ISAS and International collaboration

IAU Focus meeting 11 Hawaii, 6-7 August 2015

Saku Tsuneta Institute of Space and Astronautical Science

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

2006年3月16日 プロジェクトマネジメント学会講演 2

観測ロケットの開発チーム

Importance of International collaboration from personal perspective

Soft X-ray telescope for Yohkoh (1991) Palo Alto 1989

Sky & Telescope

Hinode refereed papers: 810 papers for 7 years Immediate release of just-taken data

with analysis software & latest calibration info.

p Approx.90-120 papers per year p Data used by 23 countries p Top US, Second Japan, third UK p One-third of papers come from US p Same contribution from Asia, US, Europe

Curator: Dr. Shimojo (NAOJ)

Whole Asia

Whole Europe

HAYABUSA 2003-2010 Asteroid Explorer

AKARI(ASTRO-F)2006-2011 Infrared Astronomy

KAGUYA（SELENE)2007-2009 Lunar Exploration

SUZAKU(ASTRO-E2)2005- X-Ray Astronomy

M-V Rocket

AKATSUKI 2010- Venus Meteorogy

Hisaki 2013 Planetary atmosphere

HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- Solar Observation

IKAROS 2010 Solar Sail

JAXA recent science missions

HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 Asteroid Explorer

Number of Referred Papers Satellite Objective Start of

Operation End of

Operation Counting

Period Number

AKATSUKI Venus Atmosphere 2010 operating 2011-2012 8

KAGUYA Lunar Exploration 2007 2009 2008-2012 190

HINODE Sun 2006 operating 2007-2012 844

AKARI Infrared Astronomy 2006 2011 2007-2012 222

SUZAKU X-ray Astronomy 2005 operating 2006-2012 681

HAYABUSA Asteroid Sample Return 2003 2010 2004-2012 129

NOZOMI Mars Orbitor 1998 2003 1999-2012 26

HALCA Space VLBI 1997 2005 1998-2012 44

ASCA X-ray Astronomy 1993 2002 1994-2012 2287

GEOTAIL Magnetosphere 1992 operating 1993-2012 1236

YOHKOH Sun 1991 2000 1992-2012 1089

＜reference＞

Subaru Telescope

Ground based 1999 operating 2000-2012 1031

Red: JAXA-led mission with major NASA participation

AKATSUKI(PLANET-C) – 2010- Venus Meteorogy ESA Bepi-Colombo 2017

ERG 2015- Van Allen belt

ERG 2016 Van Allen belt

M-V Rocket

HAYABUSA2 2014 Asteroid sample&return

SPICA 2025- Infrared Astronomy

ASTRO-H 2016 X-Ray Astronomy

ESA JUICE 2024 Jupiter Icy moons

High-cadence Low-cost

focused missions 2022, 2024….

ESA JUICE 2022 Jupiter Icy moons

SPICA 2027 IR Astronomy

SLIM 2020 Moon landing

Phobos/Deimos Sample Return 2022

LiteBird 2025 CMB polarization (preliminary)

JAXA missions under development/being considered

SLIM

ISAS/JAXA mission categories

Strategic Large Missions (300M$ class) for JAXA-led flagship science mission with HIIA vehicle (3 in ten years)

Space Policy Commission under cabinet office intends to guarantee predetermined steady annual budget for space

science and exploration for ISAS/JAXA to maintain its excellent scientific activities

Competitively-chosen medium-sized focused missions (<150M$ class) with Epsilon rocket (every 2 year)

Missions of opportunity (10M$ per year) for foreign agency-led mission, sounding rocket, ISS

SPICA

JUICE

#4, #5 AO

ERG

Phobos/Deimos LiteBird (preliminary)

ATHENA

2010 2020 2030

Hisaki(2013)

SPICA (2027-28)

Future ISAS science missions

BepiColombo (ESA, 2016)

SLIM(2020) #4 (2022) #5(2024)

ERG (2016)

Astro-H (2016)

JUICE (ESA, 2022)

ATHENA(ESA, 2028) WFIRST(NASA, 2025)

Strategic L-class (3 missions /10 yrs) w/ HII-A and H3

Competitive M-class (1 mission/2 yrs) w/ Epsilon

S-class Foreign agency-led mission

Phobos/Deimos (2022) LiteBird (2025) preliminary

ISAS Astrophysics and fundamental physics 2020s Lead cryogenic astrophysics missions

9

Hot and Energetic Universe

Reds

hift

(z)

Wavelength (m) 10-12-10-8 m 10-5-10-4 m 10-3-10-2 m

z=0.5

z=3

z>>10

Galaxy Evolution Formation of Solar Systems

SPICA(ESA-led)

ATHENA(ESA-led) LiteBIRD (JAXA-led)

Cosmic Microwave Background and Inflation

(X-ray) (IR) (Milli-wave)

BepiColombo MMO(ESA-led)

Phobos/Deimos Sample Return (JAXA-led)

Asteroid Sample Return Hayabusa, Hayabusa2 (JAXA-led)

JUICE (ESA -led)

10

SLIM Moon landing (JAXA-led)

ISAS Planetary science 2020s Lead sample & return

Hayabusa 2 mission

1/5

falcon

hayabusa

Hayabusa2-OSIRIS-REx collaboration in operation

Hayabusa 2 mission

1/5

falcon

hayabusa

Hayabusa2-OSIRIS-REx collaboration in operation

ISAS/JAXA HAYABUSA2 mission • Launched: 2014, arrival:2018, departure: 2019,

return: 2020 • Target: 1999 JU3 NASA OSIRIS-Rex mission • Launch: 2016, arrival:2018, departure: 2021, return: 2023 • Target: 101955 BENNU Sample & return is regarded as a high-risk mission and the collaboration including sample-exchange serves as

a means for insurance for both science teams.

Fiscal Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Operating / C

oncluded

Under D

evelopment S

ounding

B

eing considered

R

ocket

ASTRO-EII（SUZAKU）’05

GEOTAIL’92

SOLAR-B（HINODE）’06

MUSES-C（HAYABUSA）’03

ASTRO-H ’15

ASTRO-H

HAYABUSA SUZAKU

HINODE

Daytime Dynamo ’11,’13 ▼ ▼ CLASP ’15 ▼

MMS ’14 ▼

Space Science Cooperation with NASA and ESA

ASTRO-F（AKARI）’05

PLANET-C（AKATSUKI） ’10

BepiColombo ’16

SPICA ’25

JUICE ’22

▼

SPICA

Bepi Colombo

cooperation with NASA cooperation with ESA

HAYABUSA2 ’14 ▼

▼

▼

▼

▼

A Sounding Rocket Experiment Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) to infer

magnetic fields in the solar transition zone

NAOJ/MSFC 2015 This autumn

TMT 30m (2021)

ALMA

Similarity and difference between ground and space

• Equal partnership: No lead agency in ground-based programs?

• Japan is always invited to large ground-based programs.

• Budgetary difference is smaller in ground-based programs.

US decadal process and international collaboration

• Are international missions less competitive or visible in the US decadal prioritization process simply due to not-enough advocacy for those missions?

• Is NASA not afforded the flexibility to take advantage of these international partnerships due to the strong adherence to the priorities listed in the Decadal Survey?

• International collaboration is vitally important for ISAS/JAXA. Smaller agency like ISAS has larger dependence on international collaboration, and is more vulnerable.

Summary • We do complex international collaboration for

the sake of the maximum science. • International collaboration is essential for JAXA-

led L and M class missions . ISAS/JAXA is eager to participate in the NASA-led and ESA-led large missions that JAXA cannot afford.

• Similar missions are usually proposed to NASA, ESA and ISAS/JAXA almost simultaneously, meaning a lot of redundancy. Early and careful agency-level dialog is important not to kill a science discipline on the continent and not to waste young people’s efforts.