MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION ONULTRA SONIC BASED NEVER FALLING ROBOT.

GUIDE: DR. B. VISVESVARA RAO

Professor & HOD

Adithya.R ………………...….11E31A0401[ECE-A IV Year]A.Sindhu Reddy………….…11E31A0402[ECE-A IV Year]Anirudh Kulkarni…………..11E31A0403[ECE-A IV Year]A.Bhanuteja………………….11E31A0404[ECE-A IV Year]B.Bharath Kumar Reddy…11E31A0405[ECE-A IV Year]

OBJECTIVE & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT.....

The project uses an Ultra-Sonic sensor in making a bot which

never falls by integrating the ultra-sonic sensor with Atmega8

controller.

Ultrasound is inaudible to humans

ultrasound waves can be produced with high directivity

There are wide application of ultrasonic sensor like in car parking assistance, range detection.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power supply with an output voltage of +5v

Atmega8 microcontroller

Ultrasonic sensor

Motor driving IC-L293D

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded systems use RTOS.

Embedded systems are designed for a particular function.

Applications:

• Consumer electronics: -- cell phones, digital cameras,

calculators.

• Home appliances: -- microwave ovens, answering

machines, thermostat, home security, washing machines,

and lighting systems.

• Office automation: -- fax machines, copiers, printers, and

scanners.

• Automobiles: -- transmission

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Single-functioned

Tightly constrained

Reactive and real-time

DESIGN OVERVIEW

ATMEGA 8- A modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller

FEATURES OF ATMEGA 8 MEMORY: 8 Kb of Flash program memory

512 Bytes of EEPROM

1Kbyte Internal SRAM

I/O Ports: 23 I/o lines from Port B, Port C and Port D.

INTERRUPTS: Two External Interrupt source, located at port D.

TIMER/COUNTER: Three Internal Timers are available, two 8 bit, one 16 bit, offering various operating modes and supporting internal or external clocking.

SPI (Serial Peripheral interface): Four pins are assigned to Atmega8 to implement this scheme of communication.

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER:

Inbuilt analog to digital converter can convert an analog input signal into digital data of 10bit resolution. For most of the low end application, this much resolution is enough.

USART

TWI (Two Wire Interface)

Block Diagram Of ATMEGA 8

L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC - The L293D is ideal for

controlling the motions of small DC motors controlled by

a microcontroller

Features:

• 600 mA Output Current Capability Per Driver

• Wide Supply Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V

• High-Noise-Immunity Inputs

Voltage Regulator LM7805

Linear Monolithic positive supply of 5V

DIODE- The 1N4007 series is a family of popular 1.0 A

Sensor-HCSR04 Ultra Sonic Sensor.

Vcc Trig Echo GND

CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION

EXECUTION

Compiler/IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

- Used Code Vision AVR (CVAVR)

Programmer- Pony Prog . For dumping the program into ATMEGA 8

USB Programmer

Code Vision AVR (CVAVR)

CHIP

Program:

#include <mega8.h>

#include <delay.h>

{

DDRC.0=1;

DDRC.1=1;

DDRC.2=1;

DDRC.3=1;

DDRC.4=0;

While (1)

{

PORTC.0=1;

PORTC.1=0;

PORTC.2=1;

PORTC.3=0;

if (PINC.4==1)

{

PORTC.0=1;

PORTC.1=1;

PORTC.2=1;

PORTC.3=1;

delay_ms(100);

PORTC.0=0;

PORTC.1=1;

PORTC.2=0;

PORTC.3=1;

delay_ms(500);

PORTC.0=1;

PORTC.1=1;

PORTC.2=1;

PORTC.3=0;

delay_ms (500);

PORTC.0=1;

PORTC.1=1;

PORTC.2=1;

PORTC.3=1;

delay_ms (200);

}

}

}

TESTING AND CONCLUSION

The prototype consists of:

1. Motor

2. Motor driver IC (L293D)

3. PCB with micro controller Atmega 8

4. LED

5. Ultrasonic sensor

6. Resistors

7. Capacitors

COMPLETED BOT

Experimental Results

ADVANTAGES

It is an automatic system, so need of driver is

eliminated.

Human errors can be avoided (accidents are reduced).

Transportation system becomes reliable.

Safety is assured.

Great and a very wide scope of future expansion.

Ultrasonic sensors are not affected by dust, dirt or high-

moisture environments.

APPLICATIONS

Ultrasound waves can be used for applications in

industries/vehicles without hindering human activity.

They are widely used as range meters and proximity

detectors in industries.

Ultrasonic based never falling bots can also be used in

parking assistance system.

Ultrasonic waves have also found various applications in

industrial processing such as ultrasonic machining;

ranging etc. as ultrasonic has advantage over

conventional techniques.

FUTURE SCOPE

Ultrasonic is still in its infancy, it will most likely get

faster and have more memory for storing data.

The range can be considerably increased by using high

power drive circuit.

Ultrasonic based never falling device can be used as

parking assistance system in vehicles using high power

ultrasonic transmitter.

It can be used as assistance for the blind

Automated vehicles for physically and visually

challenged.

Future Applications