2 kopecek bifi pv_ok

Bifacial world – monofacial modules:why do we compromise system power?

Radovan KopecekInternational Solar Energy Research Center (ISC), Konstanz, GERMANY

Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV workshop, Chambery 2014

- connect the “bifacial community”

- present bifacial technology and economy

- discuss bifacial future: how to introduce bifaciality into market>> create bifacial standards

>> strategy how to sell bifaciality

what is the goal of this WORKSHOP?

2


- bifacial history

- bifacial present

- bifacial future

what is the goal of this presentation?

3


THANKS FOR THE

PERFECT ORGANISATION!


THANKS FOR THE


history of glasses

monoclePV present


THANKS FOR THE


history of glasses

glassesPV future

monoclePV present


THANKS FOR THE


history of glasses

monoclePV present

glassesPV future

googlePV future


THANKS FOR THE


history of glasses

monoclePV present

googlePV future

star treckPV future

glassesPV future


THANKS FOR THE


history of glasses

monoclePV present

googlePV future

star treckPV future

glassesPV future

- high efficient- bifacial and - smart modulee.g.BOSCH, LG electronics,Sunpower, Meyer&Burger, Nexolon, MegaCell…


bifacial history


1954 bifacial n-type IBC

1998 bifacial installationsNordmann in Switzerland

2014 2nd bifiPV2015 bifacial cell productions

2012

first bifiPV

1966 bifacialcell proposals

2010+ first bifacial cell production

2000+ bifacial conceptsUKN- POWER 2001ISFH- OEKO 2003ANU- SLIVER 2003ISC/ECN- FOXY2007

and other

1974-2000 russian space applications

bifacial history

2013 large bifacial installations in Japan


bifacial present


THANKS FOR THE

PERFECT OGANISATION!

http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/multicrystalline-silicon-modules-dominate-solar-pv-industry-2014

who rules the PV world in 2014



THANKS FOR THE




BIFACIALbifacial

bifacial



ITRPV roadmap


THANKS FOR THE



40%

40%BIFACIAL

bifacial


THANKS FOR THE



40%

40%BIFACIAL

bifacial

sunpowerPanasonicSolarwindYingliPVGS

LG electronicsNexolonMegaCell

Motech

Meyer&Burger

SolarwindbSolar3D Solar RCT (mc PERCT)


A

BCFD E

SOLAR CELL PRODUCERS

A sunpower (IBC) 1993B Panasonic (HIT) 1997C Solarwind (NN) 2005D Yingli (Panda) 2010E PVGS (EarthOn) 2011F LG electronics (Neon)2013G Nexolon

H MegaCell

WAFER AND INGOT

PRODUCERS

1 SunEdison2 Norsun3 Pillar4 BOSCH5 FerroTec6 China7 GTAT8 Comtech9 Longi10 Solargiga11 M Setek… (non exhaustive list)

G

2

1

34

n-type technologies in production 2014

7

8 910

11

5

6

J. Libal, V.D. Mihailetchi, R. Kopecek and , PV international, March 2014

H

Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV workshop, Chambery 2014 19

present n-type screen printed, “diffused” technologies

R. Kopecek and J. Libal, PV international, September 2013

n-type technologies in 2014


BiSoN: certified I/V measurement at Fraunhofer ISE CalLab

Area

[cm2]

Isc

[A]

Voc

[mV]

FF

[%]

Pmpp

[W]

Eff

[%]

239 9.4 652 79 4.841 20.25

Implied Voc ≈ 690 mV Room for even higher efficiencies with improved metalization (reduced

contact area and new metal pastes)

Typical I/V parameters of a BiSoN solar cell


roadmap of BiSoN technology

High implied Voc > 690 mV:

• High quality of the process and device design• High emitter quality and its surface passivation

significant room for improvements using current process

sequence and equipment by various optimizations

50 μm fingers

fine line print

Jsc: 40.1 mA/cm2

20.6%

FF: 79.5%

20.8%

double printimproved FF

Voc: 660 mV

21.0%

reduced contact area,

improved metal pastes

Current status

h 20.3%

JSC 39.4 mA/cm2

VOC 652 mV

FF 78.9%


coo of ISC ZOO compared to others

22


BiSoN technology. www.megacell.it

23


BiSoN technology. www.megacell.it


bifaciality as a large plus:results from ISC‘s test site in Egypt


bifaciality as a large plus:results from ISC‘s test site in Egypt


bifi module: a great tool to play with

Mihailetchi, bifiPV 2012

Traverso, MegaCell website 2014


bifacial future


If you claim to have the best technology why don´t you rule the PV world???

29

discrepancebetween R&D and industry

- bottle necks?- show stoppers?

crysis

- tuning the p-type technology has highest priority- no budget for innovations

PV as extremely slow market

- producers need to gain confidence in new products - small installers do not understand the advantage of high power modules yet


Bifacial world – monofacial modules:why do we compromise system power?

30

discrepancebetween R&D and industry

- bottle necks?- show stoppers?

crysis

- tuning the p-type technology has highest priority- no budget for innovations

PV as extremely slow market

- producers need to gain confidence in new products - small installers do not understand the advantage of high power modules yet


4000 modules = 1 MWp

15% less modules and area BOS cost savings (land, labour, mounting structures, ....)

= 1.44 MWh/year ( *1440 kWh/kWp e.g in Bari/Italy)3448 modules = 1 MWp

12 modules = 3.0 kWp

250W standard modules

4320 kWh/year (*)

290W BiSoN modules

12 modules = 3.48 kWp

5011 kWh/year

monofacial modules with bifacial cells


Bifacial Bison module with 290W front side Pmpp can produce the same

kWh/kWp as a monofacial module with 350 W Pmpp (20% Albedo)

250W mc-Si modules

4000 modules = 1.44 MWh/year (1 MWp)

30% less modules and area ! significant BOS cost savings

(land, labour, mounting structures, ....)

Bifacial Bison module (“350W”)

2857 modules = 1.44 MWh/year

(0.828 MWp front side)

bifacial modules with bifacial cells


Why do we not compromise system´spower (or better kWh) in future?

-Bifaciality offers the possibility to increase the yearly

yield to a large extend

- Cost effective n-type (and p-type) solar cell concepts

are getting bifacial anyhow (more complex processes but: better performance, material savings).- Module manufacturers are switching to glass-glass

modules anyhow (longer lifetime, desert modules)

THINGS TO BE SOLVED:

- Standardization of bifacial measurements and testing- Selling advantage to the end user


measuring standards for bifacial solar cells

34


BIFACIAL“bifacial devices have an increased efficiency”

“we use black chucks”

“for measuring bifacial cells we take 20% light intensity from rear”

“we use reflective chucks”

“………………………”

35


n-type standard module

?

measuring bifacial cells

n-type bifacial module

- bifacial cells measured for bifacial module application- increased harvesting depending on bifacial factor and albedo

- bifacial cells measured for monofacialmodule application- CTM losses/gains depending on measurement setup and module techn.



measuring bifacial cells

CHUCK

- black chuck

- reflective

- conductive

- non conductive

- ….

37

??


proposal by BOSCH (Jan Lossen)at the 1st bifacial WS in Konstanz 2012

38


measuring bifacial cells standardisation

(AM1.5, 25°C, not active area measurement; indicate technology and hocus-pocus processes)

- measurement after LID or regeneration to be mentioned

- white reflective chuck (similar to white tedlar)

- non conductive chuck (as tedlar)

- length of pulse (e.g.> 50 ms)

- …39


white non conductive


first start of standardization group


summary

41

- solar cells in near future will be bifacial anyhow

- many modules in future will be glass-glass

- the system power can be extremely increased by using bifacial cells and bifacial modules

- in order to be able to estimate CTM losses from cell

performance, to compare technologies and bring it to

market measuring standards have to be introduced

ISC Konstanzresearch for a sunny future

THANK YOU!


25th 26th 27th 28th

March 23-26, 2015

KONSTANZ

Presentations & Public Speaking

2 kopecek bifi pv_ok