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Europeana Founda,on EUscreenXL IPR Workshop The Hague, 13 May 2014 Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? Eleonora Rosa? @eLAWnora [email protected]

Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

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Presentation given at the EUscreenXL Strategic Workshop on IPR Regulations for Audiovisual Heritage, The Hague, 13 May 2014

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Page 1: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Europeana  Founda,on      ·∙      EUscreenXL  IPR  Workshop  The  Hague,  13  May  2014  

Bringing  Audiovisual  Works  Online:    (No)  Sooner  Said  than  Done?

Eleonora  Rosa?

@eLAWnora  eleonora@e-­‐lawnora.com  

Page 2: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Contents

•  The  peculiari,es  of  audiovisual  works    • Rights  clearance  

• What  if  you  can’t  locate  who  owns  the  rights?  •  More  rights  involved  in  single  act  of  exploita,on  (Public  Consulta,on)    

• When  rights  clearance  is  not  required:  excep,ons  and  limita,ons  •  Cross-­‐border  excep,ons  (Leaked  IA)?    

• Any  elephant  in  the  room?  

Page 3: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

The  peculiari?es  of  audiovisual  works

• Different  rightholders  •  Case  C-­‐277/10  Luksan  

 •  Legal  treatment  of  underlying  works  and  soundtracks    •  Temporal  law  difficul,es  

•  The  (messy)  case  of  the  UK  

Page 4: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Rights  clearance,  or:    there  are  things  that  are  easier

Page 5: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

What  if  you  can’t  locate  who  owns  the  rights?

Page 6: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

The  (shortcomings  of  the)  Orphan  Works  Direc?ve

•  Ini,al  idea  vs  final  result  • Rec  3:  “Crea+ng  a  legal  framework  to  facilitate  the  digi+sa+on  and  dissemina+on  of  works”  • Rec  1:  “Crea+ng  large  online  libraries  facilitates  electronic  search  and  discovery  tools”  • Without  specific  TDM  excep,on?  Right  to  read  is  right  to  mine?  •  Leaked  IA  deals  with  TDM  (some,mes  but  not  always  implies  making  a  copy)  

•  Exis,ng  law  •  (InfoSoc)  excep,on  for  non-­‐commercial  scien,fic  research  (UK)  •  Excep,on  for  temporary  copies  •  Ar,cle  6(2)(b)  and  9(b)  Database  Direc,ve    

•  The  way  seems  to  be  licensing?  (Licences  for  Europe)  •  Cf  Google  Books  ruling:  neither  excep,on  nor  licence  

Page 7: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

The  case  of  the  UK

Page 8: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

OW  Direc?ve  and  ERRA  licensing  scheme

OW  Direc,ve   ERRA  scheme  

Beneficiaries   •  Publicly  accessible  cultural  ins,tu,ons  •  Public-­‐service  broadcas,ng  organiza,ons   Any  

Categories  of  works  (no  maUer  whether  published  or  unpublished)  

•  Literary,  cinematographic  and  audiovisual  works  and  phonogram  in  collec,ons  of  publicly  accessible  cultural  ins,tu,ons.  

•  No  photographs  and  stand-­‐alone  images  •  First  published  or  broadcast  in  the  EU  

Any,  including  non-­‐UK  and  non-­‐EU  

PermiUed  uses  •  Only  to  achieve  public  interest  mission  •  Generate  revenues  only  to  recoup  digi,za,on  &  making  

available  costs  Any  

Legal  mechanism   Excep,on  to  the  rights  of  reproduc,on  and  making  available   Licence  

Timeframe   Implementa,on  by  29  October  2014  Regula,ons  on  track  for  adop,on  in  October  2014  

Page 9: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Is  the  ERRA  scheme  just  “complementary”?

•  Is  the  legal  mechanism  actually  a  licence?  “The  Secretary  of  State  may  by  regula+ons  provide  for  the  grant  of  licences  …”  •  OW  Direc,ve  •  InfoSoc  Direc,ve  

 • OW  Direc,ve  

•  Requires  MSs  to  adopt  common  approach  to  determining  permieed  uses  of  OWs  •  MSs  may  undertake  independent  ini,a,ves  to  address  larger  mass  digi,za,on  issues  (eg  out-­‐of-­‐commerce  works)  •  Not  the  case  of  UK  scheme  

Page 10: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Is  mutual  recogni?on  enough?

• OW  Direc,ve  basically  just  allows  digi,zing  works  and  placing  them  online  

 

• Has  effec,veness  (to  say  the  least)  of  EU  ac,on  in  the  area  of  OWs  been  impaired?  What  if  other  MSs  did  like  the  UK?  •  EU  pre-­‐emp,on    

• OW  Regula,ons  on  track  for  adop,on  in  October  2014    

• UK  is  thinking  of  concluding  agreements  with  non-­‐EU  English-­‐speaking  countries  to  create  OW  databases  and  ensure  mutual  recogni+on  of  OW  status  

Page 11: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

More  rights  in  a  single  act  of  exploita?on

•  Is  it  a  problem?  •  Google:  yes  •  UK  Government:  no  

•  Time  and  economic  (transac,on  costs)  problem  • What  if  you  don’t  clear  all  rights?  •  The  scope  of  some  (eg  making  available)  is  uncertain  •  Un,l  Svensson  unclear  whether  MSs  could  intend  scope  as  they  pleased  

•  Is  it  good  for  rightholders?  • Which  rights  have  been  infringed?  • Where  to  sue?  Case  C-­‐170/12  Pinckney  and  Case  C-­‐387/12  Hi  Hotel  

Page 12: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

When  rights  clearance  not  required,    yet  s?ll  a  problem:  excep?ons  and  limita?ons

Page 13: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Different  scope,  but  what  room  is  really  leU  for  MSs?

• Ar,cle  5  as  a  flexible  shopping  list?  •  Case  C-­‐510/10  TV2  Danmark  •  Case  C-­‐435/12  ACI  Adam    

• Over  the  past  year  alone  CJEU  quashed  several  na,onal  laws  •  Did  MSs  understand  what  InfoSoc  Direc,ve  required  •  Is  CJEU  pursuing  harmonisa,on  agenda?  

Page 14: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

The  elephant  in  the  room:  territoriality

Page 15: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Fragmenta?on  and  unclear  laws  lead  to  this:

Page 16: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Leaked  IA

Page 17: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

How  (also)  to  reduce  territoriality

•  4  policy  op,ons  (none  preferred  …)  a)  Leave  it  to  market  and  courts    b)  Som  law  and  support  for  market  ini,a,ves  (Licences  for  Europe)  c)  Legisla,ve  interven,on  (5-­‐10  years)  

•  Direc,ve  that  would  affect  InfoSoc,  Database  and  Rental  and  Lending  Rights  Direc,ves  •  How  to  reduce  territoriality  

i.  New  legal  act  (internal  market  basis)  that  would  clarify  which  contractual  territorial  restric,ons  would  be  null  and  void  because  of  market  par,,oning.  Absolute  territorial  restric,ons  may  be  OK  insofar  as  only  way  to  allow  appropriate  remunera,on  

ii.  Define  where  relevant  copyright  act  takes  place  for  the  sake  of  licensing,  according  to  country  of  origin  (establishment)  or  inten,on  to  target  approaches  

d)  European  ©  code  that  would  replace  na,onal  ,tles  by  means  of  regula,on  ex  Art  118  TFEU  (10-­‐12  years)  

Page 18: Bringing Audiovisual Works Online: (No) Sooner Said than Done? (Eleonora Rosati, eLAWnora)

Thank  you  for  your  aYen?on!

eleonora@e-­‐lawnora.com  @eLAWnora