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Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012 http://urban-africa-china.angonet.org/
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Planning for Regional Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou province of
China
Shang Jing, CAUPD Shang Jing, CAUPD
2012.07.30
CA
UP
D
中国城市规划设计研究院
CONTENT
General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path
1
CA
UP
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中国城市规划设计研究院
CONTENT
1
General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path
AUPD
1. General situation– Location : Southwest China
– Gross area: 176,000 KM2, 1.8% of China
– Mountainous region
– Urbanization Rate: 33.8%
– Population: 34,750,000(11,750,000 live in the cities and towns, 23,000,000 live in the countryside)
– Multinational regions: 18 minority nationalities, population ratio is about 38.9%.
4
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2. under developed The 2010 GDP of Guizhou
rank the sixth from the bottom. Meanwhile the per capita GDP was the last one, even 20% lower than Yunnan, Who was the next to the last.
AUPD
The poor population in the rural area is 11,490,000, (income 1 dollar per day), which takes up 9.4% of the whole poor popultion of China and 33.8% of the whole population in Guizhou.
50/88 counties are national level poverty-stricken counties, with a area of 117,000 KM2, which is 65% of the province. Most of them are included in the 14 concentrated poorest areas 。
Peasants’Income ranks the lowest in southwest China.
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3. rural poverty
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湖南 广西 重庆 四川 贵州 云南
Income of the peasant
CA
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中国城市规划设计研究院
CONTENT
1
General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor urbanization path
AUPD
1. National level
Phases 1 (1978-1992): Reform and opening-up
Income growth:
wage income:¥ 106185,
increased 75%
family business income:
¥ 63562, increased 790%
transfer income:¥ 2242,
increased 91%
Structure:
wage income: 56%21%
family business income: 33%72
Transfer income: 12%5%
AUPD
1. National levelPhases 2 (1993-2000): the initial stage of urbanization
Income growth:
Wage income: ¥ 195703, increased 261%
Family business income:
¥ 6791427, increased 110%
Transfer income: ¥ 4279,
increased 88%
Structure:
Wage income: 21%31%
Family business income: 74%63%
Transfer income: 5%3%
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1. National levelPhases 3 (2001-):Speeding-up stage of urbanization
Income growth:
Wage income: ¥ 7722061,
increased 167%
Family business income:
¥ 14602526, increased 73%
Transfer income: ¥ 88398,
increased 352%
Structure :Wage income: 31%40%
Family business income:
62%49%
Transfer income: 4%8%
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2. What did the urbanization benefit the rural
provided jobs for the peasants, improved the wage income, there’re two choices they can make: move to the cities or just work there.
Economy in rural areas is changed by cities: City is a consumption market for rural areas. Family business income grew, which in turn support and help the structure coordination of local employments, boosting industrial economy development in both urban and rural areas. In a word, urbanization is the force of rural industrial restructuring.
Received central and local governmental financial support, building infrastructure and communal facilities in rural areas in order to improve rural living and producing conditions, elevate qualities of rural people, and to lay a foundation for sustainable rural development. 。
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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
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Why wage income is low?
A comparison on urbanization between Guizhou and national average level in 1978-2010.
– Lack of employment in local cities: the process of urbanization was slow due to the industry structure which is mainly focused on mineral resources and lack of labor-intensive industries.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
全国 贵州 云南 广西 湖南 四川 重庆
2007年西南六省制造业结构比较
开采冶炼 原料加工 消费品制造 机械制造
-20.0%
-15.0%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
贵州 云南 广西 湖南 四川 重庆
2000~2007年各省工业结构变化
开采冶炼 原料加工 消费品制造 机械制造
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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
13
Why wage income is low?
The wage incomeThe wage income
– A huge amount of peasant moved out to work, but the wage income is low because of the low-level education.
– In 2011, about 7,140,000 people moved out for job, which is 80% of the labor in the rural and rank top 1 in China.
National level
Guizhou GuizhouV.S National
LevelPeople with University
education per 100,000 people8930 5292 -3638
People with High School diploma per 100,000 people
14032 7282 -6750
People with Middle School diploma per 100,000 people
38788 29789 -8999
People with Primary Scholl diploma per 100,000 people
26779 39373 +12594
Illiteracy Rate 4.08 8.74 +4.66
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Why family business income is low?
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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
– Lack of infrastructure: High cost of construction due to the landform: The bridges and tunnels of the road is over 70%. So the average cost is 3 times as in the plain area, further more the fee is also 2-3 times. So does irrigation works.
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– the environment weakness and lack of farmland
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3. Why is so hard in Guizhou? Why family business income is
low?
– The bad cycle
Population growth
Reclaim farm-land on the hill
Environment degradation
Lack of farmland
Agricultural outputs per land( Yuan/acre )
AUPD
3. Why is so hard in Guizhou? Why family business income is low?
16
Family business incomeFamily business income
– The rural economy is not sufficiently proved by the urban. Rural industry in Guizhou is based on food-planting, urbanized agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry with good economic benefits take up only a low percentage.
AUPD
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4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development
In southwest part of China Hunan and Sichuan are better.
2009 the per capita GDP
per capita GDP (yuan)
Poor population impoverished rate( %)
poverty-stricken countiesTen thousand % number %
Guizhou 8824 581 9.0% 17.6% 50 60%Yunnan 12587 555 8.1% 15.3% 73 57%Guangxi 14966 187 3.6% 4.6% 28 32%Sichuan 15378 253 3.4% 3.7% 36 22%Hunan 17521 171 3.0% 3.1% 20 20%
Chongqing 18025 75 5.3% 3.1% 14 31%
2008
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Urbanized area + Characteristic area
4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development
Total population Urban population GDPProvin
ceUrbanized
AreaCharacteristic Area
Province
Urbanized Area
Characteristic Area
Province Urbanized Area Characteristic Area
万人 万人 % 万人 % 万人 万人 % 万人 % 万元 万元 % 万元 %
湖南 6343 4716 74%1627 26% 1462 1244 85% 218 15%
1314311508
87.57%
1634 12.43%
四川 8911 7233 81%1678 19% 2161 1862 86% 299 14%
1388511841
85.28%
2044 14.72%
重庆 3277 2451 75%826 25% 1523 1418 93% 105 7%
6611 593189.72%
680 10.28%
广西 5288 3258 62%2030 38% 944 640 68% 304 32%
7606 539670.94%
2210 29.06%
云南 4529 786 17%3743 83% 799 335 42% 464 58%
6252 260641.68%
3646 58.32%
贵州 3804 920 24%2885 76% 599 232 39% 367 61%
3959 171643.34%
2243 56.66
– Densely Urbanized Region: promote development of big cities and urban agglomeration, provide job vacancies to rural population in order to facilitate economic efficient development, release population pressure of Characteristic regions.
– Characteristic Region: based on local resources, construct professional cities, achieve economic development and local industrial development at the background of population-decrease.
CA
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中国城市规划设计研究院
CONTENT
1
General Situation of Guizhou Urbanization and Poverty Alleviation Pro-poor Urbanization Path
AUPD
The only way to improve income and meanwhile protect the environment is to speed up the process of urbanization first. While people moving out to urban areas, no matter finding jobs for a short time or settling down, the bad cycle would be broken.
So the overall route of poverty alleviation is to figure out a path which works out a good urban development, realizes interactive development between cities and rural areas, and balances people and environment.
1.Promote urbanization to let people move
AUPD
Analyze where is better to be the densly urbanized area.
Conditions of developing city and town
Mineral Agricultural products Tourist
resources
Existing towns
Location & transportation
Construction condition
Environment
1.Promote urbanization
AUPD
Suggesting an overall arrangement “urbanized area + Characteristic area”
1.Promote urbanization: adjust population Structure
– Central: densely-urbanized region: develop metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations to accommodate urbanized population and conciliate men and land contradiction
– West: mineral towns district: encourage a large move-out of the rural population to central region since it is with the largest rural population and vulnerable ecology.
– Northwest: agricultural products processing and tourism area: develop to be a region with good job supply and large rural population
Urbanized area
Characteristic area Characterist
ic area
Characteristic area
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Ⅰ.Comprehensive Urban
Ⅱ.Mineral
Ⅲ.Agricultural characteristicⅣ.national tourismⅤ.Traditional Agriculture
2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and economic boosts
Pay attention to 5 types of urban development with a good combination of rural and urban economy: comprehensive urban, mineral, agricultural characteristic, national tourism and traditional agriculture
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2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and economic boosts
Provide governmental supports on towns which have important effects on rural economy according to the distribution of economic factors(such as mineral materials, distinctive agricultural products, tourism resources etc.)
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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services
In order to improve the public service, urban construction with specific public service is also provided for the advance of rural population quality
We’ll first study on the distribution of urban and rural population to best satisfy the demands for public service infrastructure.
图 3 乡镇域平均面积 图 4 乡镇域平均总人口
图 1 村均人口规模 图 2 行政村平均面积
AUPD
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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services
town
county
village
Regional
县县
Capital
Capital
capital
capital
县县
Capital
Capital
县县一般建制镇
基层村新型社区
多乡镇联合中心重点镇
中心村
Regular Additional Shared
According to population distribution, 4 levels are divided (they are regional, town, county and village level ), three public service infrastructure will be offered according to the level (they are regular, additional and shared system)
AUPD
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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services
Type 1 :Basic
demands for
development
Public Education Medical Care( family planning)
Socail Security
Higher
Profession
alPrimary
National
professioal
Preventio
n cente
r
comprehensive
communit
y
National
Welfareprotection
11 1213
1415
16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 35
Regional
Capital △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △
Towncity ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ ○ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ ○ △ ○ △
Key town
○ △ △ △ △ △ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △
County
United center
○ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △
Village
Central ○ △ △ △ △ △
Basic ○ △ ○ ○
Allocation of funds for New Rural Construction will be made according to the demands for public services infrastructure of different types of towns. These infrastructures cover domain of education, medical care, social security, culture, housing and employment
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3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public services
Type 2 :Improving
Public Culterhousing
employ
ment
Administration and public
servicecommerce
comprehensive
professional
entertainment
C. Gym
Pro.Gym
com
munity
National
institution
institution
A. Institui
on
S. Instituion
Commercial facility
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 410 411 412 51 61 71 72 73 74 75 81 82 83 84
Regional
Capital △ △ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
TownCity ○ △ △ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Key town
○ ○ △ △ △ ○ △ ○ △ ○ ○ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
CountyUnited center
○ △ △ △ ○ △ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Villagecenter ○ ○ △ ○ △ ○ ○ ○ △ ○ △ △
basic △ ○ △ ○ ○ ○ △ △
The end, thanks!