Tsunami Detector

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Tsunami Early Warning System

Tsunami Detector

Rahul patil

Tsunami

A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.

Regular Wind Generated Wave

10 Feet

300 Feet

Speed: 10-20 mph

Tsunami in Deep Ocean

1-2 Feet

316,800 Feet

Speed: 450-650 mph

Tsunami Approaching Shore

10-100+ Feet

5,000 10,000 Feet

Speed: 35-220 mph

Tsunami Cycle

TidalSurge

UnderlyingGeologicalEvent

WaterDisplaced

Wave Propagation

TidalWithdraw

Detection Opportunities

Detection

Coastline
Activity

Wave
Activity

Geologic
Activity

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Current State of the Art

Stationery

Light downward diagonal

Light downward diagonal

5,000 M

Surface Buoy

Hydrophone

Anchor

Tsunami
Detector

Acoustic Link

Satellite

Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65

Advantages & Drawbacks

Advantages

Deep water pressure produces relatively low false-positives as wind-driven waves do not generate deep pressure differentials

Multiple sensors can triangulate epicenter of water displacement and wave propagation can be predicted.

Good advance warning

Drawbacks

Expensive equipment

High maintenance

Requires multiple communication links:Sonar

Satellite uplink

Satellite downlink

Last-mile notification to authorities

Authorities must notify coastal dwellers

Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Deep sea pressure

SeismicEvents

Surface anomalies

Coastal Alarm & Detection

Leading Trough
The receding sea that precedes a tsunami

Near-shore subsidence facilitate tsunami penetration inland

Theoretical predictions* and field surveys indicate that coastal run-up and inundation will be greater if the trough of the leading wave precedes the crest

Stationery

MCj03655160000[1]MCj03655160000[1]

* Raissa Mazova of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University in Russia and by Costas Synolakis of the University of Southern California

Stationery

Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Anchor

Tsunami trough threshold level

Receding sea trigger

Anchor line under constant spring tension at buoy

Stationery

Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Anchor

Tsunami trough threshold level

Tsunami trough(receding sea)

Tension in anchor line pulls buoy into contact with trigger

Flares ignited to signal coastal communities

Satellite, RF, audible alarms execute responsive to contact with trigger

Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Stationery

MCj03655160000[1]MCj03655160000[1]

Buoy measures tsunami crest broadcasts satellite data for emergency response in other areas.

Advantages to Coastal Alert

Direct warning system in third world and emerging industrial countries

Flares

Audible siren

Local RF broadcast on emergency marine VHF channels and terrestrial radio

Can be activated in advance by RF or satellite transmission if deep sea sensors forecast tsunami hit in the area

Low Cost Design

No expensive off-shore installation and maintenance

Multi-use design can be used for navigation, temperature readings, etc.

Ideal supplement to sophisticated deep sea monitoring

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

Responsive to seismic event GTOA releases non-buoyant pressure sensors at multiple depths below normal wave action.

Genesis Offshore 02

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

Genesis Offshore 02

Detachable pressure sensors

Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.

NOAAs DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure.

Genesis Offshore 02

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

Detachable pressure sensors

Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.

Seismic event detected Genesis Offshore buoys drop pressure sensors to multiple depths.

Pressure Wave

Genesis Offshore 02

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

Detachable pressure sensors

Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.

Pressure readings are relayed to monitoring station. Multiple readings provide more accurate analysis of deep pressure readings.

Light downward diagonal

Satellite

Genesis Drop Sensor

Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating depth in synchronization.

Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep sea mounting.

Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube.

Telemetry and support line.

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

No permanent seabed pressure sensor

Pressure readings at multiple depths

Pressure transducer equipment kept out of hostile environment until deployed

Redundancy if a sensor fails

Lower false positives

No ROV needed for maintenance or deployment

Genesis Tsunami System

Costal detection and notification

Offshore monitoring and early warning

Integrated systems provide prediction, notification and warning in a single package.

Low costs for deployment and maintenance

Superior data capture and uptime

Deep Sea P Sensor

LOGOIOC1870

Figure 2. DART tsunameters are now used in a few strategiclocations in the deep ocean to measure tsunami waves unalteredby shoaling and refl ections at a coast. The tsunameters sensethe pressure induced on the ocean bottom by passing tsunamiwaves, transmit these data by acoustic modem to an oceansurfacebuoy moored nearby, and from the buoy the data aresent via satellite to the warning centers.

Deep-sea pressure sensors (Germany)

geo_letterhead

darts-worldSuggested global distribution of deep sea pressure sensors (to be defined)

geo_letterhead

Suggested placement of new seismographic and deep sea pressure sensors (India)

geo_letterhead

Suggested real-time sea level stations (India)

geo_letterhead

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN MOBILE ENVIRONMENT

tsu nami

SOURCE: [email protected] www.vtt.fi/space

1. Tsunami detection

Sensor system for the detection of the earthquake and the tsunami wave

Data transfer from surface to the processing centers

2. Data processing and data management

Data collection and processing at the processing centers

Derivation of alert messages including maps with evacuation routes

3. Alert message distribution

Through the Internet

To cellular phones, including evacuation routes

4. Rescue aid

Alert message collection and analysis from the cellular phones

Cellular phone location, including historical data

Damage estimation using satellite data

5. Preparation

Land cover maps and elevation information using satellite data for flood area simulations

Local Tsunami Alert System

*

Earthquake->Tsunami

Seismic recording

Civil Defense to local administrations, 10 min

Evacuation

wave arrives in 45 minutes!

Analysis Seismic data center

Automatic procedures:-Broad band sensor

Small seismic array

Virtual regional network

Radio, TV stations to population, 2 min

Cellular phone to local population, 2 min

10 min ?
human factor

3 min

Chinandega (El viejo)

1.- Venecia2.- Aposentillo3.- Jiquilillo4.- Aserraderos5.- Los Zorros6.- Padre Ramos7.- Mechapa8.- Punta Nata9.- Potos

Chinandega (Corinto)

10.- Corinto11.- Isla del Cardn12.- Isla del Amor

Chinandega (El Realejo)

13.- Isla Maderas Negras14.- Isla Paredones15.- Paso Caballos

Len

16.- El Trnsito 17.- Puerto Sandino18.- Salinas Grandes19.- Poneloya20.- Las Peitas21.- Los Brasiles

Managua

22.- Salamina23.- Montelimar24.- Masachapa25.- Pochomil26.- San Diego27.- Gran Pacfica28.- Miraflores

Carazo

29.- Casares30.- La Boquita31.- Bocana de Masapa

Jinotepe

32.- Tipilapa33.- Huehuete34.- La Bocana

Rivas

35.- El Ostional36.- San Juan del Sur37.- El Menco38.- El Gigante39.- San Martn40.- Las Salinas41.- El Astillero42.- La Flor

(130,000)
under risk

INETER

CODEDEFENSA CIVIL

90 kms

45 min

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ESCUDO EJERCITO

Civil defence communication system

Source Defensa Civil, 2005

Alert messenger to PC screen of radio/TV presenters

(under testing)

SMS cell phone to decision maker

(under testing)

SMS cell phone to large sectors of population

(under development)

New communication methods
(in development)

Thank you