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Tsunami Early Warning System
Tsunami Detector
Rahul patil
Tsunami
A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.
Regular Wind Generated Wave
10 Feet
300 Feet
Speed: 10-20 mph
Tsunami in Deep Ocean
1-2 Feet
316,800 Feet
Speed: 450-650 mph
Tsunami Approaching Shore
10-100+ Feet
5,000 10,000 Feet
Speed: 35-220 mph
Tsunami Cycle
TidalSurge
UnderlyingGeologicalEvent
WaterDisplaced
Wave Propagation
TidalWithdraw
Detection Opportunities
Detection
Coastline
Activity
Wave
Activity
Geologic
Activity
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Current State of the Art
Stationery
Light downward diagonal
Light downward diagonal
5,000 M
Surface Buoy
Hydrophone
Anchor
Tsunami
Detector
Acoustic Link
Satellite
Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65
Advantages & Drawbacks
Advantages
Deep water pressure produces relatively low false-positives as wind-driven waves do not generate deep pressure differentials
Multiple sensors can triangulate epicenter of water displacement and wave propagation can be predicted.
Good advance warning
Drawbacks
Expensive equipment
High maintenance
Requires multiple communication links:Sonar
Satellite uplink
Satellite downlink
Last-mile notification to authorities
Authorities must notify coastal dwellers
Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert
Deep sea pressure
SeismicEvents
Surface anomalies
Coastal Alarm & Detection
Leading Trough
The receding sea that precedes a tsunami
Near-shore subsidence facilitate tsunami penetration inland
Theoretical predictions* and field surveys indicate that coastal run-up and inundation will be greater if the trough of the leading wave precedes the crest
Stationery
MCj03655160000[1]MCj03655160000[1]
* Raissa Mazova of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University in Russia and by Costas Synolakis of the University of Southern California
Stationery
Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert
Anchor
Tsunami trough threshold level
Receding sea trigger
Anchor line under constant spring tension at buoy
Stationery
Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert
Anchor
Tsunami trough threshold level
Tsunami trough(receding sea)
Tension in anchor line pulls buoy into contact with trigger
Flares ignited to signal coastal communities
Satellite, RF, audible alarms execute responsive to contact with trigger
Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert
Stationery
MCj03655160000[1]MCj03655160000[1]
Buoy measures tsunami crest broadcasts satellite data for emergency response in other areas.
Advantages to Coastal Alert
Direct warning system in third world and emerging industrial countries
Flares
Audible siren
Local RF broadcast on emergency marine VHF channels and terrestrial radio
Can be activated in advance by RF or satellite transmission if deep sea sensors forecast tsunami hit in the area
Low Cost Design
No expensive off-shore installation and maintenance
Multi-use design can be used for navigation, temperature readings, etc.
Ideal supplement to sophisticated deep sea monitoring
Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert
Responsive to seismic event GTOA releases non-buoyant pressure sensors at multiple depths below normal wave action.
Genesis Offshore 02
Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert
Genesis Offshore 02
Detachable pressure sensors
Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.
NOAAs DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure.
Genesis Offshore 02
Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert
Detachable pressure sensors
Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.
Seismic event detected Genesis Offshore buoys drop pressure sensors to multiple depths.
Pressure Wave
Genesis Offshore 02
Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert
Detachable pressure sensors
Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.
Pressure readings are relayed to monitoring station. Multiple readings provide more accurate analysis of deep pressure readings.
Light downward diagonal
Satellite
Genesis Drop Sensor
Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating depth in synchronization.
Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep sea mounting.
Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube.
Telemetry and support line.
Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert
No permanent seabed pressure sensor
Pressure readings at multiple depths
Pressure transducer equipment kept out of hostile environment until deployed
Redundancy if a sensor fails
Lower false positives
No ROV needed for maintenance or deployment
Genesis Tsunami System
Costal detection and notification
Offshore monitoring and early warning
Integrated systems provide prediction, notification and warning in a single package.
Low costs for deployment and maintenance
Superior data capture and uptime
Deep Sea P Sensor
LOGOIOC1870
Figure 2. DART tsunameters are now used in a few strategiclocations in the deep ocean to measure tsunami waves unalteredby shoaling and refl ections at a coast. The tsunameters sensethe pressure induced on the ocean bottom by passing tsunamiwaves, transmit these data by acoustic modem to an oceansurfacebuoy moored nearby, and from the buoy the data aresent via satellite to the warning centers.
Deep-sea pressure sensors (Germany)
geo_letterhead
darts-worldSuggested global distribution of deep sea pressure sensors (to be defined)
geo_letterhead
Suggested placement of new seismographic and deep sea pressure sensors (India)
geo_letterhead
Suggested real-time sea level stations (India)
geo_letterhead
TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN MOBILE ENVIRONMENT
tsu nami
SOURCE: [email protected] www.vtt.fi/space
1. Tsunami detection
Sensor system for the detection of the earthquake and the tsunami wave
Data transfer from surface to the processing centers
2. Data processing and data management
Data collection and processing at the processing centers
Derivation of alert messages including maps with evacuation routes
3. Alert message distribution
Through the Internet
To cellular phones, including evacuation routes
4. Rescue aid
Alert message collection and analysis from the cellular phones
Cellular phone location, including historical data
Damage estimation using satellite data
5. Preparation
Land cover maps and elevation information using satellite data for flood area simulations
Local Tsunami Alert System
*
Earthquake->Tsunami
Seismic recording
Civil Defense to local administrations, 10 min
Evacuation
wave arrives in 45 minutes!
Analysis Seismic data center
Automatic procedures:-Broad band sensor
Small seismic array
Virtual regional network
Radio, TV stations to population, 2 min
Cellular phone to local population, 2 min
10 min ?
human factor
3 min
Chinandega (El viejo)
1.- Venecia2.- Aposentillo3.- Jiquilillo4.- Aserraderos5.- Los Zorros6.- Padre Ramos7.- Mechapa8.- Punta Nata9.- Potos
Chinandega (Corinto)
10.- Corinto11.- Isla del Cardn12.- Isla del Amor
Chinandega (El Realejo)
13.- Isla Maderas Negras14.- Isla Paredones15.- Paso Caballos
Len
16.- El Trnsito 17.- Puerto Sandino18.- Salinas Grandes19.- Poneloya20.- Las Peitas21.- Los Brasiles
Managua
22.- Salamina23.- Montelimar24.- Masachapa25.- Pochomil26.- San Diego27.- Gran Pacfica28.- Miraflores
Carazo
29.- Casares30.- La Boquita31.- Bocana de Masapa
Jinotepe
32.- Tipilapa33.- Huehuete34.- La Bocana
Rivas
35.- El Ostional36.- San Juan del Sur37.- El Menco38.- El Gigante39.- San Martn40.- Las Salinas41.- El Astillero42.- La Flor
(130,000)
under risk
INETER
CODEDEFENSA CIVIL
90 kms
45 min
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ESCUDO EJERCITO
Civil defence communication system
Source Defensa Civil, 2005
Alert messenger to PC screen of radio/TV presenters
(under testing)
SMS cell phone to decision maker
(under testing)
SMS cell phone to large sectors of population
(under development)
New communication methods
(in development)
Thank you