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Planning for Regional Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou province of China Shang Jing, CAUPD Shang Jing, CAUPD 2012.07.30

Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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Page 1: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

Planning for Regional Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou province of

China

Shang Jing, CAUPD Shang Jing, CAUPD

2012.07.30

Page 2: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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中国城市规划设计研究院

CONTENT

General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path

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Page 3: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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中国城市规划设计研究院

CONTENT

1

General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path

Page 4: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

AUPD

1. General situation– Location : Southwest China

– Gross area: 176,000 KM2, 1.8% of China

– Mountainous region

– Urbanization Rate: 33.8%

– Population: 34,750,000(11,750,000 live in the cities and towns, 23,000,000 live in the countryside)

– Multinational regions: 18 minority nationalities, population ratio is about 38.9%.

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2. under developed The 2010 GDP of Guizhou

rank the sixth from the bottom. Meanwhile the per capita GDP was the last one, even 20% lower than Yunnan, Who was the next to the last.

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The poor population in the rural area is 11,490,000, (income 1 dollar per day), which takes up 9.4% of the whole poor popultion of China and 33.8% of the whole population in Guizhou.

50/88 counties are national level poverty-stricken counties, with a area of 117,000 KM2, which is 65% of the province. Most of them are included in the 14 concentrated poorest areas 。

Peasants’Income ranks the lowest in southwest China.

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3. rural poverty

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湖南 广西 重庆 四川 贵州 云南

Income of the peasant

Page 7: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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中国城市规划设计研究院

CONTENT

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General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path

Page 8: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

AUPD

1. National level

Phases 1 (1978-1992): Reform and opening-up

Income growth:

wage income:¥ 106185,

increased 75%

family business income:

¥ 63562, increased 790%

transfer income:¥ 2242,

increased 91%

Structure:

wage income: 56%21%

family business income: 33%72

Transfer income: 12%5%

Page 9: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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1. National levelPhases 2 (1993-2000): the initial stage of urbanization

Income growth:

Wage income: ¥ 195703, increased 261%

Family business income:

¥ 6791427, increased 110%

Transfer income: ¥ 4279,

increased 88%

Structure:

Wage income: 21%31%

Family business income: 74%63%

Transfer income: 5%3%

Page 10: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

AUPD

1. National levelPhases 3 (2001-):Speeding-up stage of urbanization

Income growth:

Wage income: ¥ 7722061,

increased 167%

Family business income:

¥ 14602526, increased 73%

Transfer income: ¥ 88398,

increased 352%

Structure :Wage income: 31%40%

Family business income:

62%49%

Transfer income: 4%8%

Page 11: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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2. What did the urbanization benefit the rural

provided jobs for the peasants, improved the wage income, there’re two choices they can make: move to the cities or just work there.

Economy in rural areas is changed by cities: City is a consumption market for rural areas. Family business income grew, which in turn support and help the structure coordination of local employments, boosting industrial economy development in both urban and rural areas. In a word, urbanization is the force of rural industrial restructuring.

Received central and local governmental financial support, building infrastructure and communal facilities in rural areas in order to improve rural living and producing conditions, elevate qualities of rural people, and to lay a foundation for sustainable rural development. 。

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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?

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Why wage income is low?

A comparison on urbanization between Guizhou and national average level in 1978-2010.

– Lack of employment in local cities: the process of urbanization was slow due to the industry structure which is mainly focused on mineral resources and lack of labor-intensive industries.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

全国 贵州 云南 广西 湖南 四川 重庆

2007年西南六省制造业结构比较

开采冶炼 原料加工 消费品制造 机械制造

-20.0%

-15.0%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

贵州 云南 广西 湖南 四川 重庆

2000~2007年各省工业结构变化

开采冶炼 原料加工 消费品制造 机械制造

Page 13: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?

13

Why wage income is low?

The wage incomeThe wage income

– A huge amount of peasant moved out to work, but the wage income is low because of the low-level education.

– In 2011, about 7,140,000 people moved out for job, which is 80% of the labor in the rural and rank top 1 in China.

  National level

Guizhou GuizhouV.S National 

LevelPeople with University 

education per 100,000 people8930 5292 -3638

People with High School diploma per 100,000 people

14032 7282 -6750

People with Middle School diploma per 100,000 people

38788 29789 -8999

People with Primary Scholl diploma per 100,000 people

26779 39373 +12594

Illiteracy Rate 4.08 8.74 +4.66

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Why family business income is low?

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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?

– Lack of infrastructure: High cost of construction due to the landform: The bridges and tunnels of the road is over 70%. So the average cost is 3 times as in the plain area, further more the fee is also 2-3 times. So does irrigation works.

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– the environment weakness and lack of farmland

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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou? Why family business income is

low?

– The bad cycle

Population growth

Reclaim farm-land on the hill

Environment degradation

Lack of farmland

Agricultural outputs per land( Yuan/acre )

Page 16: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou? Why family business income is low?

16

Family business incomeFamily business income

– The rural economy is not sufficiently proved by the urban. Rural industry in Guizhou is based on food-planting, urbanized agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry with good economic benefits take up only a low percentage.

Page 17: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development

In southwest part of China Hunan and Sichuan are better.

2009 the per capita GDP

per capita GDP (yuan)

Poor population impoverished rate( %)

poverty-stricken countiesTen thousand % number %

Guizhou 8824 581 9.0% 17.6% 50 60%Yunnan 12587 555 8.1% 15.3% 73 57%Guangxi 14966 187 3.6% 4.6% 28 32%Sichuan 15378 253 3.4% 3.7% 36 22%Hunan 17521 171 3.0% 3.1% 20 20%

Chongqing 18025 75 5.3% 3.1% 14 31%

2008

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Urbanized area + Characteristic area

4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development

Total population Urban population GDPProvin

ceUrbanized

AreaCharacteristic Area

Province

Urbanized Area

Characteristic Area

Province Urbanized Area Characteristic Area

万人 万人 % 万人 % 万人 万人 % 万人 % 万元 万元 % 万元 %

湖南 6343 4716 74%1627 26% 1462 1244 85% 218 15%

1314311508

87.57%

1634 12.43%

四川 8911 7233 81%1678 19% 2161 1862 86% 299 14%

1388511841

85.28%

2044 14.72%

重庆 3277 2451 75%826 25% 1523 1418 93% 105 7%

6611 593189.72%

680 10.28%

广西 5288 3258 62%2030 38% 944 640 68% 304 32%

7606 539670.94%

2210 29.06%

云南 4529 786 17%3743 83% 799 335 42% 464 58%

6252 260641.68%

3646 58.32%

贵州 3804 920 24%2885 76% 599 232 39% 367 61%

3959 171643.34%

2243 56.66

– Densely Urbanized Region: promote development of big cities and urban agglomeration, provide job vacancies to rural population in order to facilitate economic efficient development, release population pressure of Characteristic regions.

– Characteristic Region: based on local resources, construct professional cities, achieve economic development and local industrial development at the background of population-decrease.

Page 19: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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中国城市规划设计研究院

CONTENT

1

General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor Urbanization Path

Page 20: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

AUPD

The only way to improve income and meanwhile protect the environment is to speed up the process of urbanization first. While people moving out to urban areas, no matter finding jobs for a short time or settling down, the bad cycle would be broken.

So the overall route of poverty alleviation is to figure out a path which works out a good urban development, realizes interactive development between cities and rural areas, and balances people and environment.

1.Promote urbanization to let people move

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Analyze where is better to be the densly urbanized area.

Conditions of developing city and town

 Mineral Agricultural products Tourist

resources

Existing towns

Location & transportation

Construction condition

Environment

1.Promote urbanization

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Suggesting an overall arrangement “urbanized area + Characteristic area”

1.Promote urbanization: adjust population Structure

– Central: densely-urbanized region: develop metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations to accommodate urbanized population and conciliate men and land contradiction

– West: mineral towns district: encourage a large move-out of the rural population to central region since it is with the largest rural population and vulnerable ecology.

– Northwest: agricultural products processing and tourism area: develop to be a region with good job supply and large rural population

Urbanized area

Characteristic area Characterist

ic area

Characteristic area

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Ⅰ.Comprehensive Urban

Ⅱ.Mineral

Ⅲ.Agricultural characteristicⅣ.national tourismⅤ.Traditional Agriculture

2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and economic boosts

Pay attention to 5 types of urban development with a good combination of rural and urban economy: comprehensive urban, mineral, agricultural characteristic, national tourism and traditional agriculture

Page 24: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and economic boosts

Provide governmental supports on towns which have important effects on rural economy according to the distribution of economic factors(such as mineral materials, distinctive agricultural products, tourism resources etc.)

Page 25: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services

In order to improve the public service, urban construction with specific public service is also provided for the advance of rural population quality

We’ll first study on the distribution of urban and rural population to best satisfy the demands for public service infrastructure.

图 3 乡镇域平均面积 图 4 乡镇域平均总人口

图 1 村均人口规模 图 2 行政村平均面积

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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services

town

county

village

Regional

县县

Capital

Capital

capital

capital

县县

Capital

Capital

县县一般建制镇

基层村新型社区

多乡镇联合中心重点镇

中心村

Regular Additional Shared

According to population distribution, 4 levels are divided (they are regional, town, county and village level ), three public service infrastructure will be offered according to the level (they are regular, additional and shared system)

Page 27: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services

Type 1 :Basic

demands for

development

Public Education Medical Care( family planning)

Socail Security

Higher

Profession

alPrimary

National

professioal

Preventio

n cente

r

comprehensive

communit

y

National

Welfareprotection

11 1213

1415

16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 35

Regional

Capital △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △

Towncity ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ ○ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ ○ △ ○ △

Key town

○ △ △ △ △ △ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △

County

United center

○ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △

Village

Central ○ △ △ △ △ △

Basic ○ △ ○ ○

Allocation of funds for New Rural Construction will be made according to the demands for public services infrastructure of different types of towns. These infrastructures cover domain of education, medical care, social security, culture, housing and employment

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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services

Type 2 :Improving

Public Culterhousing

employ

ment

Administration and public

servicecommerce

comprehensive

professional

entertainment

C. Gym

Pro.Gym

com

munity

National

institution

institution

A. Institui

on

S. Instituion

Commercial facility

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 410 411 412 51 61 71 72 73 74 75 81 82 83 84

Regional

Capital △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △  

TownCity   ○ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △   △ △  

Key town

    ○ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ ○ △ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △ △ △   △ △  

CountyUnited center

      ○ △ △ △ ○     △ ○     △ △ △ △ △   △ △  

Villagecenter         ○ ○ △ ○     △ ○     ○   ○   △   ○ △ △

basic             △ ○     △ ○     ○   ○   △       △

Page 29: Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012

The end, thanks!