1. 1 4 1 ; . . . . () (). . , , . 1. (PRL) () PRL 6. (GH) (hPL).
Oscar Riddle Henry Friesen. , , , . . 2. 2 , ( ). , . 300 PRL , , ,
, , , . , . . . , . (TRH) . , , PIF (Prolactin Inhibiting Factor).
, . . , . stress. 3. , . . 2. 3. 3 , . (.. ), , . , (.. ) , . (FSH
LH) , . . , , (). , , ( , , , ). 1: . 4. 4 2: . 5. 5 3: . 6. 6 . .
- , . : . . : , , . . 7. 7 . . , . - , , . , , . . . , , . . . 8. 8
(). (, , ) (). 4, 5, 6. 4: . 9. 9 5: . 6: . 10. 10 ( ). . 7. 7: .
1. . ( , ) . , . 2. . ( ), ) , ) . 2) - . , . 11. 11 2) () ( ) .
GLUT2. 8, 9, 10. , . H , , . , . , . H ( ), . 1. , , . 2. : , , . .
3. : . , , . - . 12. 12 4. M . , , . . 5. . . , . , , . H , , . , ,
, . . , , Vmax . Km . 11, 12. . 13. 13 8: . . 9: . 14. 14 10: GLUT,
. . 6- . 11: . 15. 15 12: . . , . , . . , . 14. . . Na+-K+ ( Na+-K+
) , Na+ K+. 16. 16 , a+ + . K+ 10 20 , Na+. a+- + : + + . a+-+
a+-+-. a+- +- . - , 1 2. 1, a+ + . 2, + a+. , a+-+- 1 2 + a+ , . K
a+-+- , . H . 15, 16. . 13. . , . 17. 17 , a+ a+-+- . a+ . , , a+,
. , . , a+. 13: . Na+, . 18. 18 14: . . 15: Na+-K+ 19. 19 16: Na+ -
K+. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson
A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002. 17: . 20. 20 1.
. ( ). GLUT1. valinomycin . 2. . (). ( ) . . - Na+ () H+. 3. .
"ping pong" . adenine nucleotide translocase 1:1 ADP ATP . ATP ,
(Na+, K+)- ATPase, . (H+, K+)-ATPase, H+ K+. Ca++-ATPase, Ca++ +.
21. 21 1. . 2. ATP- , ATP. 3. , , . . . () 12 . 75 (Asp75). Phe72 .
(Ala145 Val148) van der Waals . 22. 22 2 , . . - (metabolism): , .
1 = + (anabolism): . (catabolism): , , ( ATP) / . , . . 23. 23 1: .
[1] & doping 1. (AAS = androgen anabolic steroids) 2. 3. 4.
(EPO) 5. (GH) 6. 7. 8. ACTH, 9. 10. 11. 12. , Selective androgen
receptor modulators (SARMs) 24. 24 , , , , , , , . ( ). [2] (95% )
Leydig . , , (DHEA) (DHT). 2: 5- 5- DHT, AR .
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2439524/ 25. 25 5- 5. .
2. [3] 5-, . [4] . , , . 3 10 mg , 60 . , 1889, Charles-douard
Brown-Squard ( 3) , " " (rejuvenating elixir), . (1817-1894) [5] 3:
Charles-douard Brown-Squard 26. 26 1927, Fred Koch Lemuel McGee 20
mg 20 . . , Organon Gyula David, Dingemanse, Freud Laqueur. 1935,
[6] " 'O ()", "testicle" (), "" "". , , Ruzicka Wettstein 1935. [7,
8, 9] : () (.. , , ) () , , , . , , , . 4 . 27. 27 4: . [10] () . .
, , . , . , . , , , . "stacking" ( "") . 28. 28 , (relaxation) . (
bodybuilding), . ( ) , , " " . 5%, bodybuilding 50%. [11, 12, 13] ,
. . 2 . , . , nandrolone, stanozolol methandienone. . 29. 29 5: .
6: . [14] 30. 30 . methandienone, methyltestosterone, oxandrolone
and stanozolol. nandrolone, mesterolone oxymetholone. 17 . . [15] .
', , : () , () , () , () , () , () . 1950 . , . , ,
(anabolic/androgenic ratio). . 31. 31 C-17 . , ( ), . , . [16] '
C-19 (.. , ). , C-17 , . C-1 C-2 . [17] . [18] (): 5-
(5-androstane) 5- (5-estrane). (A-D) C-18 C-19. C-19. . / . "" "",
"" "". ', "", C-5 "". 7. 32. 32 7: . : () , () (recovery time), , .
, . , . -"" (steroid receptors) . , (androgen receptors AR). -, ,
DNA. . (membrane-bound sex hormone-binding globulin receptor),
tyrosine kinase c-SRC. [19, 20, 21] 33. 33 8: . [22] . DNA zinc-
fingers' ( ). [23] Hsp90 p23 ( ) TPR (co-chaperones utilizing
tetratricopeptide repeat). [24] , Mr 288 , Hsp 90 . [25, 26] 34. 34
, : nandrolone>methenolone>testosterone>mesterolone. [27]
. , (Dianabol) , (Anavar), . 9 9: dianabol anavar. 35. 35 . , ,
oxymetholone oxandrolone, AIDS, . [28, 29, 30] trestolone ,
oxandrolone . [31, 32] 1996 10 600 mg, , . [33] . [34] . [35] .
[36] (enantanate) . [37] libido . [38] . [39] 36. 36 (AAS) 10 50 .
. : , . , , , , , , , . 10 : , , , , (), , , , , , . : , , ( ). : ,
, , , , , , , LDL-. 37. 37 : , ( HDL/LDL), , , , ACTH, LH FSH, . :
, , , . 11 ' : ( ), : , , , , , , . , , , , . AAS , . , AAS . , , .
38. 38 : 1) ( ) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16)
17) 18) 19) 20) , , . 39. 39 : , . [40-60] , bodybuilders , , . , .
30 . . [61] 40. 40 10. 30 . [62] 11: . 41. 41 Velluz, Nommne,
Bucourt Mathieu 1963. o . ( ) , . 12 , . , (bodybuilding) ( ) .
[63] 12:T (17---4,9,11--3-) . , (bodybuilding) , . 42. 42 . 2-. , .
, , . . . , . SARMs - AR . [64, 65] (EPO) (85%) (15%): EPO . . , ,
. [66, 67] (hGH) , . GH . O IGF -1 , GH. 43. 43 GH, , IGF -1 . IGF
-1 GH , GH . . , . , , . , , , , . . . , GH . GH 1980. Ben Johnson,
GH . [68] (LH) (hCG). LH , . (GnRH) LH. (hCG) . hCG ( ). [69] 44.
44 - Langerhans . , . - . [70] ( , ACTH) . , (CRH), ACTH. [71] : ,
2-, , , , , , . , , . , , , , . SARMs : : , , : 1 2 . 45. 45 : [72]
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