Ksr swedakarma-tpt-1

Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karmaof Sweda Karma

Dr KSR PrasadDr KSR PrasadOn 12-12-2016@CME on Panchakarma at

SV Ayurveda College TirupathiSV Ayurveda College, Tirupathi

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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/


Learning Objectivities C it i f l ti f it bl• Criteria for selection of suitable sweda karma in various diseases

• Enumeration of the most beneficial• Enumeration of the most beneficial sweda karma

• Standard operational procedure of• Standard operational procedure of sweda karma

• Modified sweda karma vis‐à‐vis• Modified sweda karma vis‐à‐vis classical methods

• Pinda sweda varieties withPinda sweda varieties with indications and rationality


I d iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Introduction i i d fi d “ h f h• Sweating is defined as “The process of the

sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid” or simply “Being wet with perspiration”

• How a physiological process is brought p y g p gforward as “therapeutic” in Ayurveda long long ago is a big questiong g g q

• Ayurveda a traditional health system of Indian continent brought many minute observationscontinent brought many minute observations of common processes with therapeutic values


M l Ni hCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Mala Nirharana• Sweda karma – a process of methodical and regulative sweating process with the aid of direct or indirect heat that generates the sweat to eliminate the bio‐waste materials from the body y

• As the sweating is removing the “Mala” (waste) from the body and protective natured it may notfrom the body and protective natured, it may not be termed as putative (Shodhana) but certainly a factor to influence the elimination process infactor to influence the elimination process in purification methods of Panchakarma


Sh dh P h kCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Shodhana Panchakarma• The shodhana Panchakarma are mainly four (Charaka) and became five along with ( ) gRaktamokshana and adopted Agnikarma also.

• The shodhana Panchakarma are capable of• The shodhana Panchakarma are capable of eliminating the Dosha from Koshta only

• The Koshta is mainly Gastrointestinal Tract and its attachments like – Liver, Pancreas, Kidney,its attachments like Liver, Pancreas, Kidney, Heart, Lungs, etc.


N l Sh dhCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

No place as ShodhanaS d i l f h “ k ” b• Swedana is only one of the “Upakrama” but not has its place as “Shodhana’

• It clearly states that the shodhana purva karma and upakrama are different

• It is to understand that the Upakrama is Shamanaand the Shodhana purva Swedana is adjunct to shodhana

• Thus we derive three terms – Purva Karma Swedana, Upakrama (Shamana) Swedana and Paschat Karma Swedana


S iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Sweat is …i h b f h h i• Either because of weather or any heating mechanism like steam or due to exercise or fever even the body temperature is raised and sweat is released through ducts of skin.

• It moistens the surface of body and cools the individual down as it evaporates.p

• Sweat is made mostly of water, but about 1 percent of sweat is a combination of saltspercent of sweat is a combination of salts and fat.


C i i f l iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Criteria for selection• The Salt and Fat of the body are regulated through temperature to sweat

• The criteria of selection of different swedamentioned in texts or adaptations and newmentioned in texts or adaptations and new trends and developments is not a simple task A di th d f i ti f th ti t• Ayurvedic method of examination of the patient and the Dosha‐Dushya randomization and its i l i i i l d i f himpact analysis is essential to determine for the selection of Swedana method for better results


F i f S d l iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Functions of Swedana vs selectionM i f ti f S d k• Main functions of Sweda karma are –– Sthambhagna – stiffness is removed

• Commonly cramps muscle stiffness are observed in Vata• Commonly – cramps, muscle stiffness are observed in Vatavyadhi viz. Grudhrasi, Manyasthambha, etc.

– Gouravahara – heaviness is removed • Heaviness is a symptom of Kapha in diseases like – obesity (sthoulya), circulatory collapse, pakshaghata, etc.

– Sheetaghna – coldness is removedSheetaghna coldness is removed • All cold intolerance diseases viz. Hypothyroidism, Hypopitutarism, Rynaud’s Phenomenon, SLE, etc.

S d i d t i ti– Swedana – inducts perspiration • All the people of Hypohydrosis viz. Diabetes, Alcoholism, Kampavata, Amyloidosis, etc.


S l iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Salt retention • In salt retention diseases, edema occurs primarily because of the body's retention of p y ytoo much salt (sodium chloride).

• The excess salt causes the body to retain• The excess salt causes the body to retain water, which then leaks into the interstitial

htissue spaces, where it appears as edema. • Few medications also can cause pittingFew medications also can cause pitting edema.


F iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Fat retention k f h i l i i d d h id• Lack of physical activity or decreased thyroid

activity, increased production of the adrenal h ti l d i t t th hhormone cortisol, and resistance to the hormone insulin can be causes of abnormal weight gain or fat depositionsfat depositions – First system is Endo‐cannabinoid system that stores fat to use as reserve energyfat to use as reserve energy

– The second system involves the enzyme AMP kinasenormally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releasesnormally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releases the stored energy. Inactivity of AMP kinase results in to fat depositions.


Diff f f E i iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Different factors of Examination • Examine a patient thoroughly for –

– the Sweda indications told in Samhita– Hot intolerance causes (contra indications)

• Anxiety• Anxiety • Hyperthyroidism • Menopause• Menopause • Multiple sclerosis • Cancer• Cancer • Peripheral /Autonomous neuropathy



Enumeration of the Most beneficial sweda karma


S d V i iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Swedana Varieties S h t I id th l t t i tifi• Sushruta, I consider the latest scientific compendium of Ayurveda classify Swedana as –

Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through any– Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through any material – cloth, metallic vessels, hands, etc.

– Ushma sweda – (bhaspa) It is done with water steam ( p )either through a nozzle or in a vessel

– Upanaha sweda – material applied (lepa) or tied over surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda)surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda) for sudation

– Drava sweda –liquids are used here for submergingDrava sweda liquids are used here for submerging (Avagaha) or pouring (parisheka) or showering (Varshulika)


i b d


Enumeration based on Temperature T d (28 32 d ) D li– Taapa sweda: (28‐32 degrees) Delicate, soft skinned people or people required low to medium temperature constantlylow to medium temperature constantly for longer duration or for the Rasa, Raktadiseasesdiseases

– Upanaha sweda – (32‐36 degrees) –when ever “Utsedha” or swellings arewhen ever Utsedha or swellings are observed Bnadhana, muscle diseases (pseudo muscular atrophy), paralysis, etc (p p y), p y ,where medium duration or for the Mamsa & tendon diseases


i b d


Enumeration based on Temperature D d (36 40 d ) i i– Drava sweda – (36‐40 degrees) it is commonly used for the skeletal diseases spinal diseases IVDPdiseases, spinal diseases, IVDP, Ankylosis, Arthritis, etc. especially for Asthi dhatugata vyadhiAsthi dhatugata vyadhi

– Ushma sweda: (40‐46degrees) common comfortable method of steaming (wet)comfortable method of steaming (wet) or hot wind (dry heat) in either open (nadi) or closed (box) methods with ( ) ( )duration regulations for all dhatugatadiseases


Whi h i b fi i l?Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Which is beneficial?• The benefits are cumulated with –

– Space maintenance p– Material economy Manpower requirement– Manpower requirement

– Cost effectiveness– Season suitability – Person suitability y– Disease suitability



SOP of sweda karma ‐Patient• Check vitals – BP, Pulse, Weight, Height, BMI• Note any cardiac or skin problems are there• Note any cardiac or skin problems are there • Enquire for the psychological interventions or

h biphobia• Check the condition of patients for the selection of type of swedana

• According to the dhatu involvement orAccording to the dhatu involvement or availability the schedule can be fixed


SOP f d kCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

SOP of sweda karma d d l• Record BP and Pulse

• Check whether Abhyanga is done or not • Note whether the swedana is for Local or Full body y

• Check the medicine & material for the type of swedana required – each SOP differsswedana required each SOP differs

• Steam for the required time or till the forehead sweating is recordedsweating is recorded

• Record BP and Pulse


Modified Sweda karma vis à visCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Modified Sweda karma vis‐à‐vis classical methods

• Standard sweda karma are done by closed or open methodopen method

• Modifications are done according to the situation i d das it demands

– Use of Infra Red Lamp directly – Infra Red lamp on Kativasti / Januvasti, etc– Hot air blowers – Heat eliminating reflectors – Heat transmitting colour plates (Chromato therapy)


Pinda sweda varieties withCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Pinda sweda varieties with indications and rationality y

Pinda /Pottali is a pack of materials according to p gthe condition to transmit the heat initially and therapeutic values embedded in ittherapeutic values embedded in it

GUNANUSARA – Snigdha, Rooksha, Snigha Rooksha.

STHANA BEDHA – Ekanga, Sarvanga.

PRAYOGA BEDHA Mridhu Madhyama MahaanPRAYOGA BEDHA – Mridhu, Madhyama, Mahaan

DRAVYA BHEDA – Valuka, Churns, Shastikashali, etc.



Pinda sweda Application

• Preparation of Pinda• Application procedure


G S dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Gunanusara Sweda Snigdha sweda :- Tila, Masha, Shali, Mamsa rasa, and

Amlavarga dravya.Used in Vatavyadhi, Vatapradhana Roga.Eg :- Patra Pinda Sweda Shashtika Shali Pinda SwedaEg. :- Patra Pinda Sweda, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda Ruksha sweda:- Purisha of cow, horse, donkey, sand

Used in Amadosha, Urustambha, Medoroga, Granthi, Kaphaja vikara & Sashotha shoola.Eg. :- Valuka Sweda


P Pi d S dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Patra Pinda Sweda500 L l t d di t th diti• 500gm Leaves selected according to the condition -Shigru, Arka, Dhattura, Chincha, Eranda, NirgundiPatra –

• 25gm of Prakshepa with - Shatapushpa, Devadaru, Rasna etc.

• 10gm Saindhava lavana (especially in Vata or Vatakapha vyadhi)

• 50 l f V t h T il K tt h kk di t il• 50ml of Vatahara Taila – Kottamchukkadi taila, Karpura tailam, Dhanvantaram tailam, etc. – Lemon – (Amlavarga) – Good to add in Vata vyadhiLemon (Amlavarga) Good to add in Vata vyadhi– 100gm wet Coconut grinded – commonly used in Kerala to

induce unction


F S ifi P Pi d dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Few Specific Patra Pinda sweda• PPS is a Snigdha rooksha type of sweda used in ‐ Rheumatoid arthritis, PakshaghatagOsteoarthritis, Myalgia, Neuralgia, Lumbago, Paresthesia etcParesthesia etc. – Eranda patra Pinda sweda In Mootrakrichra

d h h d d b h k– Eranda chincha patra Pinda sweda in Avabahuka


Sh ik Sh li Pi d S dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Shastika Shali Pinda Swedadi i• Indications

– Balavata (Poliomyelitis)– Pakshaghata (Paralysis) / post polio residual paralysis– Vatashonita– Shosha (Emaciation)– Vata roga associated with dhatukshaya (Neurological)– Mamsa sosha, peripherial neuritis etc. and other conditions which result in to atrophy of muscles.

– Spasticity, reduced mobility, rigidity, low backache, sciatica, scoliosis, kyphosis, arthritis, etc


SSPS d d h dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

SSPS – standard method 12 pala (600gm) - Bala

3 Aadaka (8 litres) Water

3 Prastha (2 litres) Decoction bala

1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cow’s milk 1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cow s milk

½ Prastha (500gm) Shashtika shali

This makes 100gms each 5 pottali that can run by the 4 therapist at once

If minimum number of therapist (2) are working 250-300 gmsof shashtika Shali can be use to make 3 pottali


SSPSCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

SSPS• There seems to have been about a hundred varieties of rice but only about 20 types are said to be existing. Njavara is one of the 20.

• Njavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called asNjavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called as “Gold With Fragrance” , commonly red rice reaped within 60 days needed longer time toreaped within 60 days needed longer time to cook (38 min) l k l d j h b d i d• Black glumed Njavara has been used in Ayurveda

treatment from the age of Charaka‐ie, BC.600.


SSPSCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

SSPSD h k d Nj i i t d f 73%• Dehusked Njavara rice consisted of 73% carbohydrates, 9.5% protein, 2.5% fat, 1.4% ash and 1628 kJ per 100 g of energyand 1628 kJ per 100 g of energy

• The Njavara has more carbohydrate (non‐starch polysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy inpolysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy in nature

• Research CFTRI states that ‐ 16.5% higherResearch CFTRI states that 16.5% higher protein, Thiamine (27–32%), Riboflavin (4–25%) ,Niacin (2–36%) Dietary fibre 34–44%

• G. Deepa et al., Nutrient composition and physicochemical properties of Indian medicinal rice – Njavara, Food Chemistry 106 (2008) 165–171


V i i f Pi dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Variations of Pindab i d d• Jambeera Pinda Sweda

• Kukkutanda sweda– Basically Mamsarasa, Amlavarga, Lavanavarga, Vatahara Sneha (taila), g , ( ),Doshahara dravya, Vyadhihara dravyaare the ingredients

– Any ingredients of Dosha – Vyadhibased are used for transmitting the heat

– Easily available – sand, husk, wood, stone, etc materials are good


T dCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Tapa sweda• Pansa patra tapa sweda• Arka patra tapa swedaArka patra tapa sweda

– Most of the time these tapa sweda are used for local heat transmittinglocal heat transmitting

– It relives local stiffness and pain – The leaves used are usually thick to retain heat and transmit


C l iCriteria and Methods of Sweda Karma

Conclusion S d i l i h i di id l• Swedana is only sweating the individual

• The purpose is –– To bring the dosha from shakha to koshta(purvakarma)

– To relieve the stiffness (Shanama karma) • The components involved are –

– Heating elements, Heat transmitters, Heat conversion, Heat transportation, Heat elimination in the system

– Heat resistance and tolerances are also to be considered


h k


Thank You


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Ksr swedakarma-tpt-1