Equipment Management: Productivity, operational cost, owing and hiring cost.

Constriction equipment: Earth moving equipment Hauling equipments Hoisting equipments Conveying Equipments, Concrete Production equipments, Tunneling equipments.

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BY MODASSAR ANSARI 3RD Year Department of civil Engineering SUBJECT- Construction Technology And Management SUBJECT CODE-NCE 603

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In the case of huge construction project, speedy work and timely completion are very vital due to this reason mechanization of most of the work has done.

Proper use of appropriate equipment contribute to economy, quality,safety,speed and timely completion of project.

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Earth moving equipment Hauling equipment Hoisting equipment Conveying equipment Aggregate and concrete product equipment Pile driving equipments Tunneling and rock drilling equipments Pumping and dewatering equipment

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The equipment under this are broadly classified in three category

Excavating equipment Excavating and earth moving equipment Earth compacting equipment a) Power shovel b) Back hoe c) Drag line d) Clamshell e) Trenching machine

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Excavating equipment Power shovel Back hoe Drag line Clamshell Trenching machine Excavating and earth moving equipment

Scrapers Bull dozer Tractor

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Power shovels are used primarily to excavate earth and load it into trucks or tractor–pulled wagons or onto conveyer belts. They are capable of excavating all classes of earth, except solid rock, without prior loosening. They may be mounted on crawler trucks (crawler-mounted shovels), such shovels have very low travel speed but their wide treads give low soil pressures, which permit them to operate on soft ground. Below figure illustrates a crawler-mounted shovel. Power shovels may be mounted on pneumatic tired wheels

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A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader, the latter forming a 'backhoe loader'. The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper-stick , terms derived from steam shovels. The boom is generally attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the king-post, which allows the arm to pivot left and right, usually through a total of around 180–200 degrees.

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Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard, lifting cranes, and the heavy units which have to be built on-site. Most crawler cranes, with an added winch drum on the front, can act as a dragline. These units (like other cranes) are designed to be dismantled and transported over the road on flatbed trailers. Draglines used in civil engineering are almost always of this smaller, crane type. These are used for road, port construction, pond and canal dredging, and as pile driving rigs.

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A clamshell is a one-piece container consisting of two halves joined by a hinge area which allows the structure to come together to close. Clamshells are often made of a shaped plastic material, in a way that is similar to a blister pack. The name of the clamshell is taken from the shell of a clam, which it resembles both in form and function.

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A Trencher is a piece of construction equipment used to dig trenches especially for laying pipes or cables for installing drainage or in preparation for trench warfare Trenchers may range in size from walk-behind models, to attachments for a skid loader or tractor to very heavy tracked heavy equipment.

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In civil engineering a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of heavy equipment used for earthmoving. The rear part of the scraper has a vertically moveable hopper with a sharp horizontal front edge which can be raised or lowered. The front edge cuts into the soil, like a carpenter's plane cutting wood, and fills the hopper. When the hopper is full it is raised, closed, and the scraper can transport its load to the fill area where it is dumped. With a type called an 'elevating scraper' a conveyor belt moves material from the cutting edge into the hopper.

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The most common hauling equipment used for Army construction work are the 5- and 20-ton dump trucks, both of which are organic to most engineer units. Equipment trailers are used to transport heavy construction equipment not designed for cross-country travel. They are also used to haul long, oversize items and packaged items.

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A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium. The load is attached to the hoist by means of a lifting hook.

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The concrete production, transportation and placement, relies on the use of very specialized equipment. The proper production, transportation and placement of concrete on-site is associated with the proper use of the existing equipment.

The concrete production equipment has an important role, since it allows performing mixtures of concrete constituents in several forms, moreover, allows performing appropriate mixtures regarding the required final properties of concrete.

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A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor systems. A belt conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with an endless loop of carrying medium the conveyor belt that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors.Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden and more.

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A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a meter (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25m. Tunnels of less than a meter or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.

Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional "hand mining" in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanized areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. The longer the tunnel, the less the relative cost of tunnel boring machines versus drill and blast methods. This is because tunneling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in shortened completion times, assuming they operate successfully.

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