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Lab Sections
Hematologystudy formed cells
• Terms:• Anemia• Anticoagulant• Clot• Granulocyte• Hemolysis• Hemostasis• Leukemia
Hematology con’t
• Dx: leukemia, anemia, infection• Tubes: Purple tube-EDTA • invert 8 x• Plasma: liquid part of blood when not
clotted• Serum:if clotted is liquid part of blood
Hematology tests• CBC: WBC• RBC• HGB• HCT• PLTdifferential: neutrophils Bands Segs lymphocyctes monocytes eosinophils
• Body fluid analysis—CSF• Bone Marrow
aspirate/biopsy• ESR- sed rate• Lupus erythematous –LE• Osmotic Fragility-• check RBC, for
sickle cell disease• Reticulocytes• Sickle cells• Stains
Coagulation- checks clottingdivision of hematology
• Tube: light blue• put on ice immediately/lab 30 min.• invert 8 x
Coagulation
Purpose: Look at cement or glue for clotting
Coagulation Tests
• PTT/PT- how fast blood clots• BT- bleeding time- how fast you stop
bleeding• Factor assays• Anti-thrombin III- breaks down clots• Plt. Aggregation-
Chemistry
• Most computerized section• Little blood needed- for many tests
3 sections:- Chemistry- Electrophoresis- Toxicology/TDM
Factors affecting chemistry specimens
1. Hemolyzed-clotted/cells destroyed2. Icteric- Yellow b/c high biliruben3. Lipemic- full of fat/white
Handling of specimens
1. Fasting- NPO 8-12 hrs. 2. Timed- draw at certain time per orders3. Chilled- put on ice4. Protect from light- wrap in foil
light breaks down cells (biliruben)
Chemistry runs tests on:
• Blood• Urine• Body fluids
Chemistry Tests
• Glucose• Lytes- K, NA, Mg• Cholesterol• Triglycerides• Enzymes• BUN – blood urea
nitrogen• GTT- glucose
tolerance test
• Profiles:SMAC: glucose, LD, BUN,
Cr, Na, K, Chol., triglycerides, uric acid, t. protein, albumin, Calcium, ALP
Liver: ALP, ATT, AST, Biliruben, SGOT
MI: AST, CK, CPK, LDH
Cardiac risk profile: Chol. LDL. HDL, triglycerides
Blood bank
Purpose: collect, store & prep blood for transfusions
Tests for: RBC antigen/ATBABO/Rh compatibilityHIV/Hepatitis in donated blood
BB terms
• Antibody• Antigen• Blood group ( ABO)• Blood type +/-• Cross match• Compatibility
• Cryoprecipitate• FFP• PRBC’s• 1 unit blood =
300-400 cc
Plt’s
Whole Blood contains: PRBC, Plt, WBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate
Autologous donation: donate blood to self
BB tests
• ATB screens• Group & type ( ABO/Rh )• Type & Cross ( T& C)• Type & Screen ( T& S)
Serology/Immunology
• Terms:1. agglutination-to clump
2. autoimmunity-ATB against self
3. immunoglobulin- Y shaped ATB that identifies bacterial & viral infections in body
4. immunology/serology
Serology/immunology
Purpose: evaluate the body’s immune response, detect ATB to self, virus, bacteria & fungus
Serology/Immunology
Tubes: plain red top serum separator
Tests:
-VDRL- syphilis-RA-Rheumatoid arthritis-HCG-pregnancy test-HBSag- Hep. B surface Antigen-CMV- cytomegaly virus-EBV-Epstein Barr virus-mono-Western Blot/Elisa- HIV
Microbiology
Purpose: look for m.o in body infections/bacteria
Sections: Bacteriology• Mycology
Parasitology Virology
Tubes: yellow tube- fungus special – swabs, culture bottles
Terms
• Isoloation• Microbiology• Pathogenic• Sensitivity• Sepsis• Sterile toxins• virology
Tests
• Blood cultures• Culture & sensitivity (C& S)• Fungal culture• Gram stain• O & P ( ova & parasite)• TC- throat culture
Collect specimens form
• Blood • Urine• Throat• Wounds • Feces• Sputum
Urinalysis
Terms:-casts-glucosuria-hematuria-ketonuria-proteinuria-pyuria-U/A
Urinalysis
Purpose- breakdown & look at urine
Handling: to lab STATput in special cup
• U/A: color-appearance• chemical:-specific gravity-ph-glucose- Ketones- Blood- Biliruben- Nitrates- Leukocytes
Microscope: -WBC-RBC-casts-crystals-bacteria
