His credit card is not working. What will the man probably do? - Book a table for his next visit E. Travel W: Hi. I was looking at the tour package to Malta on your website. How much are the taxes and fuel service charges? M: Let me just see. It seems that taxes are $250, and fuel service charges are $125. W: $375 extra seems like a lot of money. I'm going to have to take some time to think about it. M: OK. Think about it for a couple of days, then give me a call. What to listen for Who is the woman likely talking to? - A travel agent What information does the man have? - The cost of extra charges What will the woman do? - Take time to consider the trip

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TOEIC LC PART III SAMPLE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ANSWER KEY IS AT THE END OF THE TEST!

Questions 41-43 refer to the following conversation! A: Hey, Mike! Just wait for me there for about ten minutes! I have to run to the camera store right now. B: Are you buying a new camera? A: No, just a battery! I’ve been asked to take some pictures at the press conference today. B: Oh, I see. By the way, did you find out who the speaker is for tonight’s press conference?

41. Why is the woman going to the camera store? (A) To have her camera repaired. (B) To purchase a camera. (C) To have some film developed. (D) To buy a battery. 42. What does she need her camera for tonight? (A) Going to a photography seminar. (B) Taking photos at the press conference. (C) Taking photos of her family. (D) Testing out her camera in a workshop. 43. What is Mike asking about tonight's event? (A) He is wondering whether the woman’s coming. (B) He is wondering if the speaker’s coming. (C) He is wondering who is in charge of taking pictures. (D) He is wondering who is invited as a speaker for tonight.

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Questions 44-46 refer to the following conversation! A: May I help the next person in line? B: Yes, I’d like four tickets for Tuesday’s show. Do you still have the front seats available by chance? A: No, I am sorry, sir. We only have balcony seats left. Is that alright? And how many tickets did you say you needed? B: Four. Actually, you know what, why don’t I just come back later for tickets, because I am not sure if my parents would like the balcony seats.

44. Where are the speakers? (A) At an airport. (B) At a theater ticket office. (C) At a baseball stadium. (D) At a zoo. 45. Where does the man's family want to sit? (A) On the 2nd level seats. (B) On the balcony seats. (C) On the front seats. (D) On the back seats. 46. Why is the man hesitating to buy the tickets? (A) He is not sure if his parents still want the front seats. (B) He is not sure if he and his wife want to sit on the front seats. (C) He is not sure if his parents still want to sit on balcony seats. (D) He is sure if his wife wants to sit in the back seats.

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Questions 47-49 refer to the following conversation! A: Have you booked your flight to Los Angeles yet? B: No, I haven’t. I’m still waiting for a better fare than the one way and the $350 with two stops at Detroit and Seattle, which is such a bad deal. A: Oh alright. But don’t worry. I heard that the prices are probably going to go down soon. B: Wow! That news unexpected!

47. What is the man hoping to get? (A) A better price. (B) A better hotel room. (C) A first-class ticket. (D) In-flight meals. 48. What does the woman inform the man? (A) The prices will decline. (B) The plane will take off in time. (C) She has gotten plane tickets. (D) To wait while taking a shower. 49. What will the man probably do next? (A) He will not go to Los Angeles. (B) He will go ahead and buy the ticket. (C) He will wait for the better fares. (D) He will look for other transportation.

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Questions 50-52 refer to the following conversation! A: Pick’em Up is going to pick us up around 5:00, after the guided tour around Daytona Beach. B: And then where are we going? A: We’ll be back at the hotel by 7 to dress for dinner. Then we’ll meet the director at 8 for dinner. B: Well, that sounds like we have enough time. Are you sure you don’t want to stop by the market place? You’ve got to at least buy a shirt that says “Florida” to show others where you went for the break!

50. When will the speakers meet the guest? (A) At 2 o'clock. (B) At 5 o'clock. (C) At 7 o'clock. (D) At 8 o'clock. 51. Where are the speakers? (A) They are in Florida. (B) They are at the hotel. (C) They are in the Pick'em Up car. (D) They are in the director's house. 52. What does the woman advise the man to do? (A) Get a suntan on the beach. (B) To buy her a gift. (C) To have dinner with the director. (D) To buy a souvenir.

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Questions 53-55 refer to the following conversation! A: Should I put up the signs announcing the discount yet? B: No, let’s wait until tomorrow to do that. Have you put the boots and sandals in the window display yet? A: Only the children’s sizes so far. I was just about to get the rest out soon. B: OK. We must take the advantage of having the showcase now. Do we not?

53. Where do the speakers probably work? (A) In an advertising agency. (B) In a grocery store. (C) In a shoe store. (D) In a child-care center. 54. What is one of their sales strategies? (A) Putting out brochures about their new items. (B) Putting up signs about the discount. (C) Getting rid of the showcase to have more space in the store. (D) Putting a commercial on TV. 55. What will they use to boost sales? (A) A catalog. (B) A free gift. (C) A show window. (D) A coupon.

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Questions 56-58 refer to the following conversation! A: Could you please hand me the report about the Hong Kong office plans? B: Well, it’s not on the shelf above the desk anymore. Didn’t I let you borrow it yesterday? A: Oh, you did? Hmm. Let me try to recall. Oh yeah! It’s in the filing cabinet in the top drawer. B: There you go. I guess you’ve been so busy these days that you can’t remember these small things.

56. What is the woman looking for? (A) Looking for her wallet. (B) Looking for her new project proposal. (C) Looking for her memo. (D) Looking for the report. 57. Where is the report? (A) In the man's hand. (B) In a filing cabinet (C) On the shelf. (D) On the desk. 58. What does the man say is the cause for the woman's memory loss? (A) Her age. (B) Her car accident a few days ago. (C) Her personality. (D) Her busy schedule.

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DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER ULTIMATE GUIDE TO TOEIC

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Questions 59-61 refer to the following conversation! A: Have we hired a new cleaning service? The company looks totally different! B: Yes. You can really see a difference in the way the company looks. It’s definitely a change for the better. A: By the way, so how much are we paying him? He must be a professional huh? B: Yeah. I guess you could call him a professional. He does cost a lot.

59. What are the speakers discussing? (A) A management change. (B) A cleaning service. (C) A financial problem. (D) A redecorating plan. 60. How did the company change? (A) People were fired. (B) The office is clean and more organized. (C) They moved because of some financial problems. (D) They installed a security camera: 61. What do they say about the custodian? (A) His wages aren't very high. (B) He is new to this job. (C) He used to work for their company. (D) He does his job perfectly.

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