IUPAC NamingPrefix+root+suffix

Branch Number of carbons

Type of Organic compound

Alkanes

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 Butane

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Pentane

Alkanes with one branchCH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3

-

2-methyl pentane

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH2-

-CH3 3-ethyl hexane

Alkanes with two branchesCH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3- -

CH3 CH3 2,3-dimethyl pentane

CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3CH3 CH2

CH3

- --

3-ethyl 2-methyl pentane

Alkenes

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3Pent-2-ene

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2Hex-1-ene

Alkenes with branches

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH=CH2CH2-CH3

-

4-ethyl Hex-1-ene

Alkenes with branches

CH3-C=CH-CH=CH2CH2-CH3

-

4-ethyl Hex-1,3-diene

AlkynesCH3-C≡CH Prop-1-yne

CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH3

Hex-2-yne

Aromatic HydrocarbonsFormula: C6H6

OR

IUPAC Name: Benzene

CH3

Methyl benzene

CH3

CH3

1,2-dimethyl benzene

CH2-CH3

CH3

1-ethyl 3-methyl benzene

Alcohols

Functional group: OHName of suffix :-ol

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

Suffix: olRoot: ButanName:butan-1-ol

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3OH

Suffix: olRoot: PentanName:Pentan-2-ol

1 2 3 4 5

CH3-CH-CH-CH3

OH

OH

Suffix: olRoot: ButanName:Butan-2,3-diol

CH3-CH-CH-CH3OH

CH3

Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix: methylName:3-methyl-2-butanol

1 2 3 4

Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix: cycloName:cyclobutanol

Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix:methylName:2-methyl cyclobutanol

EthersFunctional group:-O-

Suffix: Oxy

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3

Eth Prop

Smaller group goes first.

Ethoxy propane

Alkyl halidesFunctional groups:

F,Cl,Br,ISuffix:Fluoro,chloro,bromo

,iodo

CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl3 2 1

1-chloro propane

CH3-CH-CH2-ClCl

3 2 1

1,2-dichloro propane

Chlorocyclobutane

Chlorocyclopentane

1,3-dichlorocyclopentane

1,-bromo-3-methylcyclohexene

AldehydesFunctional group: =O

Suffix: al

CH3-CH2-CH

=O

Propanal

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH

=O

CH3

5 4 3 2 1

4-methyl pentanal

3-ethyl heptanal

KetonesFunctional group: =O

Suffix: one

CH3-C-CH3

=O

2-Propanone

Carboxylic acids

Functional group: -COOHSuffix:-oic acid

CH3-CH2-C-OH

=

O

Propanoic acid

CH3-CH-CH2-C-OHCH3

=O

3-methyl butanoic acid

Esters

Functional group: -COO-Suffix:Oate

CH3-CH2-C-O-CH3

=

O

Methyl propanoate

H-C-O-CH2-CH3

=

O

Ethyl methanoate

Amines

Functional group:-NH2

Suffix: -amine

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2

Butan-1-amine

CH3-CH2-CH2-NHCH3

-

N-methyl-propan-1-amine

Functional group:-C-NH2

Suffix: -amide

Amides

=O

CH3-CH2-CH2-C-NH2

=O

Butanamide

CH3-CH2-C-NH=O

CH3

-

N-methyl propanamide