2008-10-18

Chinese Medicinal Plant Resources for Mouth Disorders

Chunlin Long & Yilan Zhou

Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

AndCentral University for Nationalities

Virginia Tech, October 2008

2008-10-18

TCMP categories by ailmentsHeadache TCMP, Infection TCMP, Isotis, LoniceraMouth & throat TCMPSkin TCMPHeart TCMPLiver TCMPDigestive TCMPGynecological TCMP…………………

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Types of mouth disorders

ToothacheMouth ulcersCold soresSore throatTonsilitis…………

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How many species of TCMP for mouth disorders (TCMP-MD)？

There are about 2000 species used for oral/dental disorders in China, in which most are plants.Plants: 1800 spp.Animals: 160 spp.Mineral: 10 spp.

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How to discover those TCMP-MD？

Literature studies: Pharmacopeia Sinica, Grand Dictionary of Chinese Herbs, Medicinal Flora of China; and records in ancient literatures or regional/local books.Ethnomedicinal surveys: Based on ethnomedicinaland ethnobotanical approaches, to survey, collect, excavate and document the indigenous knowledge of herbal medicinal resources for dental disorders in local societies. Scientific and experimental investigations: Chemical, pharmacological and clinic medicinal approaches.

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Distribution of TCMP-MD in ChinaYunnan is the distribution center. The far from the center, the less the species number becomes, towards east, north and northeast. The richer its biodiversity, the bigger its species number of herbal medicinal plants for dental disorders in a target area.The richer its cultural diversity (with more ethnic groups), the richer its resources.The southwest China takes the prior position in species and productivity of TCMP-MD resources.

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Distribution in botanical taxa (I)1. Compositae, 87 spp.2. Labiatae, 51 spp.3. Papilionaceae , 50 spp. 4. Ranunculaceae, 44 spp.5. Rosaceae, 39 spp.6. Umbelliferae, 26 spp.7. Berberidaceae, 25 spp.8. Euphorbiaceae, 24 spp.9. Rubiaceae, 24 spp.10. Rutaceae, 24 spp.

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Distribution in botanical taxa (II)

11 Solanaceae , 23 spp.12 Liliaceae, 22 spp.13 Gramineae, 21 spp.14 Polygonaceae, 20 spp.15 Cucurbitaceae, 19 spp.16 Scrophulariaceae, 19 spp.17 Aristolochiaceae, 16 spp.18 Orchidaceae, 16 spp.19 Verbenaceae, 16 spp.b

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Baphicacanthus cusia, Acanthaceae

Part used: root, stem, leafCharacter: cold Qi; sweet (leaf) and bitter (stem and root) taste-QiOrgan emphasized: liver, lung and stomach;Ailments: stomatitis, gum bleeding, sore and parotitisDosage: 10-30g, decoctionCombined medicine: Asarum sieboldii, Phellodendron amurense, Lycium chinense

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Baphicacanthus cusia

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Pistacia chinensis, Anacardiaceae

Part used: leaf buds; decoction, or washCharacter: cold Qi; bitter taste QiOrgans emphasized: heart, liverAilment: Mouth ulcers

2008-10-18 Pistacia chinensis

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Ilex cornuta, AquifoliaceaeParts used: Roots, fruits, leavesRoot: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; Fruit: Cool Qi, sweet taste Qi; Leaf: cool Qi, bitter taste Qi; Organs emphasized: liver, lung and spleenDosage: 1) Toothache, root 15~30g, leaf and fruit 6~15g; decoction; 2) Mumps, root 30g, decoction

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Mahonia bealei, Berberidaceae

Part used: dry rhizome or bark (inner part)Character: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; Organs emphasized: heart and intestinesAilments: teethridge inflammation, gall, stomatitisDosage: rhizome: 9-15 g, decoction; bark: 30 g

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Mahonia bealei, Berberidaceae

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Coriaria sinica, CoriariaceaeParts used: root, barkCharacter: cold Qi; bitter and acrid taste Qis; Poisonous; Organ emphasized: heartAilments: teethridge inflammation; sore tumefactionDosage: 1.5 g, keeping in mouth for 5 minutes, 3-5 times a day

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Coriaria sinica

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Buxus sinica, Buxaceae

Part used: stemCharacter: neutral, bitter taste Qi; organ emphasized: liverAilment: toothacheDosage: 15-30 g, decoction

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Character: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; organs emphzsized: lung and heart Ailments: sore tumefaction, lip inflammation, toothacheDosage: leaf, 9~12g, decoction

Ligustrumsinense var. myrianthum, Oleaceae

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Clematis chinensis, Ranunculaceae

Part used: rootCharacter: warm Qi, acrid and salty taste Qi; PoisonousAilments: toothache, parotitisDosage: mixed with 75% ethanol, spreading on affected parts

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Phellodendron chinense, Rutaceae

Part used: barkCharacter: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; Organs emphasized: heart and liverAilments: sore tumefaction, stomatitis, mouth ulcersDosage: 3~9g, decoction; or grind into powder and spread on affected part

2008-10-18 Phellodendron chinense

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Dendrobium nobile, Orchidaceae. Both ornamental and medicinal plant. Distribution: southern China and southeastern Asia. Used for thirsty, mouth inflammation, and etc.

2008-10-18Dendrobium chrysantum, Orchidaceae, with the same function as Dendrobium nobile. Used for thirsty, tongue without/with less taste buds, inflammation, and etc.

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Belamcanda chinensis, Iridaceae, used for parotitis, inflammation, toothache, and mouth tumefaction

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Hypericum patulum, Hypericaceae, used for stomatitis, toothache, etc.

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Paris polyphylla, Trilliaceae, used for parotitis

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Paeonialactiflora, used for mouth tumefaction

2008-10-18Colocasia esculenta, Araceae, used for

mouth tumefaction

紫芋（新华本草纲要）Colocasia esculenta，为天南

星科芋属植物；性味：味辛，性温，有毒。归经：入胃、大肠经。功效主治：解毒消肿。用于治疗口疮。药用部位：块茎。药用方法：适量水煎服或含漱

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Acknowledgements：

Liu Yi-tao, Lee Songwoo, Li Yanhui

My graduate students: Li Sumei, Yang Chunyan, Liu Yanchun, Li Meilan, Li Rong, Guo Xiaorong, Li Yali, Tang Anjun, Long Bo

Friends from indigenous communities who provide me with their knowledge on medicinal plants used for mouth disorders.

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October, 2008