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A summary of lecture note with some experiments and tasks on the science subject for Roong Aroon school's M.3 term 1/2553.
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7.
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9.
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8.
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6.
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/ “Weather Diary”
5.
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3.
“My Sci Project”
13. Sci Camp: “Is Global Warming?” Weather Forecasting /Evidences of Human Impact on Global Warming
12.
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11.
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10.
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/ “My Energy Footprint”
1.
?
W e a t h e r A c a d e m y
4. The Atmosphere
/
/ 2.
“Some are weatherwise, some are otherwise …”
Benjamin Franklin
•
ATMOSPHERE - -
•
•
%
•
TROPOSPHERE -
-
1770
Joseph
Priestley
(phlogiston –
- -
Antoine Lavoisier
Oxygen (21%)
(combustion)
(rust – iron oxide)
2 (Ozone)
Nitrogen (78%)
Argon, Carbon Dioxide,
and other trace gases
* (dry air)
(water vapor)
•
•
•
4
1. Troposphere)
2. Stratosphere)
3. Mesosphere)
4. Thermosphere)
2
Ionosphere
Exosphere
TROPOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
Ionosphere
Exosphere
• 2
• 16
10
9
•
•
•
.
•
• –.
(O3)
Ozonosphere)
•
UV
•
50
.
•
-90 oC
•
•
0.001% 1
•
80
•
800 oC
IONOSPHERE
• 80
– .
•
•
- (aurora)
EXOSPHERE)
3.
4. -
5.
1.
2.
-
-
•
•
Cumulus)
Stratus)
Cirrus)
• 1903 Luke
Howard
10
•
•
1.
(drizzle)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
cumulonimbu
s)
•
•
(Density) (Pressure)
•
•
(air column)
•
•
•
•
1644 EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI
“Torricelli’s emptiness”
10
a. 1
b.
c.
76
Vacuum
13.6
13.6
mm.)
(atm)
(millibar) inchHg)
•
•
2
•
•
•
•
1.
2. nature sketch
3.
22 15.30 2
8,800
1 4
altimeter)
mmHg)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
!
1.
2.
3.
hot plate
4.
•
•
•
•
3
1.
Conduction - -
2.
Convection
- -
3.
Radiation
- - -
heat
convection
current
30o
60o
2
Gustave Gaspard de Coriolis
1792 – 1843
6
30 30
•
•
•
•
•Mausim
season)
•
1.
Southwest monsoon)
2.
Northeast monsoon)
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(water vapor)
(condensation)
(dew point)
(condensation nuclei –)
(aerosol -)
(stratus)
U-TURN -
22 52 -
U-TURN
(
U-TURN
(Bloggang.com)
-
-
(HAIL)
(saturated air)
(dew point)
I. Absolute Humidity)
=
II. Relative Humidity)
(%)
=
X 100%
–
(oC)
Relative Humidity
( - )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
0 81
2 83 67
4 85 70 56
6 86 72 59 46
8 87 74 62 51 39
10 88 76 65 54 43 33
12 88 78 67 57 48 38 28
14 89 79 69 60 50 41 33 25
16 90 80 71 62 54 45 37 29 21
18 91 81 72 64 56 48 40 33 26 19
20 91 82 74 66 58 51 44 36 30 23 17
22 92 83 75 68 60 53 46 40 33 27 21 15
24 92 84 76 69 62 55 49 42 36 30 25 20 14
26 92 85 77 70 64 57 51 45 39 34 28 23 18 13
28 93 86 78 71 65 59 53 45 42 36 31 26 21 17 12
30 93 86 79 72 66 61 55 49 44 39 34 29 25 20 16 12
32 93 86 80 73 68 62 56 51 46 41 36 32 27 22 19 14 11
34 93 86 81 74 69 63 58 52 48 43 38 34 30 26 22 18 14 11
36 94 87 81 75 69 64 59 54 50 44 40 36 32 28 24 21 17 13 10
38 94 87 82 76 70 66 60 55 51 46 42 38 34 30 26 23 20 16 13 10
40 94 89 82 76 71 67 61 57 52 48 44 40 36 33 29 25 22 19 16 13 10
Wet BulbDry Bulb
Wet and Dry Hygrometer
-
60%
100% 100%
(supersaturated)
(
(C)
(
( (%)
30 30 9 9/30*100 = 30%
20 17 9 9/17*100 = 53%
10 9 9 9/9*100 = 100%
(Temperature)
(Thermometer)
: oC)
: (oF)
: (K)
(oF) (oR)
(oC)(K)
(1714)
(1731)
(1742) (1848)
212 80 100 373
32 0 0 273
-
-
-
-
C = R = F - 32 = K - 273 = X - M
5 4 9 5 B - M
C = K - 273 K = 273 + C
C = F - 32
5 9
0 oC
12.8 oC
10 oC
3.9 oC
5.6 oC
-3.9 oC
-
(Melting Point)
(Boiling
Point)
• (Specific Heat Capacity – C)
• C cal/g oC , J/ kg oC , J/ kg K
• 1 (cal) 1 g 1 oC
• 1 cal/g oC
1 1 1 oC
Q = m c ∆t(cal)
(g) (cal/g oC )
(oC )
I.
II.
• (Specific Latent Heat – L)
• L cal/g , kcal/ kg , J/ kg
• (Lf) 80
1 g 0 oC 80
• (Lv) 540
1 g 100 oC 540
Q = m L(cal)
(g)
(cal/g )
•
•
•
•
•
(Depression)
2. Tropical Storm)
•
•
-
•
•
(Typhoon)
Cyclone)
Hurricane)
- Willy-Willy)
Joint
Typhoon Warning Center JTWC)
Tropical Depression (TD); – -
Tropical Storm (TS); - -
Typhoon (Category 1); - -
Typhoon (Category 2); - -
Typhoon (Category 3); - -
Typhoon (Category 4); - -
Super Typhoon (Category 5);
Infiltration
Ground water
Bedrock
Ocean
Percolation
Evaporation
Transpiration
Rainfall
Condensation
Water vapor
Solid
Liquid
0.4 %
