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Living labs, as new social high tech.
Artur SerraLiving Lab Group, Fundació [email protected]
Barcelona, June 27, 2016
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Índex
• I. Technocultures, ahead
• II. The cultures of design.
• III. Nets and Labs
• IV. The Anthropocen: the opportunity for Europe.
1. Technocultures ahead
The era of technocultures
Margareth MeadPre-figurative Cultures
“Culture and Engagement” (1971)
Modes ofCulture
Post-figurative cultures. -Primitive and religious societies-Power in the hands of elders. -The pass tense, the langage of myths.
Co-figurative cultures. -Modern industrial societies.-Power in the hands of peers. Nuclear family -The present tense. The world of today
Pre-figurative cultures-Digital innovation socities. -Young generation lives with different set of values than parents and grand-parents. -Future tense, pre-figuration as new cultural form.
M.J. BuxóModes of knowledge (1988)
Cognitive AnthropologyUniversity ofBarcelona
Post-figurativecultures:
Co-figurativeCultures
Cultures prefiguratives:
Mytho-poietic knowledge. Conceptual realism
Logic-formal knowledgeMathematization of universe
Design as cultural knowlegeAnthropological prospective.
Project “Sciences of design,High technologies and Cultural Tradition” (1990-1992)
TechnoantropologyMaria J. Buxó
Angel Jordan (1992)
“This is the study of technology as a cultural system….Technoantropology elaborates the expert systems of knowledge that help to develop the cultural design” Design Culture” A. Serra 1992:5)
2. “Design Culture”:
Ethnography of School of Computer Science. Carnegie
Mellon, 1990-1993.
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Projecte de recerca: “Ciències
del disseny, noves
tecnologies i tradició
cultural” (1990-93), finançat
Pel DepartamentDe Presidència de laGeneralitat
The “ARPA laboratories”
Prior to 1965, there were no U.S. universities granting a Ph.D. in computer science.
´”Licklider, and his ARPA successors, provided funding for the research needed to create university graduate programs in computer science at U.C. Berkeley, CMU, MIT and Stanford.
It wasn't until 1969 that Ph.D's in computer science were awarded”.
http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/99HISTORYCD-ARPA-History.HTM
Departments of Computer Science.The “ARPA Labs”. 1960s
#1 Stanford University Stanford, CA
#2 Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA
#3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA
“Computer Science as an artificial
science”. 1988
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- " Since computer science is an artificial science (Simon 1981) theoretical computer science plays a very different role within computer science than, say, theoretical physics plays within physics.
- Theoretical physics seeks to understand the physical universe, which exists independently. Theoretical computer scientists seek to understand all possible architectures or algorithms, which computer scientists create themselves."
- “The National Challenge in Computer Science and Technology” Computer Science and Technology Board, National Research Council, 1988.
“The scientists of the artificial”
Alan TuringFrank Oppenheimer
J. Von Neumann Claude Shannon
WWII, Scientists became engineers, and the engineers, scientists..
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Their research program.
“Sciences of artificial” are called Synthetic Sciences
Two different models of innovation
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The traditional model: Science-Technology-Industry(Vanevar Bush)
The mission-driven model: “High Tech”(Darpa)
Science, Basic Research
Technology,Applied Research
Industry,Development
Mission driven Research: Technology Research: Basic and Applied
“Dual use Technology”:First defense, then commercial.
((
Some examples: The Internet
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“Mission-driven research” “Dual use technology”
Second: The self-driving car
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Stanley, winner 2005
Sebastia Thrun, director AI Lab Stanford Univ.
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CoordinatingRole ofWhite House
The Net and the Lab
The Lab, LL scienceThe Lab, LL science
Nets and Labs:Two different types of technologies
in the digital era
The industrial machine
Industrial Engineering
The FactoryThe Industrial Management
The NetComputer science
Industrial era Digital era
2050, every person, every thing could be connected to the Net
But…
Some results…• Trustification of the Net. (Google,
Amazon, Facebook, Apple….)• Increasing the centralized surveillance
(NSA,…)• Repeting monopolies of the past ….• Results 1. High tech benefits only one
part population, excluding the rest.• Results 2: Ending the innovation in the
long term.
Instead of a new digital infrastructure connecting old economic ,social , politicalStructures…
It would be possible to generate new economic, social, political, cultural structures…?
The lab as new social high tech
What if?
“The Lab” (2020) Open innovation collaboratory over the “the Net”
Von Hippel, Democratizing Innovation. (2005)
ENoLL (2006)
Citilab, a citizen laboratory (2007).
(2009)
(2014)
Towards a third model of innovation
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Vanevar Bush Model (1945)
Darpa Model (1957)
Science, Basic Research
Technology,Applied Research
Industry,Development
Mission driven Research: Technology Research: Basic and Applied
“Dual use Technology”:First defense, then commercial.
((
Universal Model (2016)
“EmpoweringEveryone
To Innovate”.
(ENoLL )
Quadruple Helix model, opening the innovation systems
Universities Governments
Companies Citizens
(Arnkil et al.,Exploring Quadruple Helix 2010)
The real dimension of the Quadruple Helix
Universities
Governments
Companies
Citizens
Barcelona as a collaboratory (2012).
IV. The Anthropocen:the challenge for Europe
The AnthropocenPaul Crutzen, 2000. “The Anthropocene is a proposed epoch that begins when human activities started to have a significant global impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems” (Wikipedia)
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The Antropocen is coming with the era of synthetic sciences: Human are transforming the nature.
The problem now is to know if sapiens will also be able of transform itself with the rest of nature.
Maybe we need synthetic social sciences: disciplines dedicate to augment our knowledge about what kind of social and cultural systems are possibles and how to build them.
.
The Anthropocen:the era of synthetic sciences
The challenge for Europe
•Europe is now again in the forefront of the economic, social and cultural crisis in the digital era. (Brexit case)
•We have not started the high tech era, but we can help to develop it in a more humane and inclusive way.
•Living Labs research and innovation theories and practices arethe new kind of social high tech that can help to develop modelsof society that will benefit of the potentialities of the new eraof innovation.
