Egil Harvold

A History of Myofunctional OrthodonticsGeorge Catlin

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Norman Kingsley

Julius Wolff

J. Sim Wallace

Edward H. Angle

Andresen and

Haupl

Alfred P. Rogers

Chris Farrell, John Flutter

You

Allan G. Brodie

Westin Price

Bimler, Balters, Frankel

Tom Graber

Melvin Moss

Donald Enlow

Charlie Tweed

Daniel Garliner

Robert Little

John Mew

Wilhelm Roux•German anatomist, physiologist

investigated the mechanisms of functional adaptations of bones, cartilage, and tendons to malformation and disease.

Conceptualized “Functional Orthopedics” …. “to learn new neuromuscular performance patterns and to provide security and ease in their performance of muscle exercises and training.”

(1850- 1924)

Alfred P. Rogers

•Angle School, 1903 •taught at Harvard •private practice in Boston •past president of the AAO •total-child approach and advocated muscular exercises to improve neck, head, and tongue posture and encourage nasal breathing •treated many so-called “skeletal Class II” cases ONLY with exercise.

1873-1959

“Our teachers have recognized the importance of muscular pressure in its normal conduct as well as in its abnormal conduct, but here we

seem to have stopped, assuming that with the correction of the faulty osseous formation

and cusp relation, nature, somehow or other, would establish the correct muscular tone

and muscular habits…”

Alfred P. Rogers, 1918 to the A.S.OAlfred P. Rogers, 1918 to the A.S.O

MM exercise alone

“ I find that in the treatment of the majority of my cases this method can be used to advantage.” A.R. 1922

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31mm

31mm

35.5mm

“She was taught to •place her arches in a position of mechanical advantage…• make conscious and persistent effort to contract and relax this group.”

Pterygoid exercise

Proper, systematic exercise alone will be found to do more than any other thing to promote

harmonious development. - A.R. 1918

•“Throw the mandible forward as far as possible•Hold for 10 seconds•Relax slightly and repeat”

•These muscles are the “intermaxillary elastics of nature”.

Early works by Alfred P Rogers

“Exercises for the Development of the Muscles of the Face with a View to Increasing Their Functional Activity. Dental Cosmos, October, 1918.

“Muscle Training and Its Relation to Orthodontia.” Dental Items of Interest, 1919, xli.

“Stimulating Arch Development by the Exercise of the Masseter-Temporal Group of Muscles. International Journal of Orthodontia, February, 1922, viii.

“Making Facial Muscles Our Allies in Treatment and Retention.” Dental Cosmos, July, 1922.

“Coordinating Natural and Artificial Methods of Treatment. ” International Journal of Orthodontia, February, 1924, x.

“ Simplifying Orthodontic Treatment. International Journal of Orthodontia, June, 1926, xii.”