FOREIGN LANGUAGEFACULTY

WELCOME TO GROUP 3Subject Writing 4

Members 1. Lê Thị Hồng Ngọc (Leader)

2. Phạm Nguyệt Nga

3. Nguyễn Thị Thủy Tiên

4. Vũ Thị Thu Trang

- General statements- Thesis statement

ConclusionBody

Paragraph 3IntroductionBody

Paragraph 1Body

Paragraph 2

Body Paragraph- Support mainidea of thesisstatement- Begin with Topicsentence

Summary mainpoints of the essay

UNITY&

COHERENCE

CONTENT

A. UnityI/ What is unity? II/ How to keep unity in an essay

B. CoherenceI/ What is coherence?II/ How to achieve coherence

III/ Arrange ideas in logical order

A. Unity

A. UNITY

TOPIC/ MAIN IDEA

I/ WHAT IS UNITY?

II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY

A. Unity

People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand

made Persian carpet when they can get a machine-

made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less

money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials

used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and

treated by hand, and only the finest material are used.

Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by

inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no

ability to distinguish good material from poor ones.

Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no

other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing

unique, however, about a machine-made carpet.

Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are

produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian

carpet increases with age, while a machine-made

carpet is usually worthless after only a few years’ use.

As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in

the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in

museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a

work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are

much more valuable than their machine-made

imitation.

Supporting ideas/ sentences

Topic sentence

A. Unity

People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand

made Persian carpet when they can get a machine-

made carpet that is just as attractive and costs less

money. The answer is very simple. First, the materials

used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and

treated by hand, and only the finest material are used.

Machine-made carpets, on the other hand, are made by

inanimate devices that have no sense of quality and no

ability to distinguish good material from poor ones.

Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no

other carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing

unique, however, about a machine-made carpet.

Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets are

produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian

carpet increases with age, while a machine-made

carpet is usually worthless after only a few years’ use.

As a result, machine-made carpets often wind up in

the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in

museums. In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a

work of art, and for this reason Persian carpets are

much more valuable than their machine-made

imitation.

Conclusion

- Topic Sentence-Supporting ideasor sentences- Conclusion

II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY

A. Unity

Answer exercise 1:

Paragraph 1

1. Topic sentence: Adventure travel is the hot

trend in the tourism industry.

2. People of all ages are choosing educational

study tours for their vacations.

Paragraph 2:

1. Topic sentence: Daredevil sports are also

becoming popular.

2. Soccer is also popular in the United States

now, although football is still more popular.

II/ HOW TO KEEP UNITY IN AN ESSAY

A. Unity

A. UNITY

One and only

one main idea

from

beginning to

end

Every

supporting

sentence must

directly explain

or prove the

main idea

Only one

advantage/

disadvantage…

in each

paragraph

II/ HOW TO ACHIEVE ESSAY

I/ What is coherence?

COHERENCE = HOLD TOGETHER

B. COHERENCE

B. COHERENCE

B. COHERENCE

B. COHERENCE

People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian

carpet when they can get a machine-made carpet that is just as

attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the

materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated

by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made

carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have

no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from

poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other

carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a

machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets

are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet

increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless

after only a few years’ use. As a result, machine-made carpets often

wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums.

In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this

reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine-

made imitation.

People sometimes ask why they should buy a hand made Persian

carpet when they can get a machine-made carpet that is just as

attractive and costs less money. The answer is very simple. First, the

materials used in a Persian carpet are gathered selected, and treated

by hand, and only the finest material are used. Machine-made

carpets, on the other hand, are made by inanimate devices that have

no sense of quality and no ability to distinguish good material from

poor ones. Second, each handmade Persian carpet is unique; no other

carpet is exactly like it. They are is nothing unique, however, about a

machine-made carpet. Hundreds and hundreds of identical carpets

are produced by machines. Finally, the value of a Persian carpet

increases with age, while a machine-made carpet is usually worthless

after only a few years’ use. As a result, machine-made carpets often

wind up in the trash, while Persian carpet may turn up in museums.

In short, each handmade Persian carpet is a work of art, and for this

reason Persian carpets are much more valuable than their machine-

made imitation.

II/ HOW TO ACHIEVE COHERENCE

Repetition of Key Nouns

Transition Signals

Consistent Pronouns

Nouns Substitutes

B. COHERENCE

1. REPETITION OF KEY NOUNS

EXERCISE

ANSWER

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important

characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous

beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is

suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental

purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will

remain beautiful forever. For example, a

Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as

the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another

important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to.

industry and science. For many years, it has been

use in hundreds of industrial applications, such as

photography and dentistry. The most recent use of

gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-

plated heat shields for protection when they go

outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is

treasured not only for its beauty but also for its

utility.

Gold

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important

characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous

beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is

suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental

purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will

remain beautiful forever. For example, a

Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as

the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another

important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to.

industry and science. For many years, it has been

use in hundreds of industrial applications, such as

photography and dentistry. The most recent use of

gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-

plated heat shields for protection when they go

outside spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is

treasured not only for its beauty but also for its

utility.

Realize the

key noun

2. NOUNS SUBSTITUTES

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important

characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that

is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for

jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never

needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For

example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished

today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another

important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to.

industry and science. For many years, it has been use

in hundreds of industrial applications, such as

photography and dentistry. The most recent use of

gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated

heat shields for protection when they go outside

spaceships in space. In conclusion, gold is treasured not

only for its beauty but also for its utility.

B. COHERENCE

3. TRANSITION SIGNALS

B. COHERENCE

Chronology Comparison ContrastAdditional

informationExample

Cause and

effect

Concluding

ideas

before

after

next

since

first, second

while

when

Likewise

Compared to

Similarly

As…..as

and

However

On the other

hand

But

Yet

In spite of

In contrast

Although

instead

And

Also

In addition

In fact

Furthermore

Moreover

For example

In general

Generally

For instance

Specifically

In particular

Therefore

So

Thus

As a result

Since

because

In conclusion

In summary

Finally

Therefore

To conclude

To summarize

3. TRANSITION SIGNALS

B. COHERENCE

3. TRANSITION SIGNALS

Instead of focusing on a patient’s health problems,

Chinese medicine tries to make the patient’s whole

body well again. In particular/ Specifically, doctor

of Chinese medicine believe that inside people, there

are two types of energy. The first type of energy, call

“yin”, is quiet and passive. The other type of energy,

called “yang”, is active. When there is an imbalance –

too much yin, for example/ instance - a person

becomes unhealthy. A doctor of Chinese medicine

doesn’t try to stop a person’s cough by giving a cough

medicine. Instead/ Rather, the doctor give a mixture

of herbs that will restore balance in the patient’s body.

Therefore/ Thus, when the body is in balance, the

cough will stop naturally.

ANSWER

4. CONSISTENT PRONOUNS

Olympic Athletes

Olympic athletes must be strong both physically and

mentally. First of all, if you hope to compete in an

Olympic sport, you must be physically strong.

Furthermore, aspiring Olympians must train rigorously

for many years. For the most demanding sports, they

train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for

ten or more years. In addition to being physically strong,

athletes must also be mentally tough. This means that

you have to be totally dedicated to your sport, often

giving up a normal school, family, and social life. Being

mentally strong also means that he or she must be able

to withstand the intense pressure of international

competition with its accompanying media coverage.

Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so Olympians

must possess the inner strength to live with defeat.

ANSWER

you they

III/ LOGICAL ORDER

ANSWER

Paragraph 1: Chronological Order

Paragraph 2: Comparison/Contrast

B. COHERENCE

III/ LOGICAL ORDER

Type of writing

1. Chronology (historical

events, personal narratives,

processes)

2. Description

3. Classification

4. Comparison/ Contrast

5. Cause/ Effect, Argument/

Persuasion

Type of organization

a. Order by position, size, and

shape of things

b. Organize in point-by-point

or subject-by-subject (block

style)

c. Order by time or order of

events/ steps

d. Order from least important

to most important

e. Group ideas and explain

them in a logical order

REVIEW

1Every good paragraph has both unity and

coherence.

2

3

You achieve coherence by:

• repeating key nouns.

• using consistent pronouns.

• using transition signals.

• arranging your ideas in some kind of logical order.

You achieve unity by:

• discussing only one idea in a paragraph.

• always staying on the topic in your supporting

sentences.

End of our presentation

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