1. UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL A DISTANCIA COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIN
A DISTANCIA COORDINACIN ACADMICA INGLS UNDCIMO CDIGO: 80025
ANTOLOGAS CONED 2011
2. El CONED agradece a OLMAN CANTILLO BADILLA por la eleccin y
presentacin de los temas de la presente antologa, as como el aporte
a la educacin secundaria a distancia. Las denominaciones empleadas
en esta publicacin y la forma en que aparecen presentados los
datos, no implican de parte del CONED o la UNED juicio alguno sobre
la condicin jurdica de personas, pases, territorios, ciudades o de
autoridades. MATERIAL SIN FINES COMERCIALES PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DE
ESTUDIANTES DEL COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIN A DISTANCIA CONED
Direccin General: Clara Vila Santo Domingo Coordinacin Acadmica:
Jssica Ramrez Achoy Coordinacin Administrativa: Jssica Vega
Barrientos Asistente Coordinacin Acadmica: Jonathan Soto
Coordinacin de Ingls: Olman Alfonso Cantillo Badilla Telfonos
22-58-22-09 / 22-55-30-42 / 22-21-29-95 Pgina Web:
http//www.coned.ac.cr 2011, CONED. 2
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 11 LEVEL. Index. INDEX
................................................................................................................................
2 I - TYPES OF FOOD, EATING HABITS AND BEHAVIOURS AT THE TABLE
.......................................................................
4 II- TOURIST ASPECTS WORLDWIDE
...................................................................
38 III -JOB DEMAND
.........................................................................................................
68 IV -CAREERS
................................................................................................................
86 V- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
........................................................................
106 VI- GENDER: MENS AND WOMENS ROLES
................................................. 146 VII- SENIOR
CITIZENS, MINORITY GROUPS
................................................... 169 VIII- MASS
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS
................................................... 176 ANSWER KEY
............................................................................................................
184 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
.....................................................................................................
208 BIBLIOGRAPHY2
......................................................................................................
210 DIGITAL LINKS
..........................................................................................................
211 3
4. FIRST UNIT TYPES OF FOOD, EATING HABITS, AND BEHAVIORS AT
THE TABLE. http://images.google.co.cr/images THIS UNIT INTRODUCES
YOU TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT: DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOODS, HABITS AND
TABLE MANNERS. Functions: Asking for and giving information about
food. Suggesting someone to do something. Describing procedures.
Evaluating the results of an action or event. TOPICS: TYPES OF
FOOD, EATING HABITS AND BEHAVIORS AT THE TABLE. LEARNING
STRATEGIES: Presentation Of Written Pieces Conveying Information
About: Types Of Food, Eating Habits And Behaviors At The Table.
4
5. http://images.google.co.cr/images Eating healthy foods is
one of the greatest ways you can live healthy and combat developing
a disease. Some diseases are genetic and there's not much you can
do about that. But others like diabetes 2, lung cancer, and heart
disease and might be prevented with the proper diet. Below is a
list of healthy foods and some of the body parts they affects. 1.
Basil is a great herb to add flavor to just about anything you are
cooking, but also has many other benefits that may cause you to add
it to your diet. It is known to reduce blood pressure and ease the
symptoms of emphysema and bronchitis. Basil also makes a good
natural insect repellent when rubbed on your skin. 2. Dietary
fibber promotes regularity, helps control caloric intake and
promotes weight loss. It may also reduce the risk of certain cancer
and cardiovascular diseases, and help people with diabetes control
their blood sugar. 5
6. 3. Vegetables and fruits are our most nutrient-dense foods.
They contain the greatest amounts of nutrients per calorie of any
food. Many nutrients, including the ones that fight against cancer
and heart disease are found in fruits and vegetables. 4. Vegetables
have fewer sugars than fruits. 5. Spinach is an excellent example
of a nutrient-dense vegetable. Spinach provides at least 50 % of
the rdi for vitamin a, and about 20% of the rdi for vitamin c.
spinach is a good source of iron, calcium, and folate. 6. Asparagus
is high in folate content (20 to 50% of rdi per serving). folate is
a nutrient identified as being important for pregnant women. 7.
Pumpkin is an excellent source of vitamin a (as carotene),
providing over 300 percent of the rdi. And canned pumpkin appears
to have much more vitamin a than fresh-cooked pumpkin. this may be
due to the fact canned pumpkin has more water cooked out of it than
boiled pumpkin, and the varieties used for canning have intense
orange color, a sure sign of carotene. Pumpkin is a good source of
fibber and adds a little iron and folate to the diet as well. 8.
Sweet bing cherries are a good source of fibber. They provide about
two grams per 1/2 cup serving. 9. Apricots are a great source of
beta-carotene, vitamin c, potassium and iron. Apricots are very
good sources of vitamin a (as carotene). They provide about 35% of
the rdi per serving. 6
7. 10. Apricots are low in calories. 3 apricots only contain 50
calories. 11. Strawberries are a good source of vitamin c. They
provide between 35 and 136 percent of the rdi per 1/2 cup serving.
Strawberries are also a good source of fibber and iron. They
provide about two percent and 3.5 percent respectively per 1/2 cup
serving. 12. Soy nuts are high in protein and isoflavones. EXERCISE
1. Read the sentences and mark with an x, the best alternative (a,
b, c, d) according to the reading. 1. What is a good diet for? A.
to avoid dangerous diseases B. to get dangerous diseases C. to buy
dangerous diseases D. to make dangerous diseases. 2. How do people
weight loss? A. using a fruit dietary B. using a fibber dietary C.
using a fish dietary D. using a sweet dietary 3. What is an
excellent source of iron and calcium? A. fruits B. fish C. bread D.
spinach 7
8. 4. In what food do people can get carotene? A. bread B.
pumpkin C. candies D. water 5. If you need vitamin c, in what food
can you get it? A. candies B. spinach C. strawberries D. soy nuts
TABLE MANNERS. http://images.google.co.cr/images 1. When you sit
down to eat, use a napkin to clean your mouth if necessary. 2.
Clean your hands on the tablecloth or your clothes. 3. Put only
small pieces of food into your mouth. 4. Eat big pieces of food.
Youll finish faster. 5. Eat with your mouth closed. 6. Dont close
your mouth when you chew. 8
9. EXERCISE 2. 1. Suggestions with the numbers _________ are
good table manners. A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 2 and 5 2.
Recommendation N 6 is considered ______________ in Costa Rica. A)
gracious B) impolite C) decent D) funny EXERCISE 3.Read the
information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence. RICE AND VEGETABLES - 2 cups of rice - 2 Tbsp of cooking
oil - 1 Tbsp minced garlic - 1 cup of green peas - 1 Tbsp chopped
onions - 4 cups of water - cup of chopped red pepper - 2 cubes of
beef - cup of finely chopped carrots - 2 Tbsp of salt Fry the
garlic and onion, add the red pepper, carrots and green peas.
Remove from heat when all ingredients are fried sufficiently. Add
water, beef, salt and rice. Mix and cook until the Multi-Use-Rice
cooker turns off automatically. http://images.google.co.cr/images
9
10. 1. In this recipe, you need a half cup each of
_______________________. A) water and salt B) rice and onions C)
green peas and oil D) red pepper and carrots 2. The first step to
follow is to ______________________. A) add pepper B) fry the
garlic C) add green peas D) mix the ingredients 3. The recipe needs
two vegetables: ________________________. A) salt and oil B) rice
and meat C) beef and cubes D) carrots and peas 4. In recipes, Tbsp
stands for _______________________. A) tiny table spoons B)
tablespoons C) total spoons D) teaspoons 5. Once all the
ingredients are well fried, they should be _____________ the heat.
A) moved away from B) located on C) placed on 10
11. D) put on 6. When the rice is already cooked,
______________________________. A) you put the beef B) you add the
water C) the appliance has all the ingredients D) the appliance
turns off automatically http://images.google.co.cr/images "Fish and
chips" is deep-fried fish in batter with deep-fried potatoes, and a
popular takeaway food. Fish and chips is originally from the United
Kingdom, but also very popular in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New
Zealand, South Africa and some coastal towns of the Netherlands and
Norway; and also increasingly so in the United States and
elsewhere. For decades it was the dominant (if not the only)
take-away food in the United Kingdom. The fried potatoes are called
chips in British and international usage; and while American
English calls them French fries, the combination is still called
"fish and chips". (Potato chips, an American innovation, are a
different potato-derived food, and are known as crisps in the
United Kingdom.) Fish and chips have separately been eaten for many
years though the potato was not introduced to Europe until the 17th
century. The originally Sephardi dish Pescado frito, or deep-fried
fish, came to Netherlands and England with the Spanish and
Portuguese Jews in the 17th and 18th centuries. The dish became
popular in more widespread circles in London and the south-east in
the middle of the 19th century (Charles Dickens mentions a "fried
fish warehouse" in Oliver 11
12. Twist) whilst in the north of England a trade in deep-fried
"chipped" potatoes developed. It is unclear when and where these
two trades were merged to become the fish and chip shop industry we
know today. The first combined fish and chip shop was probably the
one opened in London by Joseph Malin in 1860. During World War II,
fish and chips were one of the few foods that were not rationed in
the UK. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation
License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Fish and
chips". You can explore more on the Wikipedia website. The text and
the images are used here only for educational purposes. EXERCISE 4.
1. Fish and chips are popular only in England. True. False. We
don't know. 2. Americans call "French fries" what British call
"chips". True. False. We don't know. 3. Americans call "chips" what
British call "crisps". True. False. We don't know. 12
13. 4. The potato was introduced to Europe in the 18th century.
True. False. We don't know. 6. The dish became popular in the 19th
century. True. False. We don't know. 6. The first fish and chip
shop was opened in the 19th century. True. False. We don't know. 7.
Fish and chips were not eaten during World War II. True. False. We
don't know 13
14. http://images.google.co.cr/images When it comes to
potentially lethal eating disorders, adolescent girls are the
highest risk category. Many simply don't survive and while
28-year-old-basque writer espido freire lived to tell the story -
literally of her seven-year-fight with the binge-and-purge eating
disorder bulimia, the experience has left her scarred for life. in
her new book cuando comer es un infierno, released yesterday,
freire painfully retraces those seven long years because, as she
says, "if a writer isn't able to lend a voice to those who aren't
capable of expressing themselves, then part of their vocation has
been lost." according to freire, cuando comer es un inferno "offers
a realistic and personal view of bulimia - the seven years of
suffering and the strength it took to get over them." arriving at
barajas airport earlier this week from scotland, where she has
spent the last two months as a visiting writer to various
universities, freire headed straight for her home in Madrid but
couldn't avoid noticing the billboards filled with skinny models
advertising next season's fashion on the road home. They
immediately reminded her of her book and the exhaustion she felt
after writing about the darkest period of her life. Freire has a
strong desire to tell her story - but still, she warns, she doesn't
want to become a poster girl for bulimia. she doesn't just have
that story to tell, she stresses. As a writer, she was the
youngest-ever winner of the planeta award with her second novel
melocotones helados in 1998. Her first two books were works of
fiction but now, in cuando comer es un infierno, she has gone down
the autobiographical road to recount, with some bitterness, her
difficult adolescence - cataloguing her terrible daily battles with
the weighing scales. (EL PAIS English edition with the
International Herald Tribune, March 7, 2002) 14
15. EXERCISE 5.Read the text and answer the following
questions: 1. Guessing vocabulary from context. Read each
definition below and choose the word from the list that matches the
definition. There are two left. Lethal, scarred, released,
retraces, headed, skinny, bitterness. (a) Very thin:
________________ (b) Went, moved in a particular direction:
___________________ (c) Marked, wounded: __________________________
(d) Anger, resentment: ___________________________ made available
to the public: _______________________ EXERCISE 6. (PERSONAL
ANSWERS)Answer the following questions according to the text. Try
to use your own words. (a) Why is bulimia defined as a deadly
eating disorder?
______________________________________________________________ (b)
What did Freire think when she saw the billboards with skinny
models?
______________________________________________________________ (c)
What literary prize did Freire received for one of her books?
______________________________________________________________ (d)
How does Cuando comer es un inferno differ from Freire's previous
two books)
______________________________________________________________
15
16. EXERCISE 7. Rewrite the following sentences maintaining the
same meaning. (a) While Espido Freire lived to tell the story of
her bulimia, the experience has left her scarred for life.
(However)
__________________________________________________________ (b)
According to Freire, Cuando comer es un infierno "offers a
realistic and personal view of Bulimia." (Freire says ....)
__________________________________________________________ (c)
Freire has spent the last two months as a visiting writer to
various universities. (For)
___________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 8. Complete the following paragraph with the correct form
of the verb in brackets. In order to write Cuando comer es un
infierno, Freire____________________ (1. have) to relive her own
difficult past. She also ____________________ (2. Listen) to 20
case histories from other bulimics, some ____________________ (3.
tell) to her directly, others over the Internet, and some via
telephone. In one of the book chapters, Freire
____________________(4. Describe) her life after the eating
disorder. "For almost the last eight years, I____________________
(5. Live) an absolutely normal life," she says.
http://images.google.co.cr/images 16
17. British food best in the world.
http://images.google.co.cr/images A British restaurant that serves
bacon and egg ice cream has been voted the best place in the world
to eat in Restaurant magazines list of The Worlds 50 Best
Restaurants. The Fat Duck restaurant, which was runner-up last
year, claimed the coveted top spot. Owner and head chef Heston
Blumenthal opened his restaurant ten years ago and soon developed a
reputation for highly experimental and unorthodox dishes. The menu
includes leather, oak and tobacco chocolates, sardine on toast
sorbet, snail porridge, and mousse dipped in liquid nitrogen. He is
self-taught and has pioneered the art of molecular gastronomy
experiments with chemistry, physics, food and flavour that result
in unique and unusual taste combinations. Nearly 600 international
restaurant owners, chefs and journalists participated in the poll
to rank the best restaurants worldwide. A further thirteen British
restaurants made it onto the elite eateries list, four in the top
ten. This gives the home of fish and chips an unusual reputation as
a culinary paradise. Britain is infamous for its bland and
uninspiring food, which is scoffed at by the more sophisticated
palates of its French neighbours. However, it seems the tide is
turning: France had only eight restaurants in the top fifty and
London was named in March by Gourmet magazine as the Gourmet
Capital of the World. Ella Johnston, editor of Restaurant magazine,
said British people are now becoming more adventurous eaters.
17
18. QUESTIONS. EXERCISE 9. (PERSONAL ANSWERS).Answer the
following questions using your own words. a. Did Blumenthal go to a
cooking school in the past?
_________________________________________________ b. How does
Blumenthal get these original tastes?
_________________________________________________ EXERCISE 10. Are
the following statements True or False? a. France had only eight
restaurants in the top fifty _________________ b. All the judges
that participated in the poll were British: _______________
EXERCISE 11. Find a word or expression in the text which, in
context, is similar in meaning to: a. Tasteless: _______________ b.
Prized: _______________ EXERCISE 12. Choose a, b, or c in each
question below. Only one choice is correct. Last year, the
restaurant mentioned in the text was voted... A. in the third
position. B. in the second position. 18
19. C. in the first position. Tobacco is important in this
restaurant because... A. you can smoke it. B. you can eat it. C.
you can chew it. Great Britain has always been famous for A. its
bad food. B. its good food. C. its good cuisine. McDonalds boss
dies suddenly. http://images.google.co.cr/images The Chief
executive of McDonalds, the worlds largest fast-food chain, has
died from a suspected heart attack. Jim Cantalupo, 60, was taken
ill during a meeting of franchise owners in Orlando, Florida, the
company said. His death is a severe blow to McDonalds at a time
when the chain is trying to shed its image as a supplier of
high-fat, high-salt and high-sugar food. In his 16 months at the
helm, Mr Cantalupo turned the companys fortunes round. As well as
slowing its breakneck expansion programme and closing hundreds of
under-performing 19
20. outlets, he tried to address criticisms that McDonalds was
contributing to the obesity epidemic in the US and Europe. When Mr
Cantalupo became chairman and chief executive in January last year
after a management shake-up, Mc Donalds was in the doldrums.
Changing tastes, the mad cow disease scare and the perception that
its menu was tired had hit sales, particularly in Europe and Asia.
In December 2002, McDonalds went into the red for the first time in
its 48-year history. Mr Cantalupo, a former vice-chairman and
president, who had retired a year earlier, was brought back as the
new boss. TAKEN FROM:
http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/readingcomprehension/mcdonaldsboss.pdf
EXERCISE 13. Answer the following questions using your own words.
a. What impression do people have about McDonalds food?
___________________________________________________________________
b. What did Mr Cantalupo achieve in the 16 months he was in charge
of McDonalds?
___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 14. Are the following statements True or false? a. Mr
Cantalupo felt ill while meeting with French clients in
Orlando.__________ b. Mr Cantalupo was already retired when he
became McDonalds boss again. __________ EXERCISE 15. Find a word or
expression in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to:
a. A group of shops or restaurants owned by the same company:
_____________________________________________________________________
b. Provider:
_____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 16. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one
choice is correct 1. In order to save the company Mr Cantalupo
tried to a. promote the companys fast expansion. b. defend the
company from accusations of contributing to obesity. c. change
peoples tastes. 20
21. 2. Mr Cantalupo a. broke his neck in Orlando. b. worked for
the company for 48 years. c. had been McDonalds president before.
3. McDonalds sales had declined specially in Europe and Asia due to
a. scare mad cows. b. a change in peoples food preferences. c. a
change in McDonalds menu. 4. In December 2002 McDonalds a. was in
debt for the first time in its history. b. was furious with Mr
Cantalupo. c. forced Mr Cantalupo to retire. EXERCISE 17.
Composition. What are the advantages or disadvantages of fast food?
Give reasons.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
TAKEN FROM:
http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/readingcomprehension/mcdonaldsboss.pdf
http://images.google.co.cr/images 21
22. Fast food is good for you. Not only fast food is delicious,
it is also nutritional. Fast food contains many of the nutrients
all human beings require to lead active, healthy lives. Some fast
food also, contains vitamins, and everybody knows how important
vitamins are. Fast food comes in many forms. The most common kinds
of fast food are hamburgers and hot dogs, but there are many other
varieties. Fish and chips have been popular in England for
centuries, and now Americans too are enjoying this wonderful,
nutritional delicacy. If we take a little time to examine the
history of fast food we can learn a lot about many different
cultures. For instance, did you know that a Chinaman invented
pizza? There are many people who feel that fast food is not good
for you. They have a right to their opinions, because America is a
free country, but they are wrong. They are wrong because fast food
is good for you. EXERCISE 18. After reading the above passage, read
the following sentences and mark with a X the best option (a, b, c,
d) 1. A good title for this passage would be: a) America, Land of
the Free. b) Foods of the World. c) The Truth about Pizza. d)
Eating Sensibly. 2. The main idea of this passage is: a) Fast food
is good for you. b) Vitamins are important. c) Free speech is an
important right which many people abuse. d) You can have your cake
and eat it too. 22
23. 3. Fast food contains: a) Nutrients. b) Vitamins. c) Fish
and chips. d) Many different cultures. 4. America is a free country
because: a) Ignorant people have the right to their opinions. b)
Fast food is good for you. c) Fast food is free. d) Americans can
eat other people's food. This was originally published in Condensed
Book, along with other reading comprehension quizzes. It was, of
course, inspired by the educational materials of my Cold War youth.
TAKEN FROM:
http://petercherches.blogspot.com/2006/12/reading-comprehension.html
23
24. Table manners. http://images.google.co.cr/images Your
youngsters may know how to sit still, use a napkin, and how to cut
with a knife and fork, but do they really know proper table
manners? The holidays, weddings, anniversary celebrations, school
dances, and other social events are prime occasions for kids to
demonstrate appropriate table manners. However, far too many
parents somehow assume that their kids will know how to act, what
to do (and not to do), and how to exhibit proper table
manners--only to be embarrassed by a youngster's double-dipping,
slurping, or demonstrations of finger-lickin' good! You've taught
them most everything they know up to now, so take time and teach
them table manners basics that will dazzle at the next occasion.
Here's how to get started: Teach kids how to greet relatives and
guests. Many kids simply don't know what to say or the appropriate
action to take. If the occasion is at your home or you're serving
as host, instruct your kids about properly opening the door and
taking any coats. (Show them how to hold them and not to roll them
up in a wad.) Teach them how to properly shake hands and how to
appropriately hug relatives, especially elderly or individuals with
disabilities. If you're serving appetizers, ask your youngsters to
act as a host/hostess. Instruct them what to ask, how to not
interrupt conversations, and to tell them what the choice is. If
they are on the receiving end of an offering of hors d'oeuvres, be
sure to tell them how to say hors du'oeuvres and what it means to
avoid the normal kid reaction of "what's that?" Instruct them how
to take one or how to graciously refuse. If it is an item that
sounds unappetizing to a kid's palate (and many do), tell them to
simply decline without offering any commentary about how it looks,
smells, or seems to taste. 24
25. At the table, show them how to pull out a seat for a guest
and to hold it and help them scoot to the table. Boys can do this
for ladies or girls, and boys or girls can do the same for older
guests as a sign of respect. Teach kids how to place the napkin in
the lap and how to sit up straight and near the table. Be sure to
let youngsters know not to plop their elbows on the table. Practice
table manners such as passing food, asking for something rather
than reaching across the table to get it (and risk spilling a drink
or worse), and to take only as much as they know they'll eat. The
proper table manners protocol is to pass food from left to right
(counterclockwise). Talk with kids about how tables are set up,
where forks, knives and spoons go, why sometimes there are utensils
above the plates and what particular order means (using the outside
utensil first). Emphasize that proper table manners are for
everyone to be served and the host/hostess to pick up a fork to
begin eating. Talk about the no-no's of "double-dipping," slurping,
licking fingers, or the evertempting dragging a finger across the
side of an item to taste it (i.e. icing on the cake). Practice
sitting up straight and not hunched over, and remind them to bring
food from their plate to their mouth and not hunker down over it.
Explain bread etiquette and how bread plates are positioned to the
upper left of a dinner plate. Kids need to learn not to butter the
entire piece of bread; rather, butter is placed on the bread place,
and then a bite-sized piece is to be buttered only. Explain how
some breads are to be "torn off" with your hands while other types
may need to be cut. Younger kids won't be apt to understand the
differences, but older ones should be able to make a distinction.
Practice napkin use about how they should wipe their mouth
appropriately, and where to put the napkin if they need to get up
or go to the bathroom. Taken from:
http://childcare.about.com/od/behaviors/a/tablemanners.htm EXERCISE
19. After reading the text above, make a written report about table
manners, according to the passage; try to use your own words.
25
26. Table manners.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/images EXERCISE 20. Read the text and
choose the correct alternative to answer the questions. 26
27. HONEY BUTTER FROSTING. Procedures: You will need: Beat the
butter, which should be at room temperature, until 3 oz (85g)
butter soft but not oily. 7 oz (200g) icing sugar 1 tbsp honey 1
tbsp lemon juice Gradually, shift in about 6 oz (170g) icing sugar.
Mix well 1 sponge cake Add the honey and beat again. Add the lemon
juice and beat again. Take the sponge cake you bought or baked (or
other cake suitable for frosting) http://images.google.co.cr/images
Carefully cut the cake into two layers. Spread your frosting on top
of the bottom layer. Put the top layer back on and sprinkle icing
sugar over the cake. Taken from Play and Learn 1. How many
ingredients do you beat when preparing the frosting? ____________ .
A) All of them B) None of them C) Four ingredients D) Only two
ingredients 27
28. 2. What kind of texture should the butter have?
______________ . A) Liquid B) Juicy C) Soft D) Icy 3. Which
ingredient is used at two different moments in the recipe?
__________ . A) Lemon juice B) Icing sugar C) Honey D) Butter
EXERCISE 21. Read the article and choose the correct alternative to
complete each sentence. FAST FOOD. Fast food is the food people
sell in many inexpensive restaurants. The food is called fast
because you get it quickly. Often, you can go in the restaurant,
order your food, eat it, and leave the place, all in 20 minutes.
The kind of food you get in fast food restaurants is hamburgers,
cheeseburgers, hot dogs, French fries, and fried chicken. Other
kinds of fast food like the pizza are not prepared so fast. To
drink, you get sodas or milkshakes. Since families like to come to
these restaurants, they are also called family restaurants. Fast
food is a big business in the United States and many countries
because its cheap, fast and popular. Every day, more than 48
million people visit these restaurants. They are, mainly, people
who dont have time to cook at home. In the past, fast food
restaurants worked from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., so they were a good
choice for lunch, a coffee break or dinner. At present, most of
them are usually open 24 hours which includes snack breaks and
breakfast. Business people say that one important aspect about fast
food restaurants is that they have the chance of buying the food in
the restaurant, but eating it somewhere else. Thats called the to
go service. Another possibility is to stay home and order by means
of the express service. Taken from PRISM. 28
29. 1. Another name people give to fast food restaurants is
_____________ restaurants. A) expensive B) business C) popular D)
family 2. It is impossible to order ______________, eat it, and
leave the restaurant, all in 20 minutes. A) a cheeseburger B) fried
chicken C) a hot dog D) a pizza 3. In the past, it was impossible
to enjoy ____________ in a fast food restaurant. A) lunch B) dinner
C) breakfast D) a coffee break 4. People can use _________________
if their time is too limited to stay in the restaurant. A) the
family B) a good excuse C) a big business D) the to go service 5.
In the past, fast food restaurants had a shorter
____________________. A) soda B) schedule C) kind of food D)
breakfast time 29
30. http://images.google.co.cr/images Lasagna comes from Italy.
It is made of pasta, meat, tomato sauce and cheese. Sometimes,
people add eggplant. Omelet is popular in the UK. You can mix ham,
onions, leeks and asparagus into the egg to make a delicious
omelet. Sweet and sour pork is from China. In this dish, there are
small pieces of pork, mixed with sugar, onion, garlic, pineapple
and soy sauce. The sauce tastes very sweet. Curry comes from India
and Thailand. You can use different meats and vegetables like
broccoli and cauliflower.
http://www.esl-galaxy.com/reading/World%20Food%20maze.pdf EXERCISE
22. Questions. 1. Where does lasagna come from?
_____________________________________ 2. What is it made of?
_____________________________________ 3. Where is omelet popular?
______________________________________ 4. What can you mix to make
a delicious omelet? ______________________________________ 30
31. 5. Where is sweet and sour pork from?
______________________________________ 6. What is the dish made of?
______________________________________ 7. Where does curry come
from? ______________________________________ 8. What different
things can you put in curry? ______________________________________
Costa Rica food. http://images.google.co.cr/images You'd think with
the thousands of miles of coastline available and the country's
heavy exportation of shrimp and lobster that these items would be
amongst the most inexpensive when considering food from Costa Rica.
But you'd be wrong. Pick either of these delicacies on the menu
with caution, since they are often pricy and prepared listlessly.
If you visit soon, you may still be able to take advantage of the
free appetizers still offered in some Costa Rican bars. Once found
in nearly every location, the opportunity to get some free food
(with drink order, of course) is diminishing, with many bars now
charging normal prices for items such as fried plantains, minced
pear with corn, tamales and fried yuca. But any budget traveler can
expound on the beauty of a free meal - so ask around, most locals
are happy to point you in the right direction. 31
32. Food from Costa Rica is not for the health conscious,
obviously, but there are still a few things for those who shun
large portions of meat or fried foods. Untold amounts of wealth
have been derived from the country's banana and coffee exports, and
for good reason. The bananas here are nothing like you've had
before, and none of the other abundant tropical fruits found here
are likely to disappoint. Mangoes are one of the most popular foods
in Costa Rica, along with pineapples, papayas and a variety of
melons. The coffee, however, is served extremely haphazardly
throughout the country. Since the highest quality coffee is usually
set aside for export, this beverage is all over the map in terms of
taste and preparation. If the cafe you're in serves their coffee
weak and sugary, go down a few blocks and you will likely find the
exact opposite. The finest drink to go along with Costa Rica foods
is called Horchata, a rice drink mixed with cinnamon and sugar,
with emphasis on the cinnamon. Wildly popular throughout all of
Central America, one taste and you'll know exactly why.
http://www.destination360.com/central-america/costa-rica/dining
EXERCISE 23. Answer the following questions about the reading, use
long answers. 1. What happens if you visit soon, some of the bars
in Costa Rica?
_____________________________________________________ 2. How is
food from Costa Rica?
______________________________________________________ 3. What
about the coffee?
______________________________________________________ 4. Can you
write what horchata is?
______________________________________________________ 32
33. http://images.google.co.cr/images Breakfast. Tom wants to
eat breakfast. He goes to the restaurant. He is hungry. He orders a
slice of pizza, a cup of tea and a carton of milk. The waiter asks
Tom if he wants something else. Tom says, he wants a piece of
cheese and a bowl of soup. Tom eats all his food and pays the bill.
He is full now. He goes to work.
http://www.esl-galaxy.com/reading.html EXERCISE 24. Answer the
following questions: 1. Where does Tom go?
_________________________________ 2. What does he order?
__________________________________ 3. What does the waiter ask him?
___________________________ 4. How does Tom feel after eating?
_________________________ 33
34. 5. Where does Tom go after eating? ________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/images At the Restaurant Ordering food.
http://images.google.co.cr/images EXERCISE 25.With the following
scrambled words, make a good question or an affirmative sentence.
1. Ready Are you order? To
__________________________________________ 2. I'd like a soup. Yes.
A small onion soup. __________________________________________ 3.
the want I also sandwich. chicken
__________________________________________ 4. want Do drink ? you
to something 34
35. __________________________________________ 5. tea, Yes.
some like I'd please, __________________________________________ 6.
What for you? get can I __________________________________________
7. large a of bottle I'd like beer.
__________________________________________ 8. . a I'd large like
salad. __________________________________________ 9. like Would
cream? ice you __________________________________________ 10.
french you want ? Do fries
__________________________________________
http://www.esl-galaxy.com/writing/new/At%20the%20Restaurant.pdf
EXERCISE 26. FOOD EXERCISE VOCABULARY. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE
APPROPIATE WORD FROM THE BOX. A. B. C.
____________________________________
__________________________________________
______________________________________ 35
36. D. ______________________________________ E.
_______________________________________ F.
_______________________________________ G.
_____________________________________ H. I. J.
___________________________________
_____________________________________
________________________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/images
http://www.angelfire.com/pq/pic/pic9.html /A BANANA. /A PUMPKIN /
AN EGG / A COOK /AN APPLE / BEANS / CHESSE / A GLASS OF JUICE / A
COFFEE / MUSHROOMS/ 36
37. http://images.google.co.cr/images SECOND UNIT TOURIST
ASPECTS WORLDWIDE. http://images.google.co.cr/images THIS UNIT
INTRODUCES YOU TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT: IDENTIFICATION AND
VALIDATION OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS RELATED TO WORLWIDE TOURISM.
Functions: Identification of news, brief items, and non factual
materials about tourism. Use of some advice and reports about
tourism including current issues of tourism. Evaluation of content
related to tourism, etc. Identification and validation of different
aspects related to tourism. Identification of relations between
ideas within texts related to tourism TOPIC: worldwide tourism.
LEARNING STRATEGIES: Identification of registers and evaluation of
content. Identification of main points, ideas or important
information.texts, ideas etc. Identification and use of cognates
and derivatives. 37
38. Taming the tourists. http://images.google.co.cr/images The
era of mass tourism in the mountain regions of industrialized
countries began soon after World War II. This new phenomenon was a
result of many factors, including increases in urban populations,
income, vacation time, and mobility. Today, in the era of cheap,
global air travel, almost no mountains in any corner of the world
are out of reach. Moreover, `adventure tourists' and `ecotourists'
are willing to pay well, and their money is very welcome to poor
governments and communities. Although stories about the problems
caused by tourism have become increasingly frequent in recent
years, it is not necessarily a destructive force. The situation
could be far better if tour operators and legislators considered
how best to integrate tourism into the existing culture, with a
minimal impact on the environment, and without host countries
becoming too dependent on it. Merely restricting tourism cannot be
the solution, because people's desire to see new places will not
just disappear. But the real key to the problem lies in giving
indigenous communities greater control over the rate at which
tourism grows, and the paths it takes. Encouragingly, more and more
communities are demonstrating that, with firm decision-making, this
is possible. http://www.angelfire.com/pq/pic/pic9.html EXERCISE
27.(PERSONAL ANSWERS) Answer the following questions using your own
words. a) Why did mass tourism in the mountains begin?
___________________________________________________________ b)
According to the text, what is the principal way to reduce the
negative effects of ecotourism?
___________________________________________________________ 38
39. EXERCISE 28. Are the following statements true (T) or false
(F)? a) There are still a lot of inaccessible areas in the
mountains. ( ) b) Some people are controlling the growth of tourism
in their communities. ( ) EXERCISE 29. Find a word or phrase in the
text which, in context, is similar in meaning to: a) Inexpensive
__________________________ b) Increases
____________________________ EXERCISE 30. Choose a, b, or c, in
each question below. Only one choice is correct. 1. Mass tourism in
the mountains... a) Was a result of World War II. b) Occurred
partly because people had more money. c) Helped to improve income
and mobility. 2. Nowadays, mountain communities... a) Are happy to
receive money from tourism. b) See tourism as an impossible
problem. c) Are willing to pay well to visit new destinations.
39
40. 3. Tourism is not necessarily a problem if... a) It is
integrated into the local culture. b) It is not accepted by the
community but integrated into its culture. c) It can be avoided,
causing minimal impact on the environment. 4. According to the
text, we need to... a) Reduce people's desire to see new places. b)
Restrict tourism in rural areas. c) Control the growth of tourism
and how it develops. http://images.google.co.cr/images 40
41. Tourism. http://images.google.co.cr/images Tourist
attractions are places of evoking interest which are impregnated
with a high degree of historical significance as well as cultural
value including original or built and is beautiful. These may also
be the places evincing amusement opportunities. some instances of
tourist attractions are historical places, zoos, museums, aquaria,
buildings as well as structures, botanical gardens, forests,
national parts, national and international railways, airways, theme
parks, cultural pageants, carnivals, as well as exhibits of defense
services including cultural events. Tourist attractions may include
imaginary descriptions of various events happening in the country
with their pictures as well as these descriptions will enable
giving the desired fillip to these tourist attractions by viewers
from worldwide. These can be exhibited in the form of exhibitions
or trade fairs which will take care of all these attractions and
its viewer ships. There can be a stall on the various ethnic
communities prevailing in the country as well as their activities
and their cultural values as well as hobbies. These will impregnate
these exhibitions with the other forms of exhibits as outlined
above to attract large viewer ships from worldwide. For these
tourist attractions, a lot of promotional brochures and detailed
informations from diverse activities outlined above can be provided
to viewers for their easy viewing and also 41
42. appreciating the cultural heritage behind it for the
purposes of enlightenment of knowledge on all round basis. These
can be supplemented by a plethora of fast food restaurants, hotels,
motels, or lobbies, and lounges. These tourist attractions can also
include various memorials of top dignitaries which will enable
proper assembling as well as assimilations of various subjects from
varieties of angles for nurturing these tastes, choices, and
preferences. Many companies can design a lot of brochures, plan,
advertising activities, as well as bring about a whole range of
products and services which will enable proper pricing of their
goods and services from the point of view of making seasonal sales
and marketing efforts for driving business growth and
profitability. These tourist attractions places are also known as
traps of tourists for the purposes of constructive marketing. To
conclude, worldwide there are plenty of tourist attractions places
which cannot be visited in one visit at a time. Therefore, you will
have to plan meticulously your travel plans as well as your budget,
from time to time, to visit all these places to entertain yourself
as well as your families. There are a lot of travel agents who are
interested in organizing your trips to all these places and such
agents should be tapped. http://www.angelfire.com/pq/pic/pic9.html
EXERCISE 31. Read the following questions and mark with an x the
correct option (a, b, c, d) according to the reading. 1. What are
some examples of tourist attractions worldwide? A. museums,
international railways and national parks. B. international
railways, zoos and religious activities. C. zoos, historical places
and homemade food. D. cultural pageants, a parrot and national
railways. 42
43. 2. How can people get information about tourist attractions
worldwide? A. eating homemade food at home. B. reading their
special recipe. C. watching special issues in magazines. D. buying
food at the corner store. 3. What is a tourist trap for? A. For the
specific purpose of being happy. B. for the specific purpose of
making marketing. C. for the specific purpose of doing food. D. for
the specific purpose of drinking water. 4. Can people visit tourist
attractions places in one visit at a time? A. no, they do not do
it. B. no, they will not do it. C. no, they would not do it. D. no,
they can not do it. 43
44. 5. Who is interested in making trips to tourist places
worldwide? A. All the people worldwide. B. All the travel agents.
C. All the teachers worldwide E.All the musicians worldwide. Eiffel
Tower. This is a very famous land mark worldwide, it is in Paris
downtown, France. It is named: Eiffel Tower , you can get to the
top using an elevator or stairs. When you are onthe top, you have a
beautiful view of Paris and the Seine river. This land mark was
built with the tinking of a very important engineer , named :
gustave eiffel . The structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as
the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle, a World's Fair
marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution. Now
days is a famous icon in the world of tourism. 1 44
45. EXERCISE 32. France Writing: Write a short paragraph about
France.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions, use long answers. 1.Why is it The
Eiffel tower a fomous landmark worldwide? 2.Write some important
facts about this landmark. 3.Would you like to visit France and
visit this monument ? Explain why 1 This glass pyramid is in the
entrance of the famous Luovre Museum in Paris. The pyramid was
build to conmemorate the year 2000
http://images.google.co.cr/images 45 1
46. EXERCISE 33. France ANSWER THE QUESTIONS,USE LONG ANSWERS.
1.Where is The Louvre museum ? 2.What is The louvre museum famous
worlwide for ? 3.Do you like to go to see this famous museum ? 1
46
47. http://images.google.co.cr/images Tourism worldwide. Around
the world, there are many man-made constructions that are
considered famous landmarks. Some, like the Great Wall of China,
are leftovers from the seven wonders of the ancient world. Others,
like Big Ben in London, are more modern than the wall, but still of
significant historic importance. Most designate something about
their country of origin that the world wants to remember. In
France, with a rich history of culture and art, among the most
famous landmarks are the Louvre art museum and the Eiffel tower.
Marvels of ancient science including the pyramids in Egypt and the
great sphinx as well as the aqueducts and great coliseum are among
the most famous landmarks in the world. Other historical and famous
landmarks include the Parthenon in Greece, red square in Moscow,
and Westminster abbey in London. In recent years, sites have also
become famous landmarks because they remind the world of the
atrocities that occurred there including tienamen square in china
and Auschwitz in Germany. Famous landmarks across the world
sometimes become famous because of the developments to
international society that occur there, as with the United Nations
building in New York City. Or, it becomes a landmark because
society never wants to forget the tragedy and horror of a location,
like many battlefields, ground zero in New York City and the Nazi
prison camps in Germany. 47
48. Other famous landmarks are famous simply because they exist
and are different from other parts of the world. The Grand Canyon,
redwood forests in California, the la brea tar pits and various
meteor craters around the world fall into this category. These
sites are world-famous landmarks because they represent an element
of nature not seen often in the remainder of the world. In the
United States, famous landmarks also include monuments made to the
nations history and progress. among the most famous are those
surrounding Washington D.C., the Vietnam wall, the Lincoln,
Washington and Jefferson memorials, Arlington national cemetery,
the national cathedral and, of course, the government buildings
including the white house, the U.S. capitol and the pentagon.
Outside of Washington, D.C., landmarks tend to be tied to the
history of the region more so than the entire nation, with some
notable exceptions including the statue of liberty in New York. For
example, one of the most famous national landmarks in the midwest
is the arch in st. Louis. The arch was constructed in the 20th
century to commemorate the nations movement toward westward
expansion and the role of the Mississippi river and st. Louis as
the gateway to the west. T 115 48
49. EXERCISE 34. Mark with an x the correct option (a,b,c,d)
according to the text 1. Are there many landmarks worldwide? A.
Yes, there is. B. yes, they are. C. yes, there are. D. yes there
does. 2. Two examples of landmarks in France are: A. Eiffel tower
and Louvre museum. B. Eiffel tower and Great Wall of China. C.
Louvre museum and art museum. D .Louvre museum and Nile River. 3.
Why is the grant canyon a landmark? A. Because it is nice. B.
Because it is long. C. Because it represents Nature.. D.Because it
is in Usa. 4. Are meteor craters land marks? 49
50. a. Yes, there are. b. yes, there is. c. yes, there does.
d.yes, they are. 5. When was constructed the arck? a.In the
twenty-one century. b.In the twenty century. c.In the twelve
century. d.In the twenty first century. Going to Japan. To enter
Japan, visas are not required for tourists or business visitors of
many nationalities for stays of not more than 90 days. Travellers
from Germany, Ireland or Mexico can stay up to six months without a
visa. Travellers from Canada, France, Italy and the Usa can stay up
to three months. South African and Australian visitors cannot enter
without a visa. Passport and return tickets are required to get a
visa. Visas are free. Taken from prism 50
51. http://images.google.co.cr/images EXERCISE 35. Mark with an
x the best option (a,b,c,d) according to the text. 1. Italian and
French tourists can stay in Japan for _______________________. A)
Six months. B) three months. C) ninety months. D) more than ninety
days 2. Visitors have to ______________________ in order to get a
visa A) Pay some money. B) Stay more than six months. C) Stay less
than three months. D) Present their passport and return ticket.
51
52. 3. People from Australia _________________________. A) Can
stay without their visas. B) Pay for a business visa. C) Always
need a visa D) Never need a visa 4. Would you like to visit Japan?
A. Yes, I do B. Yes,I am C. Yes,I was D. Yes,I did 52
53. JOIN A PHOTOGRAPHIC SAFARI IN KENYA
http://images.google.co.cr/images Choose a vacation that provides
you with memories youll treasure for a lifetime. Our photographic
safaris, which last two weeks, are designed for different levels of
expertise. A beginner? Land package A: $ 2,500. For your first
safari experience, choose the package which includes the most
comfortable accommodations available, deliciously prepared meals,
motor transportation, guides and an expert photographer to advise
you. Experienced? Land package B: $1,800. For your next safari
experience, choose the package that provides you with a true
challenge! Youll build your own shelter, prepare your own food, and
track your animals on foot. Guide included. Call Adventure Travel
Service at 1-800-555-8452 today. Our agents are available for
consultation from 9 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. every day except on Sunday.
Adapted from Grammar Strategies and Practice. 53
54. EXERCISE 36.Mark with an x the best option (a,b,c,d)
according to the text. 1- The tour company offers tours according
to the __________________. A) guides work B) prices of the tours C)
length of the tours D) experience of the traveler 2- Package A will
include ________________________. A) adequate accommodation B)
building your own shelter C) tracking animals on foot D) just air
transportation 3- One difference between packages A and B is
_____________. A) the currency used to pay B) the company in charge
C) the included guides D) the price 4-If you are interested in
getting information, you should call ___________________. A) before
7:00 p.m. on weekdays B) Any time after 7:00 p.m. C) before 9 a.m.
D) on Sunday http://images.google.co.cr/images 54
55. http://images.google.co.cr/images Dans latest adventures in
South Africa. Hola hola! So I figured this would be a good email to
send considering today and yesterday have been two of the most
Interesting and intense days at the Treatment Action Campaign,
which is my internship. Yesterday I arrived to be reminded that the
executive of UNAIDS was speaking in Khayelitsha. This was a huge
deal because UNAIDS is a powerful international org. which I think
is based in Geneva and the fact that he was coming to speak in one
of the poorest districts in Cape Town first got everyone excited
and riled up. Before it started I tried to stay out of the way of
the busy people in my office or offer some help. I ended up being
asked to highlight some files which was more busy work than
anything else. However, I left early to get into the big tent that
had been set up and was surprised to see an extremely well
organized set up. TAC is an AIDS activist organization and they
have a new set of shirts yearly which they give out at
demonstrations or rallies. Around the stage they had set up the old
and new shirts and it was interesting to be able to see the issues
that had changed from year to year just by looking at the text on a
shirt. I sat in the 2nd row next to a journalist (media was all
over the place). Finally, the woman running the speaking introduced
everyone and made it clear that it was being run on a tight
schedule. However, once a person stood up to speak that the crowd
either recognized or appreciated rather than just clap loudly a
woman in the crowd would cry out a chant which would immediately
get picked up by the surrounding audience. This would then lead to
dancing circles throughout the hastily thrown together chairs.
55
56. Eventually the speaker would settle everyone down by
gaining their attention through the typical rally chant which
begins with "Viva TAC Viva!" and the crowd replies strongly
"Viiiva!" There's also a great chant which originated during
apartheid protests - The speaker cries "Amonda!" then a powerful
response - "Awaytu!" Although the spelling is definitely incorrect,
it means "Power!" - "To the people!" This has to be said strongly
because if not you'll be laughed out for saying 'power' in a weak
way. One by one speaker came up. This included the Minister of
Health, a man and a woman both openly living with HIV, a random guy
that hopped on stage with a weird hoodie/doorag mix that rapped in
Xhosa while pumping up the crowd with repeated rhymes to "Yes we
can!" and finally the executive of UNAIDS. Instead of being the
conservative head that has made it difficult in the past for AIDS
organizations to succeed he congratulated Khayelitsha on the
progress they had made and how they had become a model to the
world. He also agreed to follow through with the fiscal needs of
clinics treating HIV and TB patients. He was given loud applause
and then the crowd, including myself, was fed with a bagged lunch
consisting of two sandwiches - cheese and weird meat, a juice box,
and an apple. Everyone was happy and excited and I ended my day
becoming better friends with one of my co-workers who takes a big
part in organizing the rallies. That was yesterday. Today I went to
a rally in front of Parliament at 11. This rally was held because
due to mismanaged budget issues, there is not enough money to care
for newly diagnosed HIV patients only enough for those that have
been currently taking the ARV's - Antiretrovirals. So there was a
picket outside of Parliament. The day before I was given a shirt
which boldly states HIV POSITIVE to wear to the rally. This shirt
was created as a way to show solidarity and strength while
diminishing the negative stigma for those with HIV. Before leaving
I threw the shirt on and went into the city with 2 girls on the way
to their internship. We split up and I walked the remainder by
myself. I was given a few weird looks, some smiles, and a few
people read the shirt out loud. The most remarkable reaction was at
a point when I thought I had gotten lost in the city, an old black
woman stopped me to tell me how courageous I was for wearing that
shirt. She explained how her son was HIV positive and too scared
and ashamed to wear the shirt. She explained more about her life
and how the fact that there's now medicine to aid HIV has improved
the life of people with AIDS and people affected by AIDS. I
continuously thanked her without informing her that I was just a
white kid wearing the shirt for a rally. I continued to walk on and
thought that despite the fact I don't have HIV, by wearing the
shirt it is a shout to others with HIV not to be worried and to
boldly accept their life and know that they can still live
enjoyably. 56
57. I walked with a slight strut after that little meeting and
after asking a few people how to get to Parliament I found the
picketing rally and joined in. I was aware of the fact I was the
only white guy but still excitedly chimed in with everyones chants.
There was at one point a chant that involved some dancing and while
I stood on the outskirts of the circle clapping and singing, my co
worker Amelia somehow scoped me out and brought me into the middle.
I danced about laughing and clapping (making sure to be on rhythm)
and attempted the dances that the people next to me were doing. I
eventually backed out and rejoined the sign holding and yelling.
The head of TAC, Zackie Achmat, who I have not met as of yet showed
up and was talking to one of my co-workers, Gilad. I walked over
and introduced myself. He was an extremely nice guy and I was lucky
enough to get some pictures with him. After some speakers spoke out
on the megaphone and a miscellaneous man from congress signed the
memorandum the rally was basically over. I walked back to the train
with another great experience etched into my mind. Ciao and mucho
love. -Danhttp://www.myownresources.com
http://images.google.co.cr/images 57
58. EXERCISE 37. QUESTIONS. Paragraph 1 a. Why was it a good
moment to send an e-mail?
______________________________________________________________ b.
What kind of organisation is UNAIDS?
______________________________________________________________ c.
Who was speaking in Khayelitsha?
______________________________________________________________ d.
Did Daniel manage to get rid of his work?
______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 a. What was there on display at the tent?
______________________________________________________________ b.
Where did Daniel sit when he was in the tent?
______________________________________________________________ c.
How did people react when someone spoke at the meeting?
______________________________________________________________ d.
What kind of chants did they sing 58
59. http://images.google.co.cr/images Paragraph 3 a. Who was
given loud applause after speaking?
______________________________________________________________ b.
What did the audience eat after the speeches?
______________________________________________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/images Paragraph 4 a. What kind of rally
did Daniel attend?
_______________________________________________________________ b.
What time was the demonstration?
_______________________________________________________________ c.
What kind of T-shirt did Daniel wear at the demo?
_______________________________________________________________
59
60. d. Who did Daniel meet on the way to the demo? What did
he/she tell him?
_______________________________________________________________ e.
How did Daniel feel wearing that T-shirt?
________________________________________________________________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/images Paragraph 5 a. What were the
people at the rally doing?
_______________________________________________________________ b.
Who did Daniel take pictures of?
_______________________________________________________________ c.
What did Daniel do after the rally was over?
_______________________________________________________________ d.
Did Daniel enjoy that day?
_______________________________________________________________
60
61. EXERCISE 38. Vocabulary. Find words in the text that mean:
A. To make agitated or angry (p1)
_______________________________________________ b. Rapidly, in a
hurry (p2) _______________________________________________ c.
Jumped on, went on (p3)
_______________________________________________ d. Financial plan,
how much money an organisation will need or spend in a specific
period of time (p4) ____________________________________________ e.
Unfair treatment (p4)
_______________________________________________ f. The rest or the
part left of a way or distance (p4)
_______________________________________________ g. Bravely, without
fear (p4) _______________________________________________ h. To
walk in a proud way trying to look important (p5)
_______________________________________________ i. imprinted,
engraved (p5) _______________________________________________
http://images.google.co.cr/image 61
62. An Elephant Ride. http://images.google.co.cr/images As the
train left the station, Fogg noticed that Francis, one of the
passengers from the ship Mongolia, was aboard. Francis, an English
army officer, spent most of his time in India and knew the country
as well as any local Indian. Fogg, however, was not interested in
learning more about India. He was too busy figuring out how many
days and hours of his round-the-world trip had gone by. "See those
mountains?" asked Francis. "A few years ago, we would have met such
delay here that you would have lost your bet. The railroad used to
stop here and the passengers would have to cross the mountains on
horses." "That wouldn't have ruined my travel plans at all,"
snapped Fogg. "I knew there would be certain problems." Just as he
finished talking, the train came to a halt. The conductor ordered
all the passengers to get off. They were in the middle of a forest!
"Where are we?" asked Fogg. "At the village of Kholby," replied the
conductor. "The railroad isn't finished. There is no track between
here and Allahabad, a distance of 50 miles." "Then why do you sell
tickets from Bombay to Calcutta?" protested Fogg. "With the
understanding that passengers would find their own way of getting
from Kholby to Allahabad." The reply was unbelievable to Fogg, but
still, he had no choice and realized that arguing would get him
nowhere either. He had better save his energy and find a way to
Allahabad. Just then, Fogg saw a man with an elephant and decided
to buy it at any cost. The owner didn't want to sell it at first
but finally accepted two thousand pounds. Fogg then hired a young
Indian man to serve as an elephant guide. Fogg and Francis sat on
the elephant's neck; the Indian guide sat on its back. Together
they started their journey to Allahabad. Taken from:
http://www.elt-time.com/forum/index.php?topic=1633.30;wap 62
63. EXERCISE 39. Answer the following questions: 1. On which
two occasions did Fogg meet Francis?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 2. Where
did Fogg board the train and where was his final destination?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 3. Why did
the train come to a halt?
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ 4. What
transport did Fogg arrange from Kholby to Allahabad?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 63
64. 5. What was Fogg doing when Francis was talking about
India? _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ Pyramids of
Egypt. http://images.google.co.cr/images As soon as a Pharaoh came
to power in ancient Egypt, his thoughts turned to one very
important project. The building of a tomb to protect his body after
death. Many Pharaohs chose pyramids to mark their tombs. Vast
numbers of labourers and craftsmen were immediately set to work.
First, the site was prepared and levelled. Large blocks of stone
were brought along the River Nile by barges to the construction
site. Once unloaded, they were dragged on sleds along a wooden
pathway built on the desert sand. Armies of masons prepared the
stones so they would fit together neatly. To raise heavy blocks, as
the pyramid grew, ramps were built against the pyramid faces. The
heavy work was done by peasants and slave labourers during the
flood season when it was impossible to farm. Pyramid building was a
long process. Work on the Great 64
65. Pyramids of Cheops lasted over thirty years. Inside the
tomb chamber of the pyramid, artists and sculptors produced
magnificent paintings, carvings and statues of the gods and the
tomb's owner. The god Osiris was often shown watching, as the
jackal-headed god, Anubis, brought the dead person before him for
the judgement ceremony. Egyptians believed that their Pharaoh was
the son of the Sun God, and that when he dies he would join the Sun
God and sail with him in a boat across the skies each day. Not all
Pharaohs built pyramids. Elaborate non-pyramid tombs were also
built, many in the Valley of Kings. Other Pharaohs were
commemorated by temples, huge statues called colossi, and obelisks.
Taken from:
http://www.elt-time.com/forum/index.php?topic=1633.30;wap EXERCISE
40. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. Why did Pharaohs build
pyramids? ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ 2. How were
the large stones brought to the construction site?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 3. Who did
the heavy work and when?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 65
66. 4. What can be found inside the tomb chamber?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 5. Did all
Pharaohs build pyramids? In what other ways could a Pharaoh be
commemorated?
______________________________________________________ 117 66
67. THIRD UNIT JOB DEMAND. http://images.google.co.cr/images
THIS UNIT INTRODUCES YOU TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT: Identification
and comparison of job demand in Costa Rica and in English speaking
countries. Functions: Evaluation of content related to jobs. (Jobs
and human rights, safety rules, etc) Identification and validation
of different aspects related to jobs. Production of interviews and
reports about job demand. Interpretation of complex sentences and
texts about JOBS. TOPIC: JOB DEMAND IN COSTA RICA. LEARNING
STRATEGIES: Summary of texts, ideas, etc. Production of interviews
and reports. Production of ads, summaries and resumes 67
68. Its March 20, 2004. Miss Durn is applying for a job. Mr.
Taylor: Now tell me Miss Durn, what experience do you have in the
fashion industry? Margaret: Well, I went to the School of Design,
and at present Im the manager of Lords Clothing Store. Mr. Taylor:
Have you ever worked as a fashion designer? Margaret: No, I havent.
Mr. Taylor: And how long have you been at your present job?
Margaret: I have been working there since March 12, 2003. Mr.
Taylor: Why do you want to quit? Margaret: Because Im not learning
anything new. Mr. Taylor: When can you begin? Margaret:
Immediately. Mr. Taylor: Very well, Miss Durn. You can start a part
time job right now, and after 3 months you should get a full-time
job. Margaret: Thank you very much.
http://images.google.co.cr/images 68
69. EXERCISE 41.Mark with a x the best option (a,b,c,d)
according to the text. 1-What kind of interview did she have? A
___________ interview. A) Learning. B) School C) News D) job 2-How
long has she been at her present job? For ____________. A) Ten
years B) about one year C) about two years D) more than five years
3-Which position does she currently have? Shes a _______________.
A) store designer B) store manager C) School manager D) Clothes
designer 69
70. 4-Why does she want a new job? Because ____________. A) She
wants to learn more B) she needs more Money C) she hates working D)
her salary is low EXERCISE 42. Read the ads. Choose the best
alternative to answer each question. HELP WANTED ELECTRICIAN:
Part-time, experience, benefits. good with Call Mr. NURSES:
Parttime, with or without experience. Call 869-7351. Brown.
933-1264. ENGINEER: With experience, 4 weeks SALESPEOPLE: Full-time
and part-time, vacation. Call Ms. Wong. 765-4200. with or without
experience. Call 645-9763. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS: With or without
WAITER/WAITRESS: Full-time and part- experience. Training program.
Call 359- time, with our without experience, training 5802.
program. See Mr. Mazzela. La Strada Restaurant. MECHANICS:
Part-time and full-time, with experience, excellent salary. Write
Mr. Johnson, 258 Park Road, Winfield, N.Y. 10820 H
ttp://images.google.co.cr/images 70
71. 1-Which occupation requires a training program? The
_________________. A) Nurse B) mechanic C) Salesperson D) Flight
attendant 2-Which occupation offers good benefits? The one for a
(n) __________ A) salesperson B) electrician C) mechanic D) nurse
3-Which option offers both, a full and a part time job, at the same
time? The one for a (n) ___________________. A) Nurse B) Engineer
C) Mechanic D) flight attendant 71
72. 4-How can an electrician contact Mr. Brown? By
__________________. A) writing electronic mail B) writing a letter
C) sending a fax D) making a call http://images.google.co.cr/images
For recent college graduates or professionals beginning a new job
search, a job hunt can be an exhausting process. One of the reasons
is that, according to the experts, to be successful in your job
search, you have to "market" yourself, and many people just dont
know how. According to Loribeth Dalton, director of career services
for The Art Institute of Las Vegas, "The job search is very similar
to sales and marketing. To be successful you must follow a linear
strategic plan." For example, says Dalton, start with the two of
the most important building blocks for a successful job search: the
resume and cover letter. "The purpose of a resume is to tell an
employer what a person has done in the past. The cover letter tells
the prospective employer what skills and abilities the job seeker
has that will allow them to be successful in the future with their
company," she says. "Each cover letter should be crafted to be very
specific to the job applied for." 72
73. Michael Courteau, professional development instructor at
The Art Institutes International Minnesota recommends never having
a resume longer than one page. Anything beyond that wont get read.
"Conventional wisdom is that most resumes are read, on average, for
eight seconds, so adding another page to your resume becomes
unnecessary, since youll only be placing an even greater textual
demand on the readers eight seconds," he says. If you have limited
work experience, like a new college grad, consider creating a
functional resume that emphasizes skills. For example, says
Courteau, near the top of your resume you would list such skills as
knowledge of specific software, bilingual skills, or relevant
volunteer experience. In your cover letter, says Kirsten Wright,
graduate employment advisor at The Art Institute of Washington,
"point out the strengths of your resume and direct a potential
employer to things that you cannot explicitly state in your resume
but that make you stand out." In both resumes and cover letters,
always use high quality paper. Stay away from slang language and
avoid using contractions. You want to present yourself as a
professional, even if youve never held a formal job before. Find
out if your school has a career services department, and if so, ask
for guidance. "Thats what theyre there for," says Diana
Graves-Sharple, director of career services of The Art Institute of
Atlanta. Graves-Sharple also recommends seeking out friends,
family, professional organizations, trade journals, job boards,
recruiters, staffing agencies and industry specific directories to
help in your job search. "Research your city, or the city youd like
to work in, the job market, and know the industry and the companies
that you are contacting for potential employment," she advises.
http://images.google.co.cr/images 73
74. With the entire job seeking information available on the
Web -- including Career Builder.com, CreativeHotlist.com,
TalenZoo.com, and FlipDog.com. -- are todays graduates in better
shape than a generation ago to find a job? "Overall, Id have to say
yes," says Jennifer Abramski, assistant director of career services
of The Art Institute of Seattle. But, she adds, there are common
mistakes she sees over and over again. For example, graduates need
to respond quickly to job leads, i.e. within a day. They need to
return a potential employers call immediately and be on time for
interviews. Abramski adds, "five minutes late is not on time." Be
enthusiastic. Often the recent graduate still has the "laid back"
college mentality, but this doesnt work well in a job interview
situation. "Employers often end up thinking youre not interested in
the job or the company," she says. Remember, a first job is not
necessarily a dream job. But it does add to your professional
experience. All these experts agree, thank you notes for an
interview need to be sent within one day of an interview. Thank you
notes "can tip the scales in your favor," says Kristin Wright.
"When all other skill sets and experiences are equal, this can be
the factor that gets you hired," she adds. Thank you notes also
give you the opportunity to point something out about yourself that
you didn't make clear during the interview process. When its time
to sit back and wait for the job interview calls to come in,
remember to listen to the outgoing message of your home answering
machine or cell phone. Edie Beattie, career services advisor at The
Art Institute of Charlotte, remembers calling a graduate who was
actively job searching and hearing an outgoing message of "What`s
Up?" and then beep. If a potential employer hears that, your job
offer could be doomed. So whether youre a new college graduate or
an experienced professional who has been recently downsized, the
guidelines are the same. Write a good resume and cover letter, be
organized and keep track of who you interview with, write thank-you
notes and maintain a professional image, even if youre just at home
waiting for the phone to ring. You never know. Courtesy of ARA
Content 74
75. EXERCISE 43. TRUE OR FALSE. 1. A resume describes how you
can contribute to the company True: False: in the future. 2. A
different cover letter should be written for each job you True:
False: apply for. 3. Resumes are usually looked at only very
briefly. True: False: 4. A functional resume mainly describes your
experience. True: False: 5. Resumes and cover letters should use
only formal language. True: False: 6. Interviews require a similar
mentality to college. True: False: 7. Thank you notes give you the
chance to add to what you said True: False: in the interview. TAKEN
FROM: Reading Room Home. EXERCISE 44. Answer the following
questions: 1. What is the purpose of a resume?
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why should a cover letter be crafted?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. What is a functional resume?
_______________________________________________________________________
75
76. 4. What do people have to avoid in a resume?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What does not work well in a job interview situation?
________________________________________________________________________
6. What do thank you notes give?
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Have you been to a job interview?
_______________________________________________________________________
76
77. http://images.google.co.cr/images Interviewer: So, why do
you want to be a computer programmer? Jason: Well, I don't like
working in a fast food restaurant, and I want to make more money.
Interviewer: I see. Do you have any expe