PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

MADE BY VISHAL JAMES.MSC.NURSING PSYCHIATRIC

Introduction to Psychiatry

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Psychiatry

psyche the Greek for soul/mind and iatros for healer

Psychiatry = healer of the spirit Greek mythology Psyche :Eros

Psyche

Psychiatry medical specialty dealing with the prevention,

assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental illness

in itself and in bodily illness ('psychiatry in medicine')

Clinical depression,bipolar disorder,schizophrenia and anxiety disorders

Primary goal relief of mental suffering and

improvement of mental well-being first doing a thorough diagnostic

assessment of the person from a biological, psychological, and social/cultural perspective

managed by medication or various forms of psychotherapy

Mental health professionals

Psychiatrists Psychologists Psychotherapists Psychiatric nurses Clinical social workers Occupational therapists

Psychologist

specialize in the research and clinical application of psychological technique

Clinical psychology /Clinical psychologists

Psychotherapist Educational psychologist Industrial psychologist

Mental health counselors

Therapists that may hold a Ph.D., a master’s degree or a bachelor’s degree

Marital and family therapists Marriage, family and child

counselors Professional counselors Mental health counselors

Psychiatry in professional practice

Psychiatrists Medical doctors specialize and are certified in treating

mental illness using the biomedical approach

(medications,electroconvulsive therapy,etc)

may also go through significant training to conduct psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy

Psychiatrists as medical professional roles

evaluate the patient for any medical problems or diseases that may be the cause of the mental illness

conduct physical examinations order and interpret laboratory tests

and EEGs order brain imaging studies such as

CT or CAT , MRI, and PET scanning

Psychiatrists (others roles)

some only perform research and/or work in an academic setting

may only hold research degrees or a combination of psychiatry doctorates (such as an M.D. and Ph.D.)

Psychiatric subspecialties

Child and adolescent psychiatry: child and adolescent psychiatrist

Adult psychiatry Psychiatry of Old Age

(Psychogeriatrics): geriatric psychiatrists /psychogeriatricians( in the UK and Australia )

Learning disability Behavioral medicine Consultation-liaison psychiatry

Psychiatric subspecialties

Emergency psychiatry Addiction psychiatry Forensic psychiatry: forensic

psychiatrists Military psychiatry Industrial psychiatry:psychiatrists

in the US (occupational psychology is the name used for the most similar discipline in the UK

Other subspecialties

Psychopharmacology Neuropsychiatry Psychoneuroendocrinology psychoneuroimmunology Cross cultural psychiatry Community psychiatry Social psychiatry

Diagnostic systems of psychiatric disorders

ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)

the World Health Organisation : used world wide

In USA: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM IV-TR, 2000)

DSM :has five axes

Axis I: Psychiatric disorders Axis II: Personality disorders / mental

retardation Axis III: General medical conditions Axis IV: Social functioning and impact

of symptoms Axis V: Global Assessment of

Functioning (described using a scale from 1 to 100)

Psychiatric treatment

In the past, psychiatric patients were often hospitalized for six months or more, with some cases involving hospitalization for many years

Today, most psychiatric patients are managed as outpatients

Average hospital stay is around 2-3 weeks (with only a small number of cases involving long-term hospitalization)

Outpatient care

periodically visit for consultation Office base usually 30 - 60 mins psychiatric practitioner interviewing assessment of the patient's condition provide psychotherapy or review medication frequency : varies widely, from days to months depending on the type, severity and stability

of each patient's condition, and on what the clinician and patient decide would be best

Inpatient care

Inpatient care

admitted to a hospital, sometimes involuntarily criteria for involuntary admission vary with

jurisdiction patients are assessed, monitored, and often

given medication and receive care from a multidisciplinary team

physicians, nurses, psychologists, occupational therapists, psychotherapists, social workers, and other medical professionals

If necessary, they are prevented from harming themselves or others.

Art,Music,Fam’ist

OT

SO

CLI.Psy

Com. Psy.Nu

Psy’Nu

Psy’ist

A multidisciplinary team treatmentA multidisciplinary team treatment

Biomedical treatment

Biomedical treatmentElectroconvulsive therapy

Biomedical treatmentTrans-cranial magnetic stimulation

Psychological treatment

Meditation Psychotherapy

Counselling

Psychological treatment Relaxation therapy

Psychological treatment

Group therapy

Psychiatric rehabilitation

Others :Music therapy

Art therapy/Aromatherapy

Art therapy