Tudor Dynasty1485-1603

The Hundred Years’ War left England in turmoil and caused a civil war

War of Roses (1455-1487) – the war was over different families wanting to take the throne

One was the House of Lancaster, and the other York. Both had legitimate claims to the throne

Tudor Dynasty King Henry VII ended the

private wars of the nobility by prohibiting nobles from running private armies of followers that were dedicated to their lords

The English didn’t have a strong, standing army so they relied on lords to raise armies for a cause and then disband them after

Tudor DynastyCourt of Star

Chamber – didn’t use juries and allowed torture to be used

Didn’t have to call Parliament frequently by using diplomacy to avoid wars

Set a stable government for the rest of the Tudors

They had two sons and one daughter

that survived infancy

Arthur married Catherine of Aragon

of Spain (Daughter of Queen Isabela and

King Ferdinand)

King Henry VIII of England

1491-1547

Arthur died, and Henry VIII got permission from the Pope to marry

Catherine

King Henry VIII is Named Defender of Faith• Published In Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin

Luther• The Pope awarded him Defender of Faith

Catherine of Aragon could not give King Henry VIII a son (only a daughter named Mary survived)

Henry needed a son as an heir

He wanted a divorce for Catherine but the Pope refused because that would create an enemy with Spain

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII fell in love with Anne Boleyn

Anne refused to have an affair with Henry which meant that he would have to divorce Catherine

Act of Supremacy

1531

• Named him and all future heirs were the head of the Church of England

• Pope could not intervene in England• Now Henry VIII could divorce Catherine

Anglican Church

Henry VIII enlisted Thomas Cranmer as his assistant to create this new church

Two of Henry’s most trusted advisors, Moore and Wolsey were charged with treason

Henry married Anne Boleyn in 1532

They have one daughter together, named Elizabeth in 1533

Anne gives birth to a still-born son the next year

Uh-oh for Anne Boleyn!

Henry accused Anne of cheating and had her executed

Jane Seymour

Henry VIII married Jane only 11 days after Anne’s execution

They had a son together named Edward

Jane died giving birth to Edward

The Pilgrimage of Grace

• The creation of the Protestant Anglican Church caused uproar in the Catholic part of Northern England

• Many people immigrated to the Americas

When King Henry VIII died,

the throne passed to his only son King

Edward VI

King Edward VI (1537-

1553)Edward VI took the

throne at the age of 10, and was too young to marry

He was the first English monarch to be raised in the Anglican Church

Reforming the Anglican Church

Edward enlisted in the help of Thomas Cranmer

Created the English Book of Common Prayer (Anglican prayers)

Made the Anglican Church more Protestant in its traditions and beliefs

Edward fell ill at 16He didn’t want his half sister Mary to

rule because she was CatholicHe makes it so his Anglican cousin,

Lade Jane Grey will take power

Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days until she was

executed by her cousin, Mary

Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)

Mary was a super Catholic

She promised religious toleration to the Anglicans

But in reality she tortured and burned many of them at the stake

She is given the nickname “Bloody Mary”

She also married her first cousin, and King of

Spain, Phillip II

The two of them were very

Catholic and suppressed any

Protestant movements

Mary dies with no children

Power will pass onto

her Anglican half-sister Elizabeth

Queen Elizabeth I

The English welcomed her after the harsh reign of Mary I

She gave Anglicans more rights and practiced religious toleration

She had many domestic and foreign threats

The Elizabethan Settlement

A compromise between the Catholics and the Anglicans

The Anglican Church became the official church of England and all sermons would be in England

The sermons would seem more Catholic

Monarchy is head of the Church and not the Pope

The Pope told the English people that

Elizabeth I was illegitimate and not to follow her

Regnans in Excelsis

“The Virgin Queen”Queen Elizabeth I refused to marry

because she feared that her husband would take her power

Many English people didn’t trust Elizabeth because they didn’t believe that a woman could rule without a husband

Queen Mary of Scots Mary of Scots was

forced to abdicate her throne after she was accused of assassinating her husband

She went to Elizabeth for help

She was next in line for the English throne and was accused of many failed assassinations of Elizabeth

Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots executed after 18 years of failed assassination plots

The Spanish Armada

King Phillip attacked Elizabeth to try to restore Catholicism in EnglandElizabeth defeated the Armada at the Battle of Gravelines in 1588

When Elizabeth I

died,power

passed to her

cousin’s son

Charles I, starting

the Stuart Dynasty