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Cancer- Types, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Management, Available Drugs, MOA, Total Market, Limitations of presently available drugs, brand names of available brands with their company name
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CANCER
Shantanu Sen Product Specialist The Himalaya Drug Company
WHAT IS CANCER ?
TYPES OF TUMORS
TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer• Breast cancer• Colon and rectal cancer• Endometrial cancer• Pancreatic cancer• Kidney cancer• Prostrate cancer• Thyroid cancer• leukemia
KINDS OF CANCERS
NAMING OF CANCER
ETIOLOGY
Environmental factors• Tobacco• Alcohol• Dietary Factors• Occupational exposures• Viruses• Parasites• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles• Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs
GeneticEg• Retinoblastoma in Children• Leukemia in Mongols
CAUSES OF CANCER
Factors Believed to Contribute to Global Causes of Cancer
EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER
2013 ESTIMATES
CANCER CAUSES IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Cancer scenario in India
Year wise total cancer prevalence in India [ICMR, 2006; ICMR, 2009]
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT CANCERS IN INDIA
SMOKING & HOOKAH
BIDI & HOOKAH SMOKING
SMOKED MEAT,TOBACCO, HOOKAH
BETEL NUT,PANMASALA, ALCOHOL
BETEL CHEWING
PAN MASALA AND ALCOHOL
NUCLEAR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
PAN MASALA & GUTKA
Etiological factors for the prevalence of different cancers in India [Koul et al, 2010; ICMR, 2001;Somdatta et al, 2008; Sharma et al, 2009; Gaur et al, 2006; Prasad et al, 2005; Malothu et al, 2010; Sumathi et al, 2009; (b): http//
TOBACCO USE IN DIFFERENT FORM
TUIBUR
GALL STONES
COMPARISON OF CANCERINDIA WITH GLOBAL SCENARIO
• 2020- 10 million deaths,70% in developing countries ( Murray et al,1996)
• Incidence in India less than developed countries (Fenley et al ,2001)
• Lung cancer worldwide 14%,all of india 6.8%(Nandakumar,2001)
• South east asian countries including India, lower rates of stomach cancer (Parkin et al,1999,WHO,2001),mizoram shows increased no cases ( Hadjiiski et al, 2006)
Pathogenesis Of Cancer
Management Of Cancer
• Surgery• Radiotherapy• Chemotherapy• Immunotherapy• Hormone therapy• Gene therapy• Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat
cancer
Preventive measures of cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis
RECENT STUDIES
• Lifestyle changes reduce the risk of prostate cancer( published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer, was carried out by researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC).)
• Researchers Aiming To Suppress Therapy Resistance In Brain Cancer (http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/262571.php)
• Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer (http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262612.php)
Life style changes reduce the risk of prostate cancer (Nutrition and Cancer" Lenore Arab, PhD, et al. Nutrition and Cancer Jun-2013)
• Focuses on 8 new lifestyle recommendation by WCRF
• Encouraged physical activity and consumption of food low in caloric density(under 125kcal/100 grams of food)
• who followed less than 4 recommendation at higher risk(38%)
Research aiming to suppress therapy resistance in brain cancer (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. Medical News Today.
MediLexicon, Intl., 29 Jun. 2013. Web)
• Gliomas are malignant brain tumors, treatment combines radiotherapy with anticancer drug temozolomide
• Some cases shows resistance , DNA repair mechanism aided by NAD+ molecule
• QRTP enzyme break down quinolinic acid to NAD+ molecule
• Agent directed against enzyme help suppress therapy resistance in brain
Fish oil reduces the risk of breast cancer (Nordqvist, Joseph.
"Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 28 Jun. 2013. Web.)
• Links fish,n-3PUFA intake and risk of breast cancer
• Marine n-3PUFA intake associated with 14% reduced risk of breast cancer
• For every 0.1g/day increase in consumption ,risk reduced by 5%
Anticancer Drugs With Their MOA
Schematic Representation Of MOA
Limitations Of Presently Available Drugs• Myelotoxicity
• Alopecia • loss of appetite & weight
• nausea & vomitus
• taste change
• stomatitis, esophagitis, constipation, diarrhea
•Cardiotoxicity
•Neurotoxicity
•lung damage
•sterility & teratogenicity
•hepatotoxicity & nefrotoxicity
•↓ wound healing •↓ growth (children)
•carcinogenicity
Anticancer Drugs In The Market
Market share of Anticancer Drug Makers
Growth In Cancer Market
REFERENCE
• All about cancer http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/
• Imran Ali,Waseem A. Wani and Kishwar Saleem,( 2011)Cancer Scenario in India with Future Perspectives, Cancer Therapy Vol 8, 56-70
• National cancer institute, http://www.cancer.gov/
• Gobal cancer facts and figures, http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-027766.pdf
THANK YOU