05/01/20231

WHAT SCIENCE IS AND WHAT SCIENCE ISN’T?

Sami-ud-DinRiphah International University

Sami.uddin@Riphah.edu.pk+923335952403

یاک

ر ک او

س سائن

ہے

یا یں نہے

ہ؟

احثہمب

05/01/20232

IN THE PAST MAN WAS THE CENTER OF EARTHBUT TODAY MAN IS THE INTERPRETER OF NATURE…….. NATURE IS THE CENTER THIS UNIVERSE

In the words of Bacon's Novum organum, "For man is but the interpreter of nature; what he does and what he knows is only what he has observed of nature's order in fact or in thought; beyond this he knows nothing and can do nothing. . . . All depends on keeping the eye steadily fixed upon the facts of nature and so receiving the images simply as they are."

05/01/20233

SCIENCE IS TO TEST THE VALIDITY OF PREVIOUS ASSUMPTIONS

Before Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) earth was the center of universe. Galileo was reminded of that previous direction when he was taken to Rome and condemned because his "proposition that the sun is in the center of the world and immovable from its place is absurd . . . because it is expressly contrary to Holy Scripture“. The success and everyday application of modern physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and the other sciences is forceful evidence of the validity of the modern approach.

05/01/20234

SCIENCE ISN'T ART

Art is very individualistic. It has to have purity of expression that can only come from one person. In the performing arts, art is generally the concept of one person. Art expresses the concept of the artist.

جیسا موڈ ویسا منظر ہوتا ہے …………موسم توانسان کےاندرہوتاہے This is your eye that defines beauty of an artist’s masterpiece. On the other hand science has no individualistic approach.

One’s scientist work on neutrino resembles with the works of hundred scientist on the same subject because there involves no subjectivity. (if we ignore time factor). All the works on the same subject matter are free from space.

05/01/20235

SCIENCE MAY SOMETIMES DOESN’T ESTHETICALLY OR EMOTIONALLY SATISFY

Atoms can be shown to decay, species can be shown to change, continents can be shown to move, merge, and split in random ways, the universe can be shown to be changing explosively, and that's OK – because its science.

05/01/20236

SCIENCE IS NOT TECHNOLOGY

In fact, science doesn't make things. Scientists developed the understanding of radiation sufficient for the invention of the microwave oven, but neither making a microwave oven nor using it are science. Scientists are in the business of generating knowledge, whereas engineers are in the business of generating technology.

آالات اور مشینیں بنارہے آادم خی)ل میں کتنے سائنٹسٹس ہیں جو روزانہ نت نئ)ے سیالکوٹ،گوجرگڑھی یا درہ ہیں؟

05/01/20237

SCIENCE DOESN’T NEED SOPHISTICATED TECHNOLOGY

the only technology in common to all science is the notebook in which observations are recorded.

In short, science often leads to technology, and it often uses technology, but it isn't technology, and in fact it can operate quite independently of technology.

آالات تھ)ے نظری)ہ اضافت متعارف آائی)ن س)ٹائین انک)ل ک)ے پاس کون کونس)ے جدی)د تری)ن کراتے وقت؟

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05/01/20238

SCIENCE ISN'T TRUTH AND IT ISN'T CERTAINTY…… THE DISCUSSION OF SCIENTIFIC AND UNSCIENTIFIC TRUTH

Scientists do not know Truth and do not generate Truth. They propose and test theories, knowing that future evidence may cause refinement, revision, or even rejection of today's theories. If they find their theories true after performing several tests, they assume that up till now our such and such theory is final but it remains still open for scientific enquiries and tests. Like the theory that earth revolves around the sun. However, no human has observed the solar system and seen the earth traveling in an orbit around the sun. It's just a theory, if a nearly inescapable one

by de

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05/01/20239

SCIENCE ISN'T TRUTH AND IT ISN'T CERTAINTY…… THE DISCUSSION OF SCIENTIFIC AND UNSCIENTIFIC TRUTH

The Quran, for example, is often held up as containing all knowledge, and as being literal and infallible Truth.

( 2:2ذلك الكتاب ال ريب فيه هدى للمتقين) أفال يتدبرون القرآن ولو كان من عند غير الله لوجدوا

(04:82فيه اختالفا كثيرا )God is the ultimate reality about Whom Religion Islam

gives us real knowledge as:( مد )1قل هو الله أحد ( ولم يكن له 3( لم يلد ولم يولد )2( الله الص

(112:04كفوا أحد ) No science book has ever been endorsed that way, nor should it ever be in future.

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05/01/202310

SCIENCE ISN'T RELIGION

Science uses physical evidence to answer its questions and relies on modern humans to make inferences from that evidence. Religions, on the other hand, commonly use divine inspiration, interpretation of ancient texts, and (in some cases) personal insight as the source of the answers to their questions.

Science seeks to explain the origin, nature, and processes of the physically detectable universe. Religion seeks (or religions seek) to explain the meaning of human existence, to define the nature of the human soul, to justify the existence of an afterlife for humans, and to maintain devotion and worship.

Science is the study of the natural world. When individuals start quibbling about the supernatural, science goes out the window.

Science is

nothing but the human

mental efforts to explore, descr

ibe and

exploit th

e mysteries o

f any stra

nge

phenomenon dectecta

ble

05/01/202311

ROLE OF RELIGION

Metaphysical phenomenon

Physical phenomenon

Religion

05/01/202312

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION

Science uses physical evidence to answer its questions and relies on modern humans to make inferences from that evidence.

Religions, on the other hand, commonly use divine inspiration, interpretation of Religious Scriptures like the Quran and Sunnah, and (in some cases) personal insight (Ijtihad and Qiyas in Islam) as the source of the answers to their questions. Science and religion thus are not, or should not be, competing approaches, because they seek to accomplish different things, and by different methods.

05/01/202313

Science starts from the doubt and reaches to physical reality while Religion extinguishes the doubts and satisfies the quest for reality by providing divine insightment.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION

05/01/202314

SCIENCE IS ALWAYS OPEN TO REJECTION OR CONFIRMATION

Science is "a set of methods designed to describe and interpret observed or inferred phenomena, past or present, aimed at building a testable body of knowledge open to rejection or confirmation.“ (Michael Shermer)

05/01/202315

IS SCIENCE BIAS FREE?

Science is not a "belief system" but a process and methodology for seeking an objective reality. Of course because scientific exploration is a human endeavor it comes with all the flaws of humanity: ego, short-sightedness, corruption and greed. But unlike a "belief system" such as religion untethered to an objective truth, science is over time self-policing; competing scientists have a strong incentive to corroborate and build on the findings of others; but equally, to prove other scientists wrong by means that can be duplicated by others.

05/01/202316

IS SCIENCE BIAS FREE?

"Bias, preconceived ideas, academic politics, ego and resistance to change are ever-present in scientific and academic communities and often result in institutional opposition to new theories, especially ground-breaking ones. Many scientists initially resisted Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo because they presented a new paradigm of the universe.“

Science is indeed fallible, and scientists suffer from all the usual human shortcomings.

05/01/202317

WHAT SCIENCE CAN DO AND WHAT CANNOT?

The reach of science might seem to be endless, but it is not. Science has definite limits:

05/01/202318

1- SCIENCE DOESN'T MAKE MORAL JUDGMENTS

Science cannot make any judgments about whether that state of affairs is right, wrong, good, or bad.

Questions that usually start with “why and what” are not the subject of science, like

Why human being is created? Why earth is created? What is the purpose of creation of Universe? What after this life? ……………… ……………….

05/01/202319

2- SCIENCE DOESN'T MAKE AESTHETIC JUDGMENTS

Science can tell us how our eyes relay information about color to our brains, but science cannot tell us whether a masterpiece of an artist, a particular performance of an actor in a stage drama, or a painting is beautiful or dreadful. Individuals make those decisions for themselves based on their own aesthetic taste and criteria.

05/01/202320

3- SCIENCE DOESN'T TELL YOU HOW TO USE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

One can imagine both positive and negative ways that scientific knowledge could be used.

سائنس) ہمیں یہ نہیں بتاسکتی کہ سائنسی علوم کو انسان کے فائدے کے لئے یانقصان کے لئے استعمال کئے جائے۔ اس قسم کا فیصلہ انسان ہی کرتاہے۔ سائنس زیادہ سے زیادہ بس یہ کہ فیسلیٹیٹ کرتی ہے۔

05/01/202321

4- SCIENCE DOESN'T DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT SUPERNATURAL EXPLANATIONS

Does God exist? Do super natural entities (فرشتے، جنات، شیاطین) intervene in human affairs? These questions may be important, but science won't help you answer them. Questions that deal with supernatural explanations are, by definition, beyond the realm of nature — and hence, also beyond the realm of what can be studied by science. For many, such questions are matters of personal faith and spirituality Religion can guide you exactly.

05/01/202322

RELIGION HAS DEEP IMPACTS ON SCIENCE

Moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, decisions about applications of science, and conclusions about the supernatural are outside the realm of science, but that doesn't mean that these realms are unimportant. In fact, domains such as ethics, aesthetics, and religion fundamentally influence human societies and how those societies interact with science. Neither are such domains unscholarly. In fact, topics like aesthetics, morality, and theology are actively studied by philosophers, historians, and other scholars. However, questions that arise within these domains generally cannot be resolved by science.

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05/01/202323

FOR ADVANCE STUDIES

1- Understanding the Divine WhispersBy: Haqqie Mujeeb22, Urdu Bazar, M.A. Jinah Road, Karchi 74200 Pakistan Cell: 03238227300

2- The Miraculus Quran, A challenge to Science and MathematicsBy: Sultan Bashir Mehmood

3- دریافتیں سائنسی اور آان قرڈاکٹرذاکرنائیک

4- العظیم الفوز) امتیاز ) ستارہ بشیرمحمود سلطان

کمیشن انرجی اٹامک پاکستان5- Quran the last Miracle By: Ahmad Didat

For ad

vanc

ed st

udies